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39-428: According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following: [REDACTED] Media related to Strumyani Municipality at Wikimedia Commons 41°38′20″N 23°12′10″E  /  41.6389°N 23.2029°E  / 41.6389; 23.2029 This Blagoevgrad Province , Bulgaria location article

78-447: A hermetic bottling technique that would preserve food for French troops which ultimately contributed to the development of tinning, and subsequently canning by Peter Durand in 1810. Although initially expensive and somewhat hazardous due to the lead used in cans, canned goods would later become a staple around the world. Pasteurization , discovered by Louis Pasteur in 1864, improved the quality and safety of preserved foods and introduced

117-490: A large profit potential exists for the manufacturers and suppliers of processed food products. Individuals may see a benefit in convenience , but rarely see any direct financial cost benefit in using processed food as compared to home preparation. Processed food freed people from the large amount of time involved in preparing and cooking "natural" unprocessed foods. The increase in free time allows people much more choice in life style than previously allowed. In many families

156-452: A study published in " Food & Nutrition Research " in 2010, meaning more of their food energy content is retained within the body. Processed foods also tend to be more allergenic than whole foods, according to a June 2004 "Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology" article. Although the preservatives and other food additives used in many processed foods are generally recognized as safe,

195-619: A study published in " The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition " in December 2007. Foods that have undergone processing, including some commercial baked goods, desserts, margarine, frozen pizza, microwave popcorn and coffee creamers, sometimes contain trans fats . This is the most unhealthy type of fat, and may increase risk for high cholesterol, heart disease and stroke. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends keeping trans fat intake as low as possible. Processed foods may actually take less energy to digest than whole foods, according to

234-508: A territory of 6,449.5 km (2,490.2 sq mi) and a population of 323,552 (as of 2011 ). It is the third largest in Bulgaria after Burgas and Sofia Provinces and comprises 5.8% of the country's territory. Blagoevgrad Province includes the mountains, or parts of, Rila (highest point of the Balkans  — Musala summit, 2925 m), Pirin (highest point — Vihren summit, 2914 m),

273-517: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Blagoevgrad Province 41°45′N 23°15′E  /  41.750°N 23.250°E  / 41.750; 23.250 Blagoevgrad Province ( Bulgarian : област Благоевград , oblast Blagoevgrad or Благоевградска област, Blagoevgradska oblast ), also known as Pirin Macedonia or Bulgarian Macedonia ( Bulgarian : Пиринска Македония; Българска Македония ), ( Pirinska Makedoniyа oblast )

312-479: Is a province ( oblast ) of southwestern Bulgaria . It borders four other Bulgarian provinces to the north and east, the Greek region of Macedonia to the south, and North Macedonia to the west. The province has 14 municipalities with 12 towns. Its principal city is Blagoevgrad , while other significant towns include Bansko , Gotse Delchev , Melnik , Petrich , Razlog , Sandanski , and Simitli . The province has

351-594: Is located in the former headquarters of the communist party . Annually the city draws around 10,000 students from the country and abroad. The number of schools in the province is 182. A number of the province's towns were renamed in honor of major figures such as Sandanski (after Yane Sandanski ). The province had a population of 323,552 according to the 2011 census , of which 49.3% were male and 50.9% were female . Total population (2011 census): 323 552 Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 283,556 persons: The ethnic Bulgarian population in

390-518: Is made at home, in a small bakery, or in a large factory, is an example of secondary food processing. Fermenting fish and making wine , beer , and other alcoholic products are traditional forms of secondary food processing. Sausages are a common form of secondary processed meat, formed by comminution (grinding) of meat that has already undergone primary processing. Most of the secondary food processing methods known to humankind are commonly described as cooking methods . Tertiary food processing

