76-557: The Inns of Chancery or Hospida Cancellarie were a group of buildings and legal institutions in London initially attached to the Inns of Court and used as offices for the clerks of chancery , from which they drew their name. Existing from at least 1344, the Inns gradually changed their purpose, and became both the offices and accommodation for solicitors (as the Inns of Court were to barristers) and
152-419: A church or chapel attached to it and is a self-contained precinct where barristers traditionally train and practise. However, growth in the legal profession , together with a desire to practise from more modern accommodations and buildings with lower rents, caused many barristers' chambers to move outside the precincts of the Inns of Court in the late 20th century. During the 12th and early 13th centuries, law
228-419: A church or chapel attached to it and is a self-contained precinct where barristers traditionally train and practise. However, growth in the legal profession , together with a desire to practise from more modern accommodations and buildings with lower rents, caused many barristers' chambers to move outside the precincts of the Inns of Court in the late 20th century. During the 12th and early 13th centuries, law
304-463: A compulsory condition of licensure. Neither voluntary professional associations (including the American Inns of Court) nor mandatory bar associations typically have any role in training or licensing of law students that would be comparable to that function of the four English Inns of Court in selection and training of new barristers. While the American Inns of Court share a collegial relationship with
380-407: A compulsory condition of licensure. Neither voluntary professional associations (including the American Inns of Court) nor mandatory bar associations typically have any role in training or licensing of law students that would be comparable to that function of the four English Inns of Court in selection and training of new barristers. While the American Inns of Court share a collegial relationship with
456-406: A local law school, and another may be associated with a specific field of legal practice. American Inns of Court do not possess any real property. They are groups of judges, practising attorneys, law professors and students who meet regularly (usually monthly) to discuss and debate issues relating to legal ethics and professionalism. American Inn of Court meetings typically consist of a shared meal and
532-406: A local law school, and another may be associated with a specific field of legal practice. American Inns of Court do not possess any real property. They are groups of judges, practising attorneys, law professors and students who meet regularly (usually monthly) to discuss and debate issues relating to legal ethics and professionalism. American Inn of Court meetings typically consist of a shared meal and
608-473: A member of the Inn. Members were noted as "a wild lot" known for their drinking and parties. In its later years the Inn was a poor one, and had no library or chapel, with most of the funds being spent on repairs and maintenance for the building. Lyon's Inn was "a place of considerable antiquity", with records from 1413. Originally a hostel, it was purchased by the inhabitants and turned into an Inn of Chancery. Initially
684-733: A movement to create Inns of Court in the United States, loosely modelled after the traditional English Inns. In 1985, he and others established the American Inns of Court Foundation to promote and formally charter local Inns of Court across the United States. Each local Inn is devoted to promoting professionalism, civility, ethics, and legal skills amongst the American bench and bar, in a collegial setting, through continuing education and mentoring. At present, each major American city has more than one Inn of Court; for example, one Inn may be affiliated with
760-571: A movement to create Inns of Court in the United States, loosely modelled after the traditional English Inns. In 1985, he and others established the American Inns of Court Foundation to promote and formally charter local Inns of Court across the United States. Each local Inn is devoted to promoting professionalism, civility, ethics, and legal skills amongst the American bench and bar, in a collegial setting, through continuing education and mentoring. At present, each major American city has more than one Inn of Court; for example, one Inn may be affiliated with
836-472: A particular inn because he or she knows someone already a member, or it has a student association at their university. The inns' disciplinary functions are carried out by a joint Council of the Inns of Court, which administers the disciplinary tribunals. Barristers are prosecuted by the Bar Standards Board . The four inns are located near one another in central London, near the western boundary of
