68-511: Stokes Bay ( grid ref. :) SZ 590 980 ) (50.782982, -1.163868) is an area of the Solent that lies just south of Gosport , between Portsmouth and Lee-on-the-Solent , Hampshire . There is a shingle beach with views of Ryde and East Cowes on the Isle of Wight to the south and Fawley to the south west. The settlement of Alverstoke is close by. To the east of Stokes Bay is Fort Gilkicker , which
136-674: A folk memory of inundated lands, but this legend is also common among the Brythonic peoples; the legend of Ys is a parallel and cognate legend in Brittany, as is that of Cantre'r Gwaelod in Wales. Scilly has been identified as the place of exile of two heretical 4th century bishops, Instantius and Tiberianus, who were followers of Priscillian. In 995, Olaf Tryggvason became King Olaf I of Norway . Born c. 960, Olaf had raided various European cities and fought in several wars. In 986 he met
204-476: A torpedo station and fell into disrepair before being demolished in the late 1970s. During World War II DD Valentine tanks were tested in the bay. In June 1944, landing craft embarked from Stokes Bay for France as part of Operation Overlord , the Allied invasion of Normandy . The Solent opposite Stokes Bay is often used by extremely large warships (e.g. US supercarriers ) to anchor, as Portsmouth Harbour
272-623: A transverse Mercator projection with an origin (the "true" origin) at 49° N , 2° W (an offshore point in the English Channel which lies between the island of Jersey and the French port of St. Malo ). Over the Airy ellipsoid a straight line grid, the National Grid, is placed with a new false origin to eliminate negative numbers, creating a 700 km by 1300 km grid. This false origin
340-521: A Christian seer on the Isles of Scilly. He was probably a follower of Priscillian and part of the tiny Christian community that was exiled here from Spain by Emperor Maximus for Priscillianism . In Snorri Sturluson 's Royal Sagas of Norway , it is stated that this seer told him: Thou wilt become a renowned king, and do celebrated deeds. Many men wilt thou bring to faith and baptism, and both to thy own and others' good; and that thou mayst have no doubt of
408-554: A base for privateering raids on Commonwealth and Dutch shipping. The Dutch admiral Maarten Tromp sailed to the isles and on arriving on 30 May 1651 demanded compensation. In the absence of compensation or a satisfactory reply, he declared war on England in June. It was during this period that the disputed Three Hundred and Thirty Five Years' War started between the isles and the Netherlands . In June 1651, Admiral Robert Blake recaptured
476-496: A grid index where the tens denote the progress from West to East and the units from South to North. In the north of Scotland, the numbering is modified: the 100 km square to the north of 39 is numbered N30; the square to the north of 49 is N40, etc. The grid is based on the OSGB36 datum (Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936, based on the Airy 1830 ellipsoid ), and was introduced after
544-479: A place of great contrast; the ameliorating effect of the sea, greatly influenced by the North Atlantic Current , means they rarely have frost or snow, which allows local farmers to grow flowers well ahead of those in mainland Britain. The chief agricultural product is cut flowers, mostly daffodils . Exposure to Atlantic winds also means that spectacular winter gales lash the islands from time to time. This
612-566: A short-lived conquest, by the English, in the 10th century CE was cut short by the Norman conquest . It is likely that, until relatively recent times, the islands were much larger, and perhaps conjoined into one island named Ennor. Rising sea levels flooded the central plain around 400–500 AD, forming the current 55 islands and islets (if an island is defined as "land surrounded by water at high tide and supporting land vegetation"). The word Ennor
680-545: A small archipelago off the southwestern tip of Cornwall , England , United Kingdom. One of the islands, St Agnes , is over four miles (six kilometres) further south than the most southerly point of the British mainland at Lizard Point . The total population of the islands at the 2021 United Kingdom census was 2,100 (rounded to the nearest 100). Scilly forms part of the ceremonial county of Cornwall , and some services are combined with those of Cornwall. However, since 1890,
748-526: Is a contraction of the Old Cornish En Noer ( Doer , mutated to Noer ), meaning 'the land' or 'the great island'. Evidence for the older, large island includes: Offshore, midway between Land's End and the Isles of Scilly, is the supposed location of the mythical lost land of Lyonesse , referred to in Arthurian literature (of which Tristan is said to have been a prince). This may be
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#1733085101391816-572: Is a major part of the local economy along with agriculture, particularly the production of cut flowers . Historically, the Isles of Scilly were known in Latin as Insulae Sillinae , Silina or Siluruni , corresponding to Greek forms Σίλυρες and Σύρινες. In the Late Middle Ages they were known to European navigators as Sorlingas (Spanish, Portuguese) or Sorlingues (French). In the Cornish language,