429-1110: Is necessary to make most foods edible while secondary food processing turns ingredients into familiar foods, such as bread . Tertiary food processing results in ultra-processed foods and has been widely criticized for promoting overnutrition and obesity , containing too much sugar and salt , too little fiber , and otherwise being unhealthful in respect to dietary needs of humans and farm animals. Primary food processing turns agricultural products, such as raw wheat kernels or livestock, into something that can eventually be eaten. This category includes ingredients that are produced by ancient processes such as drying , threshing , winnowing and milling grain, shelling nuts , and butchering animals for meat. It also includes deboning and cutting meat, freezing and smoking fish and meat, extracting and filtering oils, canning food, preserving food through food irradiation , and candling eggs , as well as homogenizing and pasteurizing milk . Contamination and spoilage problems in primary food processing can lead to significant public health threats, as

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468-655: Is not necessary to limit the sugars found naturally in whole, unprocessed foods like fresh fruit, eating too much added sugar found in many processed foods increases the risk of heart disease, obesity, cavities and Type 2 diabetes. The American Heart Association recommends women limit added sugars to no more than 420 kilojoules (100 kilocalories), or 25 grams, and men limit added sugars to no more than 650 kJ (155 kcal), or about 38.75 grams, per day. Currently, Americans consume an average of 1,490 kJ (355 kcal) from added sugars each day. Processing foods often involves nutrient losses, which can make it harder to meet

507-439: Is only truly possible on a wide scale because of food processing. Transportation of more exotic foods, as well as the elimination of much hard labor gives the modern eater easy access to a wide variety of food unimaginable to their ancestors. The act of processing can often improve the taste of food significantly. Mass production of food is much cheaper overall than individual production of meals from raw ingredients. Therefore,

546-468: Is the commercial production of what is commonly called processed food . These are ready-to-eat or heat-and-serve foods, such as frozen meals and re-heated airline meals . Food processing dates back to the prehistoric ages when crude processing incorporated fermenting, sun drying, preserving with salt , and various types of cooking (such as roasting, smoking, steaming, and oven baking), Such basic food processing involved chemical enzymatic changes to

585-587: Is the transformation of agricultural products into food , or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing takes many forms, from grinding grain into raw flour , home cooking , and complex industrial methods used in the making of convenience foods . Some food processing methods play important roles in reducing food waste and improving food preservation , thus reducing the total environmental impact of agriculture and improving food security . The Nova classification groups food according to different food processing techniques. Primary food processing

624-576: Is widely considered an important resource. A number of national parks and protected territories care for the biodiversity. Arable land is 38.8% and forests constitute 52% of the province's territory. The Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 saw the annexation of the area to the Bulgarian state. Before the wars, it had been under Ottoman rule for over five centuries. The Blagoevgrad province (област, oblast ) contains 14 municipalities (singular: община, obshtina - plural: общини, obshtini ). The following table shows

663-560: The Rhodopes , Slavyanka , Belasitsa , Vlahina , Maleshevo , Ograzhden , and Stargach . There are two major rivers — Struma River and Mesta River  — with population concentrations along their valleys, which are also the main transport corridors. The climate varies from temperate continental to Mediterranean in the southernmost parts. Natural resources are timber, mineral springs, coal, construction materials, including marble and granite . The beautiful and preserved environment

702-502: The 20th century, automatic appliances like microwave oven , blender , and rotimatic paved way for convenience cooking . In western Europe and North America, the second half of the 20th century witnessed a rise in the pursuit of convenience. Food processing companies marketed their products especially towards middle-class working wives and mothers. Frozen foods (often credited to Clarence Birdseye ) found their success in sales of juice concentrates and " TV dinners ". Processors utilised

741-628: The adults are working away from home and therefore there is little time for the preparation of food based on fresh ingredients. The food industry offers products that fulfill many different needs: e.g. fully prepared ready meals that can be heated up in the microwave oven within a few minutes. Modern food processing also improves the quality of life for people with allergies, diabetics , and other people who cannot consume some common food elements. Food processing can also add extra nutrients such as vitamins . Processing of food can decrease its nutritional density. The amount of nutrients lost depends on