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#1733085558785912-411: A particular inn because he or she knows someone already a member, or it has a student association at their university. The inns' disciplinary functions are carried out by a joint Council of the Inns of Court, which administers the disciplinary tribunals. Barristers are prosecuted by the Bar Standards Board . The four inns are located near one another in central London, near the western boundary of
988-502: A place of initial training for barristers . The practice of training barristers at the Inns of Chancery had died out by 1642, and the Inns instead became dedicated associations and offices for solicitors. With the founding of the Society of Gentleman Practisers in 1739 and the Law Society of England and Wales in 1825, a single unified professional association for solicitors, the purpose of
1064-460: A programme presented by one of the Inn's pupillage teams. The U.S. does not require attorneys to be members of an Inn of Court, and many of the equivalent functions are performed by state bar associations . Some states require attorneys to belong to the official bar association, e.g., the State Bar of Michigan, while other states, such as Illinois, do not make membership of an official bar association
1140-408: A programme presented by one of the Inn's pupillage teams. The U.S. does not require attorneys to be members of an Inn of Court, and many of the equivalent functions are performed by state bar associations . Some states require attorneys to belong to the official bar association, e.g., the State Bar of Michigan, while other states, such as Illinois, do not make membership of an official bar association
1216-436: A small but respected Inn that educated people as noted as Sir Edward Coke , Lyon's Inn became a disreputable institution that "perished of public contempt long before it came to the hammer and the pick". By the time it was dissolved it was inhabited only by the lowest lawyers and those struck off the rolls, and when surveyed it was found that it was run by only two Ancients, neither of whom had any idea what their duties were, and
1292-569: A small class of senior barristers called serjeants-at-law , who were selected from the members of the other four inns and had exclusive rights of audience in certain Courts. Their pre-eminence was affected by the new rank of King's Counsel , which was granted to barristers who were not serjeants. The serjeant's privileges were withdrawn by the government in the 19th century, no more serjeants were appointed, and they eventually died out. The area now known as Serjeants' Inn, one of two sites formerly occupied by
1368-520: A small class of senior barristers called serjeants-at-law , who were selected from the members of the other four inns and had exclusive rights of audience in certain Courts. Their pre-eminence was affected by the new rank of King's Counsel , which was granted to barristers who were not serjeants. The serjeant's privileges were withdrawn by the government in the 19th century, no more serjeants were appointed, and they eventually died out. The area now known as Serjeants' Inn, one of two sites formerly occupied by
1444-409: A year during the reign of Elizabeth I with 24 in permanent residence. When it was an institute of legal education, it enforced the odd practice of fining a student when he got something wrong: a halfpenny for a defective word, a farthing for a defective syllable and a penny for an improper word. Barnard's was under the supervision of Gray's Inn, who traditionally sent a Reader to the Inn every year, who
1520-403: Is considered to be the next oldest, and several legal historians mistakenly considered it the oldest of them all. For several centuries, education at one of the Inns of Chancery was the first step towards becoming a barrister . A student would first join one of the Inns of Chancery, where he would be taught in the form of moots and rote learning . He would also be taught by Readers sent from
1596-486: Is denied by other writers.) Many Inns were originally independent of the Inns of Court, and fell in and out of allegiance with them, with some claiming independence right up to the nineteenth century. Most Inns became directly attached to Inns of Court during the sixteenth century, however, when the Inns of Court began charging higher acceptance fees to students trained in independent Inns of Chancery than they did to students trained in "their" Inns of Chancery. Clement's Inn
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#17330855587851672-409: Is similar to that of an Oxbridge college. The chambers were originally used as residences as well as business premises by many of the barristers, but today they serve as offices with only a small number of apartments. Another important inn, Serjeants' Inn , was dissolved in 1877 and its assets were, controversially, distributed amongst the existing members. The membership of the Inn had consisted of
