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14-552: It gives its name to the Lines of Stollhofen , a 10-mile defensive line between Stollhofen and Bühl constructed in 1703 during the War of the Spanish Succession . The town was captured in 1707 and its fortifications demolished. 48°45′58″N 8°02′57″E  /  48.766034°N 8.049202°E  / 48.766034; 8.049202 This Rastatt district location article is

28-630: A stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lines of Stollhofen The Lines of Stollhofen ( German : Bühl-Stollhofener Linie ) was a line of defensive earthworks built for the Reichsarmee at the start of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) running for about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Stollhofen on the Rhine to the impenetrable woods on the hills east of Bühl. The lines were constructed by order of Margrave Louis William I of Baden-Baden in order to protect northern Baden from

42-586: A huge river engineering project that continued until 1879, long after his death. His appointment as an officer of the French Légion d'honneur followed in 1827. Tulla died of the consequences of malaria in 1828 and was buried in the Montmartre Cemetery in Paris. His gravestone shows the "Altrip corner," one of the technically most difficult sections of the Rhine straightening, near the village of Altrip in

56-657: The Ettlingen Line under the Rhine Army commander, George Louis of Brunswick-Lüneburg . The line was reinforced during the War of the Polish Succession (1733–1738), was destroyed by the French in 1734 broke and was rebuilt in 1735. As a result of the canalization of the Rhine by Tulla in the 19th century and the construction of roads and settlements in the last century the remains of the line are now visible in places only in

70-751: The Kinzig valley and on into Bavaria. There, Villars was victorious in the First Battle of Höchstädt . Likewise in 1704, Tallar passed through the Black Forest unhindered along the Dreisam Valley . After the death of Margrave Louis William (9 January 1707), Villars captured the Bühl-Stollhofen Line in May without a fight and had it destroyed. Several months after the loss of the Bühl-Stollhofen Line, work began on

84-519: The River Rhine . It comprised linear schanzen in the terrain, as well as individual star schanzen , hornworks , small forts and fortified villages, and used the watercourses on the Rhine Plain in order to flood the fields of fire and approach using weirs . At the same time, by including the villages of Bühl and Stollhofen, it enabled control of the old trade routes from Basle to Frankfurt (today

98-473: The Upper Rhine a completely new appearance. The river was deepened and channelled between embankments which narrowed the channels to a width of 200 to 250 m (660 to 820 ft); new sections were dug to straighten out its meandering course , and numerous small islands were removed. The effect was to reduce the river's length between Basel and Worms from 355 to 275 km (221 to 171 mi). However,

112-519: The Bundesstraße B3) at Bühl, and from Strasbourg to Frankfurt (old Roman road, today the B 36). Until 1707, the line bounded the operational area of the French troops and barred the easiest route to Bavaria via Pforzheim . Following his Rhine crossing in mid-February 1703, Marshal Villars found the passes through the Black Forest to be still impassible because of snow. Therefore, he initially occupied Kehl Fortress on 12 March as his base east of

126-673: The Mining Academy in Freiberg, Saxony . Subsequently, he was transferred to government service in Baden . Further training in Paris followed in 1801, but he was called back to Karlsruhe after a year. There he was appointed to the rank of captain in 1803. Starting in 1807 he worked in Switzerland on the channelling of the Linth river . Also in 1807 he was one of the founders of the school of engineering that

140-473: The Rhine, united with the army of Marshal Tallard , and on 19 April 1703 began an attack on the Bühl-Stollhofen Line. He bombarded the line south of Kappelwindeck and tried to bypass the line to the east with 25 battalions under Blainville. Both attempts, on 19 and 24 April, failed because the French could not capture the fortifications at Obertal. On 25 April, Villars pulled back. In summer 1703, however, Margrave Louis William could not stop Villars marching up

154-462: The newly erected French fortress of Fort Louis on the River Rhine. The roughly 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long and only partly fortified line started in the east near Obertal (today part of Bühlertal ), ran westwards over the heights to Bühl and then northwest in the Rhine valley via Vimbuch (today a village in the municipality of Bühl), Leiberstung (today part of Sinzheim ) and Stollhofen to

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168-657: The straightening of the Upper Rhine had increased the streaming speed and thus permanently raised the flood risk in the regions of the Middle and the Lower Rhine , partial floodplain restoration is still performed in a joint program of Germany and France. Tulla began his training in 1792 with Karl Christian von Langsdorf . From 1794 to 1796 he traveled across Central Europe and to Scandinavia, studying hydraulic projects. During his travels, in 1795 he studied chemistry and mineralogy at

182-612: The wooded areas east of Bühl. In the Bühl Municipal Museum is the 1703 map of the Bühl-Stollhofen Line drawn by Major Elster. Johann Gottfried Tulla Johann Gottfried Tulla (20 March 1770, in Karlsruhe – 27 March 1828, in Paris ) was a German engineer who accomplished the straightening of the Rhine , improving navigation and alleviating the effects of flooding. His measures gave

196-510: Was the predecessor of the University of Karlsruhe . He was promoted several times in subsequent years, in 1809 to major and in 1814 to lieutenant colonel. In 1817 he was appointed director of the Oberdirektion des Wasser- und Straßenbaues (Directorate of Water and Road Construction). In this office he was instrumental in planning the stabilizing and straightening of the course of the Upper Rhine,

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