46-599: Strange Wilderness is a 2008 American comedy adventure film produced by Adam Sandler 's production company Happy Madison Productions and distributed by Paramount Pictures . Directed by Fred Wolf , who also co-wrote the film with Peter Gaulke, the film stars Steve Zahn , Allen Covert , Jonah Hill , Kevin Heffernan , Ashley Scott , Peter Dante , Harry Hamlin , Robert Patrick , Joe Don Baker , Justin Long , Jeff Garlin , and Ernest Borgnine . Production took place in 2005 but
92-713: A camp sensibility lay behind the successful Carry On films , while in America subversive independent film-maker John Waters made camp films for college audiences with his drag queen friends that eventually found a mainstream audience. The success of the American television show Saturday Night Live drove decades of cinema with racier content allowed on television drawing on the program's stars and characters, with bigger successes including Wayne's World , Mean Girls , Ghostbusters and Animal House . Parody and joke-based films continue to find audiences. While comedic films are among
138-464: A human body or cattle in seconds. These legends refer specifically to the red-bellied piranha . Piranha solution , a dangerous mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide known to aggressively dissolve organic material, draws its name from these legends surrounding the piranha fish. A common falsehood is that they can be attracted by blood and are exclusively carnivores . A Brazilian legend called "piranha cattle" states that they sweep
184-419: A dentist. These incidents cause more funds to be drained. They arrive at Bill's cabin only to learn he already sold the map to Pierson. However, Bill makes a copy of the map from security cameras. He also enlists the help of renowned tracker Gus Hayden, but they are unable to pay him. While urinating in the bushes, Peter is attacked by a mother turkey , ending up with his penis inside its mouth. They rush him to
230-669: A drunk 18-year-old man was attacked and killed in Rosario del Yata, Bolivia . In 2012, a five-year-old Brazilian girl was attacked and killed by a shoal of P. nattereri . In January 2015, a six-year-old girl was found dead with signs of piranha bites on part of her body after her family canoe capsized during a vacation in Monte Alegre, Brazil. Whereas fatal attacks on humans are rare, piranhas will readily feed on bodies of people that already have died, such as drowning victims. Various stories exist about piranhas, such as how they can skeletonize
276-520: A fight within the group. One year later, Peter gets a visit from Milas who encourages him to revive Strange Wilderness . Peter gets everyone back together and they make an episode about the shark attack using footage of them vomiting into the shark's mouth at the scene of the incident as well as Danny getting his arm bitten by that shark. Peter and Fred show it to Lawson. Impressed with the footage, Lawson states to Pete that people love shark attacks. With Pierson dead, Lawson puts Strange Wilderness back on
322-456: A hospital to remove it from his penis. A wildlife ranger and a conservationist that "own" the turkey stop the doctor from cutting the turkey's head off, offering a $ 5,000 reward for the bird's return. Continuing their journey, they eventually reach Ecuador. There they meet up with Dick, an explorer and a friend of Bill who takes them to Gus Hayden. The next morning however, they wake up to find that Gus has left, stolen their equipment, and Cheryl
368-400: A recent analysis showed, if the piranha group is to be monophyletic , it should be restricted to Serrasalmus , Pygocentrus , and part of Pristobrycon , or expanded to include these taxa plus Pygopristis , Catoprion , and Pristobrycon striolatus . Pygopristis was found to be more closely related to Catoprion than the other three piranha genera. The total number of piranha species
414-438: A separate genre, but rather, provides a better understanding of the film. Piranha Catoprion Pristobrycon Pygocentrus Pygopristis Serrasalmus † Megapiranha A piranha or piraña ( / p ɪ ˈ r ɑː n j ə ˌ - r æ n / , or / p ɪ ˈ r ɑː n ə / ; Portuguese: [piˈɾɐ̃ɲɐ] , Spanish: [piˈɾaɲa] ) is any of a number of freshwater fish species in
460-463: A stressed situation such as the dense groups that may occur when the water is lower during the dry season and food is relatively scarce. Swimming near fishermen may increase the risk of attacks due to the commotion caused by struggling fish and the presence of bait in the water. Splashing attracts piranhas and for this reason children are more often attacked than adults. Being in the water when already injured or otherwise incapacitated also increases
506-401: Is common, not allowing the weaker fish to survive, and is distributed more widely when kept in larger groups. It is not uncommon to find individual piranhas with one eye missing due to a previous attack. Although often described as extremely dangerous in the media, piranhas typically do not represent a serious risk to humans. However, attacks have occurred, especially when the piranhas are in
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#1733085095572552-620: Is in 42nd place on the Metacritic list of the worst-reviewed films ever (with seven or more reviews). Joe Leydon of Variety called the film "a slovenly, slapped-together stoner comedy ". In his review for The New York Times , Matt Zoller Seitz wrote, "What rankles isn’t the gross-out humor or the verbal non sequiturs, which are expected, even welcome, in this sort of movie. It’s the smug sense of entitlement—that of intoxicated dweebs tittering endlessly and obnoxiously at their own supposed cleverness. Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle
598-436: Is missing. Though hesitant and with Peter not willing to give up, Dick agrees to lead the group through the jungle. During the night, Cheryl catches up with them and explains she saw Gus stealing their equipment and pretended to run off with him so she could get the map back. The next day while crossing the river, Dick is attacked and eaten by piranhas . Coming across Pierson's camp, they find he and his team have been killed by
644-444: Is the gold standard in this genre. Strange Wilderness is a counterfeit bill." Comedy film The comedy film is a film genre that emphasizes humor . These films are designed to amuse audiences and make them laugh. Films in this genre typically have a happy ending , with dark comedy being an exception to this rule. Comedy is one of the oldest genres in film, and it is derived from classical comedy in theatre . Some of
690-399: Is the host of an unsuccessful nature program called Strange Wilderness which was originally hosted by Peter's late father. One day, Peter and his sidekick/ soundman Fred Wolf are called in to K-Pip where they run into Sky Pierson, the host of a more successful wildlife show which is in the middle of a deal to be transferred to K-Pip. Peter and Fred are told by network head Ed Lawson about
736-668: Is unknown and contested, and new species continue to be described. Estimates range from fewer than 30 to more than 60. Piranhas are indigenous to the Amazon basin , in the Orinoco , in rivers of the Guianas , in the Paraguay – Paraná , and the São Francisco River systems, but there are major differences in the species richness . In a review where 38–39 piranha species were recognized, 25 were from
782-624: The Camayura and Shavante in Brazil and the Pacahuara in Bolivia. Piranhas are also popular as food, being both eaten as a subsistence catch by fishers and sold at market. However, they are often considered a nuisance by fishers because they steal bait, eat catches, damage fishing gear, and may bite when accidentally caught. Piranhas can be bought as pets in some areas, but they are illegal in many parts of
828-527: The United States . In many cases, however, reported captures of piranhas are misidentifications of pacu (e.g., red-bellied pacu or Piaractus brachypomus is frequently misidentified as red-bellied piranha or Pygocentrus nattereri ). Piranhas have also been discovered in the Kaptai Lake in southeast Bangladesh . Research is being carried out to establish how piranhas have moved to such distant corners of
874-488: The family Serrasalmidae , or the subfamily Serrasalminae within the tetra family, Characidae in order Characiformes . These fish inhabit South American rivers, floodplains , lakes and reservoirs. Although often described as extremely predatory and mainly feeding on fish, their dietary habits vary extensively, and they will also take plant material, leading to their classification as omnivorous . The name originates from Old Tupi pirãîa , being first attested in
920-555: The 1587 treatise Notícia do Brasil [ pt ] by Portuguese explorer Gabriel Soares de Sousa . Piranha first appears in 1869 in English literature, likely borrowed from Portuguese. Piranhas belong to the family Serrasalmidae , which includes closely related omnivorous fish such as pacus . Traditionally, only the four genera Pristobrycon , Pygocentrus , Pygopristis , and Serrasalmus are considered to be true piranhas, due to their specialized teeth. However,
966-668: The Amazon and 16 from Orinoco, while only three were present in Paraguay–Paraná and two in São Francisco. Most species are restricted to a single river system, but some (such as the red-bellied piranha) occur in several. Many species can occur together; for example, seven are found in Caño Maporal, a stream in Venezuela. Aquarium piranhas have been unsuccessfully introduced into parts of
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#17330850955721012-493: The North American box office. Strange Wilderness received highly negative reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gave it a 2% approval rating, based on 48 reviews with an average rating of 2.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, " Strange Wilderness is a laugh-free comedy that's both aimless and overly crass." On Metacritic , it has a weighted average score of 12 out 100 based on 12 reviews, indicating "overwhelming dislike". It
1058-564: The United States, and in the Philippines , where importers face six months to four years in jail, and the piranhas are destroyed to prevent proliferation. The most common aquarium piranha is Pygocentrus nattereri , the red-bellied piranha . Piranhas can be bought fully grown or as young, often no larger than a thumbnail. It is important to keep Pygocentrus piranhas alone or in groups of four or more, not in pairs, since aggression among them
1104-495: The air with Fred, equipment manager Lynn Cooker, driver Danny Gutierrez, camera man Junior, and his father's old friend/original cameraman Milas. Bill Calhoun, his dad's friend, brings him photos of Bigfoot hiding in Ecuador and a map to his cave. Pierson has offered $ 1,000 for the map. Unable to pay this, Peter tells Bill that he will have it in a week at his mountain cabin. Peter, Fred, Lynn, Danny, and Junior start preparing for