1748-409: Is similar to that of an Oxbridge college. The chambers were originally used as residences as well as business premises by many of the barristers, but today they serve as offices with only a small number of apartments. Another important inn, Serjeants' Inn , was dissolved in 1877 and its assets were, controversially, distributed amongst the existing members. The membership of the Inn had consisted of
1824-522: The Bar Professional Training Course , but do provide supplementary education during the 'Bar School' year, pupillage and the early years of practice. All prospective Bar School students must be a member of one of the four Inns, and must attend ten (formerly twelve) 'qualifying sessions' before being eligible to qualify as a barrister. Qualifying sessions traditionally comprise formal dinners followed by law-related talks, but increasingly
1900-448: The Bar Professional Training Course , but do provide supplementary education during the 'Bar School' year, pupillage and the early years of practice. All prospective Bar School students must be a member of one of the four Inns, and must attend ten (formerly twelve) 'qualifying sessions' before being eligible to qualify as a barrister. Qualifying sessions traditionally comprise formal dinners followed by law-related talks, but increasingly
1976-576: The City of London . Nearby are the Royal Courts of Justice , which were moved for convenience from Westminster Hall to the legal quarter of London in 1882. Middle Temple and Inner Temple are liberties of the City of London, which means they are within the historic boundaries of the City but are not subject to its jurisdiction. They operate as their own local authorities. These two Inns neighbour each other and occupy
2052-429: The City of London . Nearby are the Royal Courts of Justice , which were moved for convenience from Westminster Hall to the legal quarter of London in 1882. Middle Temple and Inner Temple are liberties of the City of London, which means they are within the historic boundaries of the City but are not subject to its jurisdiction. They operate as their own local authorities. These two Inns neighbour each other and occupy
2128-535: The legal terms . Prior to the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, this training lasted at least seven years; subsequently, the Inns focused their residency requirements on dining together in the company of experienced barristers, to enable learning through contact and networking with experts. In the mid-18th century the common law was first recognised as a subject for study in the universities, and by 1872 bar examinations became compulsory for entry into
2204-476: The legal terms . Prior to the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, this training lasted at least seven years; subsequently, the Inns focused their residency requirements on dining together in the company of experienced barristers, to enable learning through contact and networking with experts. In the mid-18th century the common law was first recognised as a subject for study in the universities, and by 1872 bar examinations became compulsory for entry into
2280-594: The English Inns, there is no formal or legal relationship. A Declaration of Friendship was signed by the English and American Inns of Court, establishing visitation procedures under which American Inn members can acquire a letter of introduction that will officially introduce them to the Inns in England and Ireland, with reciprocal procedures available for English and Irish barristers. An annual six-week exchange program, known as
2356-439: The English Inns, there is no formal or legal relationship. A Declaration of Friendship was signed by the English and American Inns of Court, establishing visitation procedures under which American Inn members can acquire a letter of introduction that will officially introduce them to the Inns in England and Ireland, with reciprocal procedures available for English and Irish barristers. An annual six-week exchange program, known as
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2432-457: The Inn had not dined for over a century. The Inn was dissolved in 1863, pulled down in 1868 and replaced with the third Globe Theatre . Clifford's Inn was the oldest of the Inns of Chancery, and was first mentioned in 1344. Although generally considered a dependent of the Inner Temple, its members always maintained that they were independent. As a note of that "independence" it became custom for
2508-400: The Inn of Court that his Inn of Chancery was attached to, who would preside over the moots and discuss cases with the students. At the end of each legal term, particularly promising students would be transferred to the parent Inn of Court and begin the next stage of their education. By 1461 there were approximately 100 students studying at the Inns of Chancery at any one time. At the same time,
