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42-460: The race is named after Lord Stradbroke, relative to Henry John Rous , originator of the weight-for-age scale in thoroughbred racing. Five two-year-olds have won the race, the last was Wiggle, carrying 7 stone 5 pounds (~46.5 kg) in 1958. The 1,400 metre race and track record is 1:20.2 established by Toledo in 1998. Between 1982 and 1988 the race was known as the Elders Handicap. In 1890

84-599: A coastline length of 254.2 kilometres (158.0 mi). The highest peak is Sv. Nikola, at 628 metres (2,060 ft). The island is part of Split-Dalmatia County in Dalmatia , Croatia. The island has two towns ( Hvar and Stari Grad ) and two municipalities ( Jelsa and Sućuraj ). Population figures are from 2021. The climate of Hvar is hot-summer Mediterranean ( Csa in the Köppen climate classification ). It has mild winters and hot summers. The yearly average air temperature

126-687: A major industry for the island in the Middle Ages. The island eventually again fell under Byzantine rule, and then under the Kingdom of Croatia and Hungary. In 1331 the Venetians put the island under protection from threats of piracy. According to the 1358 Treaty of Zadar , the island was handed over to the Kingdom of Hungary . For short time in the summer of 1390, it was held by the Bosnian king Stephen Tvrtko I . In 1409,

168-487: A part of People's Republic of Croatia , a constituent republic of Communist Yugoslavia . Ivan Vučetić , the man who perfected dactyloscopy at the turn of the 20th century, came from Hvar island. In the 21st century, Hvar's citizens include football player Igor Tudor and politician Tonči Tadić . Residents of Hvar mostly work in the fishing and tourism industries. Hvar has a very mild Mediterranean climate , several beaches and Mediterranean vegetation that make it one of

210-561: Is " Csa " (Mediterranean Climate). The first inhabitants of Hvar Island were Neolithic people who probably established trade links between Hvar and the eastern shores of the Mediterranean . The Hvar Culture lasted from 3500 to 2500 B.C. Beginning in the 4th century BC, the Greeks colonized the island. In 384 BC the Greek colonisers of Pharos defeated Iadasinoi warriors and their allies, invited by

252-590: Is 16 °C (61 °F), 703 mm (27.7 in) of precipitation fall on Hvar on average every year and the town has a total of 2800 sunshine hours per year. For comparison Hvar has an average of 7.7 sunshine hours per day while Dubrovnik has 7.2. The sea temperatures average from the lowest readings in February of 14 °C (57 °F) to their warmest during summer, when the sea temperatures usually stay between 23 °C (73 °F) to 27 °C (81 °F). The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate

294-626: Is known as Rous County , although counties are not widely recognised in Australia and are mainly used for cadastral purposes. While in Moreton Bay , he named the Rous Channel, Dunwich , and Stradbroke Island , after his family titles, and influenced the naming of Ipswich, Queensland . Rous returned to England in August 1829 and, from November 1834, commanded the frigate Pique . His ship ran ashore on

336-506: Is the cultivation of lavender , used for aromatic oils and soaps. Hvar is often called the "island of lavender". Hvar is also one of the two most famous winemaking zones in Croatia. Vineyards on the southern side of the island are famous for red wines produced from the Plavac Mali grape. The central plain between Stari Grad and Jelsa is famous for its white wines. As a Greek colony ,

378-472: The Dalmatian coast, lying between the islands of Brač , Vis and Korčula . Approximately 68 kilometres (42.25 mi) long, with a high east–west ridge of Mesozoic limestone and dolomite , the island of Hvar is unusual in the area for having a large fertile coastal plain, and fresh water springs. Its hillsides are covered in pine forests, with vineyards, olive groves, fruit orchards and lavender fields in

420-630: The Stari Grad Plain , now a UNESCO World Heritage Site . In medieval times, the town of Hvar rose to importance within the Venetian Empire as a major naval base. Prosperity brought culture and the arts, with one of the first public theatres in Europe, nobles' palaces and many fine communal buildings. The 16th century was an unsettled time, with the Hvar Rebellion , coastal raids by pirates and