780-631: The architecture from the Ottoman period (like Melnik , the Rozhen Monastery and Bansko ). A theatre, a library with 345,000 tomes, and an opera house are situated in the provincial centre, Blagoevgrad . There are art galleries in Bansko , Blagoevgrad and Sandanski . Many small cultural institutions, chitalishta , are dispersed around the province. The Pirin State Ensemble is the most prominent among

819-515: The area around Velingrad one of the few places where Bulgarian Muslims make up the majority of the Muslims while in Bulgaria general most Muslims are from Turkish background. Blagoevgrad Province is currently one of the best-represented provinces in Bulgarian football , with 3 teams playing in the Bulgarian A PFG (second only to Sofia with 4) — FC Vihren Sandanski , PFC Belasitsa Petrich and PFC Pirin 1922 Blagoevgrad . One more team from

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858-581: The basic structure of food in its natural form, as well served to build a barrier against surface microbial activity that caused rapid decay. Salt-preservation was especially common for foods that constituted warrior and sailors' diets until the introduction of canning methods . Evidence for the existence of these methods can be found in the writings of the ancient Greek , Chaldean , Egyptian and Roman civilizations as well as archaeological evidence from Europe , North and South America and Asia. These tried and tested processing techniques remained essentially

897-438: The body's needs if these nutrients are not added back through fortification or enrichment. For example, using high heat during processing can cause vitamin C losses. Another example is refined grains, which have less fiber, vitamins and minerals than whole grains. Eating refined grains, such as those found in many processed foods, instead of whole grains may increase the risk for high cholesterol , diabetes and obesity, according to

936-643: The early 1990s, the region has also attracted Greek manufacturers who moved their production line from Greece , especially to Petrich . It was an important tourist destination during the communist years for East Germans and is slowly picking up again. The unique town of Melnik was once a wealthy centre built on the back of exiled phanariots from Constantinople . Now it is a centre for wine production and offers eco-tourism. Infrastructure remains relatively underdeveloped, especially regarding road and rail communications. It remains an important target for potential EU funding. There are two major infrastructural projects in

975-490: The food and processing method. For example, heat destroys vitamin C . Therefore, canned fruits possess less vitamin C than their fresh alternatives. The USDA conducted a study of nutrient retention in 2004, creating a table of foods, levels of preparation, and nutrition. New research highlighting the importance to human health of a rich microbial environment in the intestine indicates that abundant food processing (not fermentation of foods) endangers that environment. One of

1014-472: The main sources for sodium in the diet is processed foods. Sodium, mostly in the form of sodium chloride , i.e. salt, is added to prevent spoilage, add flavor and enhance the texture of these foods. Americans consume an average of 3436 milligrams of sodium per day, which is higher than the recommended limit of 2300 milligrams per day for healthy people, and more than twice the limit of 1500 milligrams per day for those at increased risk for heart disease. While it

1053-574: The names of each municipality in English and Cyrillic , the main town (in bold) or village, and the population of each as of 2011. The region is characterized with diversified economic branch structure: food and tobacco processing industries, agriculture , tourism , transport and communications , textile industry , timber and furniture industries, iron processing and machinery industry, construction materials industry, as well as pharmaceuticals, plastics, paper and shoes production. Approximately 10% of

1092-891: The numerous folklore and music bands. There are 10 museums in the province that preserve the rich historical, ethnographic and archaeological heritage. Cultural events include the Theatre Festival in Blagoevgrad, the Jazz Festival in Bansko and the Melnik Evenings of Poetry. The Southwestern University and the American University in Bulgaria are situated in Blagoevgrad; the latter is the second largest American university campus in Europe and

1131-781: The perceived value of time to appeal to the postwar population, and this same appeal contributes to the success of convenience foods today. Benefits of food processing include toxin removal, preservation, easing marketing and distribution tasks, and increasing food consistency. In addition, it increases yearly availability of many foods, enables transportation of delicate perishable foods across long distances and makes many kinds of foods safe to eat by de-activating spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms. Modern supermarkets would not exist without modern food processing techniques, and long voyages would not be possible. Processed foods are usually less susceptible to early spoilage than fresh foods and are better suited for long-distance transportation from