884-464: Is an abbreviated alphanumeric reference where the letters are simply omitted, e.g. 166712 for the summit of Ben Nevis. Unlike the numeric references described above, this abbreviated grid reference is incomplete; it gives the location relative to an OS 100×100 km square, but does not specify which square. It is often used informally when the context identifies the OS 2-letter square. For example, within
952-595: Is called the Helmert datum transformation , which results in a typical 7 m error from true. The definitive transformation from ETRS89 that is published by the Ordnance Survey is called the National Grid Transformation OSTN15. This models the detailed distortions in the 1936–1962 retriangulation, and achieves backwards compatibility in grid coordinates to sub-metre accuracy. The difference between
1020-429: Is located south-west of the Isles of Scilly. In order to minimize the overall scale error, a factor of 2499/2500 is applied. This creates two lines of longitude about 180 km east and west of the central meridian along which the local scale factor equals 1, i.e. map scale is correct. Inside these lines the local scale factor is less than 1, with a minimum of 0.04% too small at the central meridian. Outside these lines
1088-449: Is not deep enough to berth them. It has also been the site of many fleet reviews, the most recent being to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar in 2005. To the east is the 9-hole Gosport and Stokes Bay Golf Club . This area of the bay also contains a number of fresh and salt-water margin lagoons and provides a unique habitat for rare flora, including several specimens of
1156-626: Is not known at what point the islanders stopped speaking the Cornish language , but the language seems to have gone into decline in Cornwall beginning in the Late Middle Ages ; it was still dominant between the islands and Bodmin at the time of the Reformation, but it suffered an accelerated decline thereafter. The islands appear to have lost the old Brythonic (Celtic P) language before parts of Penwith on
1224-619: Is now the preferred coordinate reference system across Ireland. ITM is based on the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system (UTM), used to provide grid references for worldwide locations, and this is the system commonly used for the Channel Islands . European-wide agencies also use UTM when mapping locations, or may use the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS), or variants of it. The first letter of
1292-570: Is on the Buildings at Risk Register and support is being sought for its conservation and for an alternative use. There was also a pier, adjacent to Gosport and Fareham Inshore Rescue Lifeboat station , from which a ferry service ran which was the quickest crossing to the Isle of Wight . The pier had a railway station , opened 6 April 1863, which had a branch line ( Stokes Bay Line ) from the Fareham to Gosport Line . This railway stopped running services to
1360-723: Is on the west coast of Scotland and the greatest in Kent . These two datums are not both in general use in any one place, but for a point in the English Channel halfway between Dover and Calais , the ED50 longitude lines are about 20 m east of the OSGB36 equivalents, and the ED50 latitude lines are about 150 m south of the OSGB36 ones. Isles of Scilly The Isles of Scilly ( / ˈ s ɪ l i / SIL -ee ; Standard Written Form : Syllan , Enesek Syllan , or Enesow Syllan ) are
1428-444: Is reflected in the landscape, most clearly seen on Tresco where the lush Abbey Gardens on the sheltered southern end of the island contrast with the low heather and bare rock sculpted by the wind on the exposed northern end. Natural England has designated the Isles of Scilly as National Character Area 158. As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose sea thrift ( Armeria maritima ) as
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#17330851013911496-461: The 1755 Lisbon earthquake . The Isles of Scilly form an archipelago of five inhabited islands (six if Gugh is counted separately from St Agnes) and numerous other small rocky islets (around 140 in total) lying 45 kilometres ( 24 + 1 ⁄ 2 nautical miles) off Land's End . Troy Town Farm on St Agnes is the southernmost settlement of the United Kingdom. The islands' position produces
1564-516: The British Isles : this article describes the system created solely for Great Britain and its outlying islands (including the Isle of Man ). The Irish grid reference system is a similar system created by the Ordnance Survey of Ireland and the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland for the island of Ireland. The Irish Transverse Mercator (ITM) coordinate reference system was adopted in 2001 and
1632-517: The Cornubian batholith . The Irish Sea Glacier terminated just to the north of the Isles of Scilly during the last ice age . Historic sites on the Isles of Scilly include: The Isles of Scilly have been a famous location for flower farming for centuries, and in that time horticultural flora has become a mainstay of the Scillonian economy. Due to the oceanic climate found on the Isles of Scilly