1150-523: The air. A postscript states that Strange Wilderness became successful again and dominated the 3:00 AM slot. Six months later, Peter's group went searching for the Loch Ness Monster where hilarity occurred in Scotland . They remain friends to this day. Strange Wilderness was released on February 1, 2008 by Paramount Pictures . It grossed $ 3 million over its first weekend, placing in the 13th spot in
1196-658: The earliest silent films were slapstick comedies , which often relied on visual depictions, such as sight gags and pratfalls, so they could be enjoyed without requiring sound. To provide drama and excitement to silent movies, live music was played in sync with the action on the screen, on pianos, organs, and other instruments. When sound films became more prevalent during the 1920s, comedy films grew in popularity, as laughter could result from both burlesque situations but also from humorous dialogue . Comedy, compared with other film genres , places more focus on individual star actors, with many former stand-up comics transitioning to
1242-403: The film did not receive a theatrical release until February 1, 2008. Strange Wilderness centers around the crew members of the titular fictional nature show heading to Ecuador to investigate a Bigfoot sighting in order to keep the show from being cancelled. The film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb , making less than $ 7 million against a $ 20 million budget. Peter Gaulke
1288-515: The film industry due to their popularity. In The Screenwriters Taxonomy (2017), Eric R. Williams contends that film genres are fundamentally based upon a film's atmosphere, character, and story, and therefore, the labels "drama" and "comedy" are too broad to be considered a genre. Instead, his taxonomy argues that comedy is a type of film that contains at least a dozen different sub-types. A number of hybrid genres have emerged, such as action comedy and romantic comedy . The first comedy film
1334-737: The first half of 2007 in an artificial lake which appeared after the damming of the Tocantins River . In the state of São Paulo , a series of attacks in 2009 in the Tietê River resulted in minor injuries to 15 people. In 2011, another series of attacks at José de Freitas in the Brazilian state of Piauí resulted in 100 people being treated for bites to their toes or heels. On 25 December 2013, more than 70 bathers were attacked at Rosario in Argentina, causing injuries to their hands or feet. In 2011,
1380-616: The largest confirmed specimens are considerably smaller. The extinct Megapiranha which lived 8–10 million years ago reached about 71 cm (28 in) long, and possibly even 128 cm (50 in). Serrasalmus , Pristobrycon , Pygocentrus , and Pygopristis are most easily recognized by their unique dentition . All piranhas have a single row of sharp teeth in both jaws. The teeth are tightly packed and interlocking (via small cusps ) and are used for rapid puncture and shearing. Individual teeth are typically broadly triangular, pointed, and blade-like (flat in profile). The variation in
1426-518: The local pygmies . The group then gathers the equipment and eventually reach Bigfoot's cave. While filming, a confused Bigfoot steps out and gets gunned down by the scared group. Not sure how to end the show in a good way later that night, Cooker comes up with the idea of showing Bigfoot committing suicide. The surviving members return to the studio to show Lawson their footage where they tried to resuscitate Bigfoot. Lawson berates them for their ridiculousness and cancels Strange Wilderness . This leads to
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1472-402: The long trip. They also bring in two more people: Whitaker, a former car mechanic now animal handler ; and Cheryl, a travel agent. Stopping to shoot footage of sea lions , Danny dresses up as a seal for better angles, gets attacked by a shark , and ends up hospitalized. Outside the hospital, Peter and Fred get into trouble with a local gang, get their front teeth knocked out, and have to go to
1518-478: The most forceful bites measured in vertebrates. This extremely powerful and dangerous bite is generated by large jaw muscles (adductor mandibulae) that are attached closely to the tip of the jaw, conferring the piranha with a mechanical advantage that favors force production over bite speed. Strong jaws combined with finely serrated teeth make them adept at tearing flesh. Piranhas vary extensively in ecology and behavior depending on exact species. Piranhas, especially
1564-743: The most popular with audiences at the box office, there is an 'historical bias against a close and serious consideration of comedy' when it comes to critical reception and conferring of awards, such as at the Academy Awards . Film writer Cailian Savage observes "Comedies have won Oscars, although they’ve usually been comedy-dramas, involved very depressing scenes, or appealed to stone-hearted drama lovers in some other way, such as Shakespeare in Love ." According to Williams' taxonomy , all film descriptions should contain their type (comedy or drama) combined with one (or more) sub-genres. This combination does not create
1610-477: The negative aspects of Strange Wilderness since the death of Peter's father like low ratings, poor content, inappropriate footage, referring to all indigenous peoples as pygmies aside from the littering, and bad things happening to people in footage like an alligator attack on someone and a guy at a peace rally who was on fire. Unless something big happens, Strange Wilderness will be cancelled in two weeks. Peter brainstorms ideas to keep Strange Wilderness on