2584-454: The Inner Temple to send them a message once a year, which would be received but deliberately not replied to. Their coat of arms was a modified form of the Clifford family arms, with "cheque or and azure, a fess gules, a bordure, bezantée, of the third." Noted students include John Selden ; Sir Edward Coke was also said to have studied there, but historical records find no evidence of this, and he
2660-646: The Inner Temple); Strand Inn and New Inn (attached to the Middle Temple); Furnival's Inn and Thavie's Inn (attached to Lincoln's Inn); and Staple Inn and Barnard's Inn (attached to Gray's Inn). There is also an Inn of Court of Northern Ireland . In the Republic of Ireland , there is only one Inn of Court, the Honorable Society of King's Inns . From the late 1970s, U.S. Chief Justice Warren Burger led
2736-425: The Inner Temple); Strand Inn and New Inn (attached to the Middle Temple); Furnival's Inn and Thavie's Inn (attached to Lincoln's Inn); and Staple Inn and Barnard's Inn (attached to Gray's Inn). There is also an Inn of Court of Northern Ireland . In the Republic of Ireland , there is only one Inn of Court, the Honorable Society of King's Inns . From the late 1970s, U.S. Chief Justice Warren Burger led
2812-474: The Inns died out, and after a long period of decline the last one ( Clement's Inn ) was sold in 1903 and demolished in 1934. The Inns of Chancery evolved in tandem with the Inns of Court . During the 12th and early 13th centuries the law was taught in the City of London , primarily by the clergy. But during the 13th century an event occurred which ended legal education by the Church. A papal bull in 1218 prohibited
2888-533: The Inns of Chancery was used as accommodation and offices by solicitors , the other branch of the English legal profession. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the purpose of the Inns changed. After the outbreak of the First English Civil War in 1642, the practice of teaching barristers in the Inns ceased, and as a result the Inns of Chancery became a dedicated association for solicitors instead, offering offices and accommodation. The foundation of
2964-534: The Inns of Court have rallied to the defence of the realm during times of crisis. That tradition continues to the present, in that 10 Stone Buildings in Lincoln's Inn has been the permanent home of the Inns of Court & City Yeomanry since the building was freed up by the abolition of the Clerks of Chancery in 1842. Each of the four Inns of Court has three ordinary grades of membership: students, barristers, and masters of
3040-435: The Inns of Court have rallied to the defence of the realm during times of crisis. That tradition continues to the present, in that 10 Stone Buildings in Lincoln's Inn has been the permanent home of the Inns of Court & City Yeomanry since the building was freed up by the abolition of the Clerks of Chancery in 1842. Each of the four Inns of Court has three ordinary grades of membership: students, barristers, and masters of
3116-434: The Inns of Court include Gorboduc , Gismund of Salerne (1561), and The Misfortunes of Arthur (1588). An example of a famous masque put on by the Inns was James Shirley ’s The Triumph of Peace (1634). Shakespeare ’s The Comedy of Errors ( c. 1594 ) and Twelfth Night ( c. 1602 ) were also performed at the Inns, although written for commercial theatre. Since at least 1584, members of
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3192-434: The Inns of Court include Gorboduc , Gismund of Salerne (1561), and The Misfortunes of Arthur (1588). An example of a famous masque put on by the Inns was James Shirley ’s The Triumph of Peace (1634). Shakespeare ’s The Comedy of Errors ( c. 1594 ) and Twelfth Night ( c. 1602 ) were also performed at the Inns, although written for commercial theatre. Since at least 1584, members of
3268-550: The Inns which they joined as students and belonged to as barristers. This has had the effect of making the majority of the Masters of the Bench senior judges, either because they become benchers when appointed as judges, or because they become judges after being appointed as benchers. There were also several Inns of Chancery . These are not Inns of Court but are associated to them: Clement's Inn , Clifford's Inn and Lyon's Inn (attached to
3344-452: The Inns which they joined as students and belonged to as barristers. This has had the effect of making the majority of the Masters of the Bench senior judges, either because they become benchers when appointed as judges, or because they become judges after being appointed as benchers. There were also several Inns of Chancery . These are not Inns of Court but are associated to them: Clement's Inn , Clifford's Inn and Lyon's Inn (attached to
3420-783: The Pegasus Scholarships, was created to provide for young English barristers to travel to the United States, and young American Inn of Court members to travel to London, to learn about the legal system of the other jurisdiction. Inns of Court The Inns of Court in London are the professional associations for barristers in England and Wales . There are four Inns of Court: Gray's Inn , Lincoln's Inn , Inner Temple and Middle Temple . All barristers must belong to one of them. They have supervisory and disciplinary functions over their members. The Inns also provide libraries, dining facilities and professional accommodation. Each also has