1700-546: The Greeks . While Cornwall is an ancient tin-mining region, there is no evidence of this having taken place substantially on the islands. During the Late Roman Empire , the islands may have been a place of exile . At least one Tiberianus from Hispania is known to have been condemned c. 385 to banishment on the isles, as well as the bishop Instantius , in the sequence of Priscillianists ' prosecution. The isles were off
1768-659: The Gulf Stream . Despite being on exactly the same latitude as Winnipeg in Canada, snow and frost are extremely rare. The maximum snowfall was 23 cm (9 in) on 12 January 1987 . Summer heat is moderated by the Atlantic Ocean and summer temperatures are not as warm as on the mainland. However, the Isles are one of the sunniest areas in the southwest with an average of seven hours per day in May. The lowest temperature ever recorded
1836-740: The Kermes Oak (A shrub of the Quercus family, native to the Mediterranean ). 50°46′43″N 1°09′52″W / 50.77859°N 1.16454°W / 50.77859; -1.16454 British national grid reference system The Ordnance Survey National Grid reference system ( OSGB ), also known as British National Grid ( BNG ), is a system of geographic grid references , distinct from latitude and longitude , whereby any location in Great Britain can be described in terms of its distance from
1904-726: The retriangulation of 1936–1962 . It replaced the Cassini Grid which had previously been the standard projection for Ordnance Survey maps. The Airy ellipsoid is a regional best fit for Britain; more modern mapping tends to use the GRS80 ellipsoid used by the Global Positioning System (the Airy ellipsoid assumes the Earth to be about 1 km smaller in diameter than the GRS80 ellipsoid, and to be slightly less flattened). The British maps adopt
1972-452: The " county flower " of the islands. Inhabited until 1855. In 1975 the islands were designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty . The designation covers the entire archipelago, including the uninhabited islands and rocks, and is the smallest such area in the UK. The islands of Annet and Samson have large terneries and the islands are well populated by seals . The Isles of Scilly are
2040-474: The Abbot and convent of Tavistock Abbey petitioned the king, stat[ing] that they hold certain isles in the sea between Cornwall and Ireland, of which the largest is called Scilly, to which ships come passing between France, Normandy, Spain, Bayonne , Gascony , Scotland, Ireland, Wales and Cornwall: and, because they feel that in the event of a war breaking out between the kings of England and France, or between any of
2108-561: The British National Grid is derived from a larger set of 25 squares of size 500 km by 500 km, labelled A to Z, omitting one letter (I) (refer diagram below), previously used as a military grid. Four of these largest squares contain significant land area within Great Britain: S, T, N and H. The O square contains a tiny area of North Yorkshire , Beast Cliff at OV 0000 , almost all of which lies below mean high tide. For
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2176-612: The Isles of Scilly is Syllan . The etymology is unknown. However, some authors theorise "Place sacred to the goddess Sulis " as a possibility. Some authors suggest the Latin Sillinae is derived or related to solis insulae , "the Isles of the Sun". The islands may correspond to the Cassiterides ('Tin Isles'), believed by some to have been visited by the Phoenicians and mentioned by
2244-554: The Isles of Scilly were primarily ruled by a Proprietor/Governor. The governor was a military commission made by the monarch in consultation with the Admiralty in recognition of the islands' strategic position. The office of Governor was pre-eminent in military law but not in civil law , where the magistracy was vested in the Proprietor, who had a leasehold from the Duchy of Cornwall of
2312-491: The Isles of Scilly: these include elm , elder , hawthorn and grey sallow . Scilly is situated far into the Atlantic Ocean , so many North American vagrant birds will make first European landfall in the archipelago. Scilly is responsible for many firsts for Britain, and is particularly good at producing vagrant American passerines. If an extremely rare bird turns up, the island will see a significant increase in numbers of birders. The islands are famous among birdwatchers for
2380-569: The OSGB 36 lines in South Cornwall , the difference diminishing to zero in the Scottish Borders , and then increasing to about 50 m north on the north coast of Scotland . (If the lines are further east , then the longitude value of any given point is further west . Similarly, if the lines are further south, the values will give the point a more northerly latitude.) The smallest datum shift
2448-688: The OSGB36 National Grid location for Ben Nevis is at 216600, 771200. Grid references may also be quoted as a pair of numbers: eastings then northings in metres, measured from the southwest corner of the SV square. 13 digits may be required for locations in Orkney and further north. For example, the grid reference for Sullom Voe Oil Terminal in the Shetland islands may be given as HU396753 or 439668,1175316 . Another, distinct, form of all-numeric grid reference