1656-435: The number of cusps is minor. In most species, the teeth are tricuspid with a larger middle cusp which makes the individual teeth appear markedly triangular. The exception is Pygopristis , which has pentacuspid teeth and a middle cusp usually only slightly larger than the other cusps. Piranhas have one of the strongest bites found in bony fishes. Relative to body mass, the black piranha ( Serrasalmus rhombeus ) produces one of
1702-486: The red-bellied ( Pygocentrus nattereri ), have a reputation as ferocious predators that hunt their prey in schools. Recent research, however, which "started off with the premise that they school as a means of cooperative hunting", discovered they are timid fish that schooled for protection from their own predators, such as cormorants , caimans , and dolphins . Piranhas are "basically like regular fish with large teeth". A few other species may also occur in large groups, while
1748-502: The remaining are solitary or found in small groups. Although popularly described as highly predatory and primarily feeding on fish , piranha diets vary extensively, leading to their classification as omnivorous . In addition to fish (occasionally even their own species ), documented food items for piranhas include other vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles), invertebrates (insects, crustaceans), fruits, seeds, leaves and detritus . The diet often shifts with age and size. Research on
1794-418: The risk. There are sometimes warning signs at high-risk locations and beaches in such areas are sometimes protected by a barrier. Most piranha attacks on humans only result in minor injuries, typically to the feet or hands, but they are occasionally more serious and very rarely can be fatal. Near the city of Palmas in Brazil, 190 piranha attacks, all involving single bites to the feet, were reported in
1840-528: The rivers at high speed and attack the first of the cattle entering the water allowing the rest of the group to traverse the river. These legends were dismissed through research by Hélder Queiroz and Anne Magurran and published in Biology Letters . When former US President Theodore Roosevelt visited Brazil in 1913, he went on a hunting expedition through the Amazon Rainforest . While standing on
1886-618: The species Serrasalmus aff. brandtii and Pygocentrus nattereri in Viana Lake in Maranhão , which is formed during the wet season when the Pindaré River (a tributary of the Mearim River ) floods, has shown that they primarily feed on fish, but also eat vegetable matter. In another study of more than 250 Serrasalmus rhombeus at Ji-Paraná (Machado) River , 75% to 81% (depending on season) of
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1932-405: The stomach content was fish, but about 10% was fruits or seeds. In a few species such as Serrasalmus serrulatus , the dietary split may be more equal, but this is less certain as based on smaller samples: Among 24 S. serrulatus from flooded forests of Ji-Paraná (Machado) River, there were several with fish remains in their stomachs, but half contained masticated seeds and in most of these this
1978-508: The use of comedy film to make social statements by building their narratives around sensitive cultural, political or social issues. Such films include Dr Strangelove, or How I Learned to Love the Bomb , Guess Who's Coming to Dinner? and The Graduate . In America, the sexual revolution drove an appetite for comedies that celebrated and parodied changing social morals, including Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice and Fanny Hill . In Britain,
2024-629: The world from their original habitat. Some rogue exotic fish traders are thought to have released them in the lake to avoid being caught by antipoaching forces. Piranhas were also spotted in the Lijiang River in China . Depending on the exact species, most piranhas grow to between 12 and 35 cm (5–14 in) long. A few can grow larger, with the largest living species, the red-bellied , reaching up to 50 cm (20 in). There are claims of São Francisco piranhas at up to 60 cm (24 in), but
2070-414: Was L'Arroseur Arrosé (1895), directed and produced by film pioneer Louis Lumière . Less than a minute long, it shows a boy playing a prank on a gardener. The most notable comedy actors of the silent film era (1895–1927) were Charlie Chaplin , Harold Lloyd , and Buster Keaton , though they were able to make the transition into “ talkies ” after the 1920s. Film-makers in the 1960s skillfully employed
2116-703: Was the dominant item. Piranhas will often scavenge , and some species such as Serrasalmus elongatus are specialized scale-eaters , feeding primarily on scales and fins of other fish. Scale- and fin-eating is more widespread among juvenile and sub-adult piranhas. Piranhas lay their eggs in pits dug during the breeding season and swim around to protect them. Newly hatched young feed on zooplankton , and eventually move on to small fish once large enough. Piranha teeth are often used as tools themselves (such as for carving wood or cutting hair) or to modify other tools (such as sharpening of darts ). This practice has been documented among several South American tribes including
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