462-504: The Venetian government , together with French xebec Tisiphone and two gunboats and, on 6 January 1813, the boats of Bacchante and the sloop Weazel successfully captured five enemy gun-vessels in the neighbourhood of Otranto . On 15 May 1813, he assisted at the capture and destruction of the castle and batteries of Karlobag and, on 12 June, he commanded the Bacchante ' s yawl in

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504-685: The sixth-rate Hind in the Mediterranean from February 1822. Rous was promoted to post-captain on 25 April 1823 and, from July 1825, commanded Rainbow in the East Indies . He visited Australia and, in April 1827, organised Sydney 's first regatta . In August 1828, he explored the Tweed , and explored and named the Richmond River , both in north-eastern New South Wales . The area between those rivers

546-689: The Baltic. In March 1811, he joined Tonnant , Captain John Gore , employed off Lisbon and in the Channel and, from December 1811, he served in the frigate Bacchante , Captain William Hoste , taking part in the Adriatic campaign . There Rous took part in numerous actions. On the night of 31 August 1812 he was involved in the cutting out from the port of Lema, near Venice, of seven vessels loaded with ship timbers for

588-471: The French perfume industry. However, this prosperity did not continue into the 20th century as wooden sailing boats went out of fashion, and the phylloxera blight hit wine production. Many islanders left to make a new life elsewhere. One industry, tourism , has however continued to grow and is now a significant contributor to the island's economy. The formation of The Hygienic Association of Hvar in 1868 for

630-798: The Hvar Channel ( Hvarski kanal ), to the west is Vis , separated by the Vis Channel, and to the south Korčula lies across the Korčula Channel, while the Pelješac Peninsula is across the Neretva Channel. The eastern end of Hvar is just 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the mainland. Along the southern coast of the island there are several smaller islands, notably the Paklinski islands at the western end and Šćedro island, while Zečevo island lies off

672-650: The Hvar indigenes in their resistance to the Greek colonization. The first coins which Pharos minted after the war depicted a goat standing opposed to a snake. The two animals symbolize the Pharian Greeks (goat) and the Illyrians (snake). Their victory over much larger forces was immortalized in one of the oldest known inscriptions of Croatia. Following Roman victory in the Second Illyrian War against Demetrius of Pharos ,

714-428: The Mediterranean. From January 1817, he served aboard Conqueror , the flagship of Rear-Admiral Robert Plampin at Saint Helena and, on 2 August, was appointed acting- commander of the 14-gun sloop Podargus . His promotion being confirmed on 26 November 1817, he was then appointed to Mosquito , finally returning to England in mid-1819. He then commanded the brig-sloop Sappho at Cork from November 1821, and

756-853: The Navy on 28 January 1808 as first-class volunteer on board the Royal William , under the command of Captain the Honourable Courtenay Boyle , and the flagship of Sir George Montagu , the Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth . In February 1809, he moved into the 74-gun Repulse , Captain the Hon. Arthur Kaye Legge . After taking part in the Walcheren Campaign , in November 1809 he became a midshipman aboard Victory , flagship of Sir James Saumarez in

798-570: The Ottoman army from the mainland, resulting in some unusual fortified buildings on the northern shore to protect the local population. After a brief time under Napoleonic rule , the island became part of the Austrian Empire , a more peaceful and prosperous time. On the coast, harbours were expanded, quays built, fishing and boat building businesses grew. At the same time, the island's wine exports increased, along with lavender and rosemary production for

840-636: The Republic of Venice finally again became its long-term owner. The island became prosperous from fishing, and the cultivation of rosemary, lavender and olives. Hvar is important to the history of Croatia as it was one of the centres of Croatian literature during the Renaissance , with writers such as Petar Hektorović and Hanibal Lucić . In Stari Grad, tourists can see the Petar Hektorović fortress/villa called Tvrdalj Castle , architectonically designed by

882-557: The Retired List on 6 June 1863. Admiral Rous died at 13 Berkeley Square in London on 19 June 1877. He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery , London. Hvar Hvar ( pronounced [xvâːr] ; Chakavian : Hvor or For , Greek : Φάρος , romanized :  Pharos , Latin : Pharia , Italian : Lesina ) is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea , located off