2516-577: The coast of the Brittonic Celtic kingdom of Dumnonia (and its future offshoot of Kernow , or Cornwall ). Later, c. 570, when the modern Midlands —and, in 577, the Severn Valley —fell to Anglo-Saxon control, the remaining Britons were split into three separate regions: the West (Cornwall), Wales and Cumbria – Ystrad Clyd ( Strathclyde ). The islands may have been a part of these polities until
2584-433: The context of a location known to be on OS Landranger sheet 41 (which extends from NN000500 in the south-west to NN400900 in the north-east) the abbreviated grid reference 166712 is equivalent to NN166712. If working with more than one Landranger sheet, this may also be given as 41/166712. Alternatively, sometimes numbers instead of the two-letter combinations are used for the 100×100 km squares. The numbering follows
2652-560: The coordinates on different datums varies from place to place. The longitude and latitude positions on OSGB 36 are the same as for WGS 84 at a point in the Atlantic Ocean well to the west of Great Britain. In Cornwall , the WGS 84 longitude lines are about 70 metres east of their OSGB 36 equivalents, this value rising gradually to about 120 m east on the east coast of East Anglia . The WGS 84 latitude lines are about 70 m south of
2720-466: The digits is for the first coordinate and the second half for the other. The most common usage is the six figure grid reference , employing three digits in each coordinate to determine a 100 m square. For example, the grid reference of the 100 m square containing the summit of Ben Nevis is NN 166 712 . (Grid references may be written with or without spaces; e.g., also NN166712.) NN has an easting of 200 km and northing of 700 km, so
2788-561: The dominion of the English Crown for a period until the Norman conquest, late in the reign of Æthelstan ( r. 924–939). In early times one group of islands was in the possession of a confederacy of hermits. King Henry I (r. 1100–1135) gave it to the abbey of Tavistock who established a priory on Tresco , which was abolished at the Reformation . At the turn of the 14th century,
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2856-448: The islands have had a separate local authority . Since the passing of the Isles of Scilly Order 1930, this authority has held the status of county council , and today it is known as the Council of the Isles of Scilly. The adjective "Scillonian" is sometimes used for people or things related to the archipelago. The Duchy of Cornwall owns most of the freehold land on the islands. Tourism
2924-435: The islands' land area. Usually the Proprietor served as Governor, although, according to Robert Heath , a Major Bennett was Governor for a short time before Proprietor Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin was commissioned on 7 July 1733. The Proprietor/Governor was non-resident, delegating the military functions to a Lieutenant-Governor and the civil functions to a Council of twelve residents. An early governor of Scilly
2992-492: The islands. Many of the northern islands can be reached from Tresco, including Bryher, Samson and St Martin's (requires very low tides). From St Martin's White Island, Little Ganilly and Great Arthur are reachable. Although the sound between St Mary's and Tresco, The Road, is fairly shallow, it never becomes totally dry, but according to some sources it should be possible to wade at extreme low tides. Around St Mary's several minor islands become accessible, including Taylor's Island on
3060-485: The islands. They built Cromwell's Castle —a gun platform on the west side of Tresco—using materials scavenged from an earlier gun platform further up the hill. Although this poorly sited earlier platform dated back to the 1550s, it is now referred to as King Charles's Castle . The Isles of Scilly served as a place of exile during the English Civil War. Among those exiled there was Unitarian Jon Biddle . During
3128-577: The isles for the Parliamentarians . Blake's initial attack on Old Grimsby failed, but the next attacks succeeded in taking Tresco and Bryher . Blake placed a battery on Tresco to fire on St Mary's , but one of the guns exploded, killing its crew and injuring Blake. A second battery proved more successful. Subsequently, Grenville and Blake negotiated terms that permitted the Royalists to surrender honourably. The Parliamentary forces then set to fortifying
3196-400: The isles have the unique ability to grow a multitude of plants found around the world. Perhaps the most prominently grown flower on the Isles are the scented Narcissi or Narcissus , commonly known as the daffodil. There are flower farms on the isles of St. Agnes, St. Mary's, as well as St. Martin's and Bryher. The scented Narcissi are grown October through April, scented pinks or Dianthus are
3264-474: The large variety of rare and migratory birds that visit the islands. The peak time of year for sightings is generally in the autumn. The archipelago has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding populations of several species of seabirds , including European storm-petrels , European shags , lesser and great black-backed gulls , and common terns . Ruddy turnstones visit in winter. Historically,