1170-459: The population is unemployed (close to the national average). There are 4 major hospitals in the province. With its railway line and road connection, the region forms the heart of the land-based trading route between northern Greece , Bulgaria and Romania . Since the early 2000s the province enjoys a mini boom in trade from thousands of Greek day-trippers from across the border, purchasing cheaper goods and services (dental, opticians, etc.). Since

1209-534: The province also has a regional Macedonian identity , distinct from the ethnic Macedonian identity of Macedonians in the Republic of North Macedonia . According to the 2011 Bulgarian census, there were 561 ethnic Macedonians (0.2%) in the Blagoevgrad Province, out of a total of 1,654 Macedonians in the entire country. During the same year, a total of 429 citizens of the Republic of North Macedonia resided in

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1248-517: The province is higher. However, the vast majority of these people do not permanently reside in the Blagoevgrad Province. Mother tongues in the province according to 2001 census: 306,118 Bulgarian ( 89.7%), 19,819 Turkish ( 5.8%), 9,232 Romani ( 2.7%) and 6004 others and unspecified ( 1.6%). Religious adherence in the province according to 2001 census: Most Muslims in the province are Bulgarian Muslims , also called Pomaks . That makes Blagoevgrad Province together with Smolyan Province and

1287-503: The province, PFC Pirin Blagoevgrad (as distinct from Pirin 1922), began the 2005/06 season in the highest Bulgarian division, but disbanded shortly afterwards due to financial problems. Owing to the alpine features and accessible location, the northern and eastern regionof Blagoevgrad Province is also a centre of winter sports . The main centre is Bansko which is becoming a leading skiing resort at European level with rapidly rising property prices. Food processing Food processing

1326-473: The province. Since registering a permanent residence in Bulgaria is a requirement for becoming naturalized in Bulgaria, a total of 18,000 Macedonian nationals were registered as residents in the Blagoevgrad Municipality alone by 2017. They are citizens of the Republic of North Macedonia , but have also Bulgarian citizenship , based on declared Bulgarian ethnic origin; their number in the whole of

1365-711: The region. The Struma motorway , which is planned to connect the capital Sofia with the Greek border and the port of Thessaloniki , is going to run through the valley of the Sruma River, and will be ready in a few years. The second project is the airport of Bansko . The cost is currently estimated at around € 30,000,000. Historical and archaeological monuments include the ruins of antique Thracian and Roman settlements, Early Christian basilicas, medieval Byzantine and Bulgarian towns, monasteries and fortresses, as well as many preserved buildings and whole villages — examples of

1404-496: The resulting foods are used so widely. However, many forms of processing contribute to improved food safety and longer shelf life before the food spoils. Commercial food processing uses control systems such as hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to reduce the risk of harm. Secondary food processing is the everyday process of creating food from ingredients that are ready to use. Baking bread , regardless of whether it

1443-515: The same until the advent of the Industrial Revolution . Examples of ready-meals also date back to before the preindustrial revolution, and include dishes such as Cornish pasty and Haggis . Both during ancient times and today in modern society these are considered processed foods. Modern food processing technology developed in the 19th and 20th centuries was developed in a large part to serve military needs. In 1809, Nicolas Appert invented

1482-491: The source to the consumer . When they were first introduced, some processed foods helped to alleviate food shortages and improved the overall nutrition of populations as it made many new foods available to the masses. Processing can also reduce the incidence of food-borne disease. Fresh materials, such as fresh produce and raw meats, are more likely to harbour pathogenic micro-organisms (e.g. Salmonella) capable of causing serious illnesses. The extremely varied modern diet

1521-558: The wine, beer, and milk preservation. In the 20th century, World War II , the space race and the rising consumer society in developed countries contributed to the growth of food processing with such advances as spray drying , evaporation , juice concentrates, freeze drying and the introduction of artificial sweeteners, colouring agents, and such preservatives as sodium benzoate . In the late 20th century, products such as dried instant soups, reconstituted fruits and juices, and self cooking meals such as MRE food ration were developed. By

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