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924-569: The Stradbroke Handicap was a Principal race run over six furlongs (~1,200m), when it was won by Pyrrhus. The distance was changed in 1953 to 7 furlongs and in 1972 to the current distance of 1,400 metres. Due to track reconstruction of Eagle Farm Racecourse for the 2014–15 racing season the event was transferred to Doomben Racecourse over a slightly shorter distance of 1350 metres. † Dead heat Henry John Rous Admiral Henry John Rous (23 January 1795 – 19 June 1877)

966-715: The Turf . The Rous Memorial Stakes was named in his honour. In the general election of July 1841 , he was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Westminster and, in February 1846, The Sir Robert Peel appointed him Fourth Naval Lord , in which post he served only until July. The appointment triggered a by-election, which Rous lost to the Liberal candidate, George de Lacy Evans , whom he had defeated in 1841. Though no longer an active serving officer, Rous's seniority saw him promoted to rear admiral on 17 December 1852, to vice admiral on 5 January 1858, and to admiral on

1008-543: The agricultural areas. The climate is characterized by mild winters, and warm summers with many hours of sunshine. The island has 10,678 residents according to the 2021 census, making it the fourth most populated of the Croatian islands . Hvar's location at the north east centre of the Adriatic sailing routes has long made this island an important base for commanding trade up and down the Adriatic, across to Italy and throughout

1050-431: The assistance of visitors to the island has been instrumental in developing an infrastructure of hotels, apartments, restaurants, marinas, museums, galleries and cafés . Today, the island of Hvar is a tourist destination, consistently listed in the top 10 islands by Conde Nast Traveler magazine. The island of Hvar is located in the Adriatic Sea , off the Dalmatian coast. To the north, the island of Brač lies across

1092-459: The buoyancy of her cargo. Rous and his prize crew were eventually rescued by another prize around 4 a.m. In 1814, Rous participated in the capture of Rovigno , the island of Lesina , and the fortresses of Cattaro and Ragusa . On 18 May 1814, he was promoted to lieutenant and, from August 1814 until December 1815, served aboard the frigate Maeander , Captain John Bastard , off Lisbon and in

1134-486: The capture at Giulianova of seven large gun-boats, three smaller gun-vessels, and 14 merchantmen. The British boats approached and boarded under a heavy fire of grapeshot and musketry, while the Marines landed on shore, driving off 100 enemy troops and capturing two field guns. Rous was put in command of one of the merchantmen, laden with oil, which broached and capsized in heavy weather around midnight, only kept afloat by

1176-606: The coast of Labrador in the Strait of Belle Isle in September 1835 and was greatly damaged. Rous, however, brought her across the Atlantic Ocean with a sprung foremast and without keel, forefoot or rudder, with the ship making 23 in (0.58 m) of water an hour. His father owned a stud farm in Suffolk and won the 1815 2,000 Guineas with the colt Tigris. Rous, always fond of

1218-595: The early Middle Ages, Slavic tribes occupied the island. In the first half of the 7th century the Narentines took over the island. Venetian sailors saw the island while sailing towards the south and were threatened by the Narentine pirates from the island. In the 11th century the island joined the Kingdom of Croatia . In the 12th century, the rise of the Republic of Venice brought vines and wine cultivation which blossomed into

1260-423: The ground. Farming in such areas requires careful conservation of water and protection of the soil against erosion. The water cisterns in the fields, and the dry-stone walls, especially terracing on the slopes are necessary for the continued success of agriculture on the island. The island has a typical Mediterranean vegetation , mostly bare with woody scrub at higher, steeper elevations, turning to pine forests on

1302-726: The island became a part of the Roman Republic in 219 BC and the Greek name Pharos was changed to Pharia. After the fall of the Roman Empire in the west, the island was under the control of the Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire. The population increased in the Late Antiquity with an abundance of archaeological finds. A large number of new villa rustica in Stari Grad Plain and also on the previously vacant eastern shores were built. In