3496-507: The Serjeants (the other being in Chancery Lane), was purchased by the Inner Temple in 2002. It was formerly the custom for senior judges to join Serjeants' Inn, thereby leaving the Inn in which they had practised as barristers. This meant that the Masters of the Bench of the four barristers' Inns of Court were mostly themselves barristers. Since there is now no Serjeants' Inn, judges remain in
3572-399: The Serjeants (the other being in Chancery Lane), was purchased by the Inner Temple in 2002. It was formerly the custom for senior judges to join Serjeants' Inn, thereby leaving the Inn in which they had practised as barristers. This meant that the Masters of the Bench of the four barristers' Inns of Court were mostly themselves barristers. Since there is now no Serjeants' Inn, judges remain in
3648-506: The Society of Gentlemen Practisers and Law Society of England and Wales in 1739 and 1825 respectively as professional bodies for the solicitors profession relegated the Inns of Chancery to little more than eccentric dining clubs, and they were gradually dissolved and sold. In 1897 a popular book reported that nobody could remember the purpose of the buildings and that an 1850 investigation had failed to uncover their origins. The last Inn to be sold
3724-445: The bench or " benchers ". The benchers constitute the governing body for each Inn and appoint new members from among existing barrister members. As a rule, any barrister member of the inn is eligible for appointment. In practice, appointments are made of senior members of the Bar, usually KCs , or High Court judges or those who carry out work on behalf of the Inn, be it on committees or through
3800-399: The bench or " benchers ". The benchers constitute the governing body for each Inn and appoint new members from among existing barrister members. As a rule, any barrister member of the inn is eligible for appointment. In practice, appointments are made of senior members of the Bar, usually KCs , or High Court judges or those who carry out work on behalf of the Inn, be it on committees or through
3876-510: The centuries, the four Inns of Court became where barristers were trained, while the more numerous Inns of Chancery – which were initially affiliated to the Inns of Court – became associated with the training of solicitors in the Elizabethan era . The four Inns of Court are: Lawyers have lived and worked in the Temple since 1320. In 1337 the premises were divided into the Inner Temple, where
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#17330855587853952-409: The centuries, the four Inns of Court became where barristers were trained, while the more numerous Inns of Chancery – which were initially affiliated to the Inns of Court – became associated with the training of solicitors in the Elizabethan era . The four Inns of Court are: Lawyers have lived and worked in the Temple since 1320. In 1337 the premises were divided into the Inner Temple, where
4028-404: The clergy from practising in the secular, common law courts. As a result, law began to be practised and taught by laymen instead of by clerics. To protect their schools from competition, Henry II and Henry III issued proclamations prohibiting the teaching of the civil law within the City of London. These schools were based in hostels or "inns", which later took their name from the landlord of
4104-646: The core of the Temple area. The closest Tube station is Temple . Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn are in the London Borough of Camden (formerly in the Borough of Holborn ) near the boundary with the City of London. They do not have the status of a local authority. The nearest Tube station is Chancery Lane . Each Inn is a substantial complex with a great hall , chapel, libraries, sets of chambers for many hundreds of barristers, and gardens, and covers several acres. The layout
4180-492: The core of the Temple area. The closest Tube station is Temple . Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn are in the London Borough of Camden (formerly in the Borough of Holborn ) near the boundary with the City of London. They do not have the status of a local authority. The nearest Tube station is Chancery Lane . Each Inn is a substantial complex with a great hall , chapel, libraries, sets of chambers for many hundreds of barristers, and gardens, and covers several acres. The layout
4256-565: The great fire of London and were rebuilt in the seventeenth century, and again in the nineteenth. The Inn was shut down and the building sold to the Prudential Assurance Company in 1884, and part of it is now used as the headquarters of the Institute of Actuaries . Barnard's Inn, originally known as Mackworth's Inn after its owner, John Mackworth , was established in 1454 as an Inn of Chancery. A large Inn, Barnard's had 112 students