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1344-534: The island in 1815 with the Treaty of Vienna . The beginning of the 20th century brought a period of relative prosperity. The Italian army occupied the island from 1918 until 1921, when Hvar with the rest of Croatia joined the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . In 1939, an autonomous Croatian Banate was formed that included the island. During WWII, it was under the control of Independent State of Croatia , but under military occupation of Fascist Italy until 1943. After 1945, it became

1386-453: The island initially was known as Paros (Πάρος) because it was colonized by Greeks from the island of Paros in Aegean , and later as Pharos (Φάρος) "lighthouse". However, it is not clear if the name really comes from the Greek word for lighthouse. It was more likely an Illyrian word "Fara" that in modern Albanian, translates to seed!since it is unlikely that the lighthouse preceded the name for

1428-598: The island. During the 3rd century BC, the Greek poet Apollonius of Rhodes referred to it as Piteyeia – a name derived from the Greek word pitys , meaning pine tree . From the 7th century onwards, the Byzantine Theme of Dalmatia , including Fara , was settled by the Pannonian Avars and Croats . However, the population initially remained culturally Illyro-Roman and part of the Byzantine Roman world. Under

1470-576: The linguistic influence of the newcomers, the official name became Quarra – because the Slavic languages did not originally have the /f/-sound . Later, the name was Slavicised further as Hvar. Since the late 11th century, the Italian name of the island has been Lesina or, in Venetian , Liesena . These names appear to have their origin in the Proto-Slavic root les- , meaning "wood" or "forest". Liesena

1512-434: The lower slopes with holm oak , Aleppo pines ( Pinus halapensis ) and black pines ( Pinus nigra dalmatica ). The islet of Šćedro is especially rich in various Mediterranean trees and plants. Hvar island is 68 kilometres (42 mi) long, and only 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) at its widest point. It covers an area of 297 square kilometres (115 sq mi), the 4th largest of the Adriatic islands by area, and has

1554-478: The most attractive tourist centres in Europe. The island promotes itself as "the sunniest spot in Europe", with over 2715 hours of sunlight in an average year. Hvar town is the main tourist centre. It features a large public square (St Stephen's Square/ trg Sv. Stjepana ) that is open to the sea. During the tourist season, the port is filled with large yachts and sailboats . All-night discos attract large crowds of young visitors. Another major economic activity

1596-412: The north coast. Hvar is a high east–west ridge of Mesozoic limestone and dolomite , which was part of the mainland until approximately 11,000 years ago. Around that time, sea levels rose, filling the valleys that are now the channels between the islands. Hvar has a typical karst landscape, which means limited or no surface water, despite adequate rainfall, which disappears quickly into crevices in

1638-703: The poet himself. Churches on the island contain many important paintings and artworks by famous Venetian artists, including Tintoretto , Veronese , Bellini and others. In 1797 Hvar was annexed with the fall of the Venetian Republic by the Habsburg monarchy as per the Treaty of Campo Formio . But forces of the French Empire seized it in 1806 during the Napoleonic wars before finally being taken by British marines and sailors in 1812. The Austrians regained control of

1680-605: The sport, became a steward of the Jockey Club in 1838, a position he held, almost uninterrupted, until his death. In 1855, he was appointed public handicapper . In that role he introduced the weight-for-age scale. For many years, he managed the stables of the Duke of Bedford at Newmarket , and wrote On the Laws and Practice of Horse Racing that procured for him the title of the Blackstone of

1722-524: The wider Mediterranean . It has been inhabited since prehistoric times, originally by a Neolithic people whose distinctive pottery gave rise to the term Hvar culture , and later by the Illyrians . The ancient Greeks founded the colony of Pharos in 384 BC on the site of today's Stari Grad , making it one of the oldest towns in Europe . They were also responsible for setting out the agricultural field divisions of

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1764-564: Was an officer of the British Royal Navy , who served during the Napoleonic Wars , and was later a Member of Parliament and a leading figure in horse racing. Rous was the second son of John Rous, 1st Earl of Stradbroke , and was educated at Westminster School , and Dr. Burney's Academy . His elder brother was John Rous, 2nd Earl of Stradbroke , and his half-sister married Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham . Aged just 13, Rous entered

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