4332-454: The inn in question. The Inns of Chancery sprung up around the Inns of Court, and took their name and original purpose from the chancery clerks, who used the buildings as hostels and offices where they would draft their writs. As with the Inns of Court the precise dates of founding of the Inns of Chancery are unknown, but the one commonly said to be the oldest is Clifford's Inn , which existed from at least 1344. Thavie's Inn , founded in 1349,
4408-453: The inns offer training weekends that may count for several sessions' worth of attendance. The Inns still retain the sole right to call qualified students to the bar, which is associated with a graduation ceremony ('Call Day'). Prospective students may choose which Inn to apply to for membership, but can only apply to one Inn for scholarships. It makes no long-term difference which Inn a barrister joins; an applicant might, for example, choose
4484-453: The inns offer training weekends that may count for several sessions' worth of attendance. The Inns still retain the sole right to call qualified students to the bar, which is associated with a graduation ceremony ('Call Day'). Prospective students may choose which Inn to apply to for membership, but can only apply to one Inn for scholarships. It makes no long-term difference which Inn a barrister joins; an applicant might, for example, choose
4560-554: The lawyers resided, and Middle Temple, which was also occupied by lawyers by 1346. Lincoln's Inn, the largest, is able to trace its official records to 1422. The records of Gray's Inn begin in 1569, but teaching is thought to have begun there in the late-fourteenth century. In 1620 a meeting of senior judges decided that all four Inns would be equal in order of precedence . In the 16th century and earlier, students or apprentices learned their craft primarily by attending court sessions and by sharing both accommodation and education during
4636-554: The lawyers resided, and Middle Temple, which was also occupied by lawyers by 1346. Lincoln's Inn, the largest, is able to trace its official records to 1422. The records of Gray's Inn begin in 1569, but teaching is thought to have begun there in the late-fourteenth century. In 1620 a meeting of senior judges decided that all four Inns would be equal in order of precedence . In the 16th century and earlier, students or apprentices learned their craft primarily by attending court sessions and by sharing both accommodation and education during
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#17330855587854712-642: The profession of law. The Inns played an important role in the history of the English Renaissance theatre . Notable literary figures and playwrights who resided in the Inns of Court included John Donne (1572-1631), Francis Beaumont (1584-1616), John Marston (1576-1634), Thomas Lodge ( c. 1558 -1625), Thomas Campion (1567-1620), Abraham Fraunce ( c. 1559- c. 1593), Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586), Sir Thomas More (1478-1535), Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626), and George Gascoigne ( c. 1535 -1577). Plays written and performed in
4788-581: The profession of law. The Inns played an important role in the history of the English Renaissance theatre . Notable literary figures and playwrights who resided in the Inns of Court included John Donne (1572-1631), Francis Beaumont (1584-1616), John Marston (1576-1634), Thomas Lodge ( c. 1558 -1625), Thomas Campion (1567-1620), Abraham Fraunce ( c. 1559- c. 1593), Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586), Sir Thomas More (1478-1535), Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626), and George Gascoigne ( c. 1535 -1577). Plays written and performed in
4864-401: The teaching of the civil law within the City of London. The common-law lawyers worked in guilds of law, modelled on trade guilds , which in time became the Inns of Court. In the earliest centuries of their existence, beginning with the 14th century, the Inns were any of a sizeable number of buildings or precincts where lawyers traditionally lodged, trained and carried on their profession. Over
4940-401: The teaching of the civil law within the City of London. The common-law lawyers worked in guilds of law, modelled on trade guilds , which in time became the Inns of Court. In the earliest centuries of their existence, beginning with the 14th century, the Inns were any of a sizeable number of buildings or precincts where lawyers traditionally lodged, trained and carried on their profession. Over
5016-472: The training of students and other junior members. The senior bencher of each Inn is the Treasurer, a position which is held for one year only. Each Inn usually also has at least one royal bencher. They may also appoint honorary benchers, from academics, the world of politics and overseas judiciary. The Inns of Court no longer provide all the education and training needed by prospective barristers, who must pass
5092-420: The training of students and other junior members. The senior bencher of each Inn is the Treasurer, a position which is held for one year only. Each Inn usually also has at least one royal bencher. They may also appoint honorary benchers, from academics, the world of politics and overseas judiciary. The Inns of Court no longer provide all the education and training needed by prospective barristers, who must pass
5168-455: Was Clement's Inn , which was sold in 1903, and demolished in 1934. John Fortescue wrote of ten Inns of Chancery, each one attached to an Inn of Court "like Maids of Honour to a Princess". Only nine are known of in detail; the other was St George's Inn. The ten Inns were: (An eleventh Inn of Chancery, the Outer Temple , was said to exist by the legal historian John Baker in 2008. This
5244-475: Was absorbed into that Inn. Thomas Occleve was said to have studied at Strand Inn. New Inn was founded in the late 15th century on the premises of Our Lady Inn, a hostel. Noted students included Sir Thomas More , who attended New Inn before going to Lincoln's Inn . The buildings of New Inn were pulled down in 1902 to make way for a road between Holborn and the Strand . After the destruction of Strand Inn, New Inn
5320-586: Was always associated with Lyon's Inn more than Clifford's. The first lawyers to occupy the premises which later became the Middle Temple came from St George's Inn, arriving by 1346. The inn was later deserted in favour of New Inn. Strand Inn, also called Chester Inn, was the shortest lived of the Inns of Chancery. Founded in the fifteenth century it was pulled down in the 1540s by Lord Somerset in his role as Lord Protector so that he could build Somerset House . The students instead went to New Inn, and Strand Inn
5396-475: Was founded around 1349. It was sold in 1769. Lawyers from Thavie's Inn were the first to occupy the premises which became Inner Temple in the 1320s. Staple Inn dated from at least 1415, and was originally an inn where wool merchants stayed and haggled. In reference to this, the Inn coat of arms contained a bale of wool. During the reign of Elizabeth I it was the largest of the Inns of Chancery, with 145 students and 69 as permanent residents. The buildings survived
5472-634: Was taught in the City of London , primarily by the clergy. But a papal bull in 1218 prohibited the clergy from practising in the secular courts (where the English common law system operated, as opposed to the Roman civil law functioning in the Church 's ecclesiastical courts ). As a result, law began to be practised and taught by laymen instead of by clerics. To protect their schools from competition, first Henry II ( r. 1154–1189 ) and later Henry III ( r. 1216–1272 ) issued proclamations prohibiting
5548-538: Was taught in the City of London , primarily by the clergy. But a papal bull in 1218 prohibited the clergy from practising in the secular courts (where the English common law system operated, as opposed to the Roman civil law functioning in the Church 's ecclesiastical courts ). As a result, law began to be practised and taught by laymen instead of by clerics. To protect their schools from competition, first Henry II ( r. 1154–1189 ) and later Henry III ( r. 1216–1272 ) issued proclamations prohibiting
5624-525: Was the last to be dissolved, being shut down in 1903. Located near St Clement Danes , the Inn was also named after Saint Clement and took as its coat of arms his, with a large letter C in sable . The buildings were completely rebuilt in the 19th century in the Queen Anne Style . Noted members included Sir Edmund Saunders , and William Shakespeare made Justice Shallow , a character in Henry IV, Part 2 ,
5700-474: Was the only Inn of Chancery left attached to the Middle Temple. Furnival's Inn was founded before or during the reign of Henry IV and named after the Lords Furnival. During the 1820s the Inn was completely rebuilt. Noted tenants include Charles Dickens , who began to write The Pickwick Papers whilst living there. The Inn was demolished in 1897. Thavie's Inn was the second oldest Inn of Chancery, and
5776-908: Was treated with great respect. Noted pupils included Sir John Holt , later a distinguished jurist. The Inn was badly damaged in the Gordon Riots after a rioter set fire to the distillery next door. In 1880 it was bought by the Worshipful Company of Mercers and used to house the Mercers' School . Inns of Court The Inns of Court in London are the professional associations for barristers in England and Wales . There are four Inns of Court: Gray's Inn , Lincoln's Inn , Inner Temple and Middle Temple . All barristers must belong to one of them. They have supervisory and disciplinary functions over their members. The Inns also provide libraries, dining facilities and professional accommodation. Each also has
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