3332-473: The local scale factor is greater than 1, and is about 0.04% too large near the east and west coasts. Grid north and true north are only aligned on the central meridian (400 km easting) of the grid which is 2° W (OSGB36) and approx. 2° 0′ 5″ W ( WGS 84 ). A geodetic transformation between OSGB 36 and other terrestrial reference systems (like ITRF2000 , ETRS89 , or WGS 84 ) can become quite tedious if attempted manually. The most common transformation
3400-609: The mainland, in contrast to its Welsh sister language. Cornish is not directly linked to Irish or Scottish Gaelic which falls into the Celtic Q group of languages. During the English Civil War , the Parliamentarians captured the isles, only to see their garrison mutiny and return the isles to the Royalists . By 1651 the Royalist governor, Sir John Grenville , was using the islands as
3468-465: The night of 22 October 1707, the isles were the scene of one of the worst maritime disasters in British history, when out of a fleet of 21 Royal Navy ships headed from Gibraltar to Portsmouth , six were driven onto the cliffs. Four of the ships sank or capsized, with at least 1,450 dead, including the commanding admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell . There is evidence of inundation by the tsunami caused by
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#17330851013913536-409: The only British habitat of the lesser white-toothed shrew ( Crocidura suaveolens ), where it is known locally as a " teak " or " teke ". The tidal range at the Isles of Scilly is high for an open sea location; the maximum for St Mary's is 5.99 m (19 ft 8 in). Additionally, the inter-island waters are mostly shallow, which at spring tides allows for dry land walking between several of
3604-568: The origin (0, 0), which lies to the west of the Isles of Scilly . The Ordnance Survey (OS) devised the national grid reference system, and it is heavily used in its survey data, and in maps based on those surveys, whether published by the Ordnance Survey or by commercial map producers. Grid references are also commonly quoted in other publications and data sources, such as guide books and government planning documents. A number of different systems exist that can provide grid references for locations within
3672-703: The other places mentioned, they would not have enough power to do justice to these sailors, they ask that they might exchange these islands for lands in Devon, saving the churches on the islands appropriated to them. William le Poer, coroner of Scilly, is recorded in 1305 as being worried about the extent of wrecking in the islands , and sending a petition to the King. The names provide a wide variety of origins, e.g. Robert and Henry Sage (English), Richard de Tregenestre (Cornish), Ace de Veldre (French), Davy Gogch (possibly Welsh, or Cornish), and Adam le Fuiz Yaldicz (possibly Spanish). It
3740-412: The pier on 1 November 1915 and sold the land to the Admiralty in 1922. The line was not as popular as the Portsmouth to Ryde crossing although the journey from London was longer than from Portsmouth. Most of the railway line is a cycle path. The Admiralty used the pier from 1922 to transport munitions and fuel and had a narrow gauge railway line which replaced the branch line. The pier was then used as
3808-440: The second letter, each 500 km square is subdivided into 25 squares of size 100 km by 100 km, each with a letter code from A to Z (again omitting I) starting with A in the north-west corner to Z in the south-east corner. These squares are outlined in light grey on the "100km squares" map, with those containing land lettered. The central (2° W) meridian is shown in red. Within each square, eastings and northings from
3876-433: The second most notably grown flower on the isles which are in full bloom from May through September. Summer time on the Isles provides the temperate conditions for the blossom of many more types of plant. Bermuda Buttercup or Oxalis pes-caprae are very often found growing in bulb fields. In early summer, Digitalis colloquially known as foxgloves grow amongst hedgerows and bramble . Other common sprouting plants throughout
3944-430: The seer foretold, Olaf was attacked by a group of mutineers upon returning to his ships. As soon as he had recovered from his wounds, he let himself be baptised. He then stopped raiding Christian cities, and lived in England and Ireland. In 995, he used an opportunity to return to Norway. When he arrived, the Haakon Jarl was facing a revolt. Olaf Tryggvason persuaded the rebels to accept him as their king, and Jarl Haakon
4012-412: The south west corner of the square are given numerically. For example, NH0325 means a 1 km square whose south-west corner is 3 km east and 25 km north from the south-west corner of square NH. A location can be indicated to varying resolutions numerically, usually from two digits in each coordinate (for a 1 km square) through to five (for a 1 m square); in each case the first half of
4080-445: The summer season include: In saturated areas you might observe: Hedgerows were planted a century ago as windbreaks to protect the crop fields and to survive a battering from storms and sea spray it is necessary to have sturdy roots and be a species that can withstand salt and gusts. A many species of exotic plants have been brought in over the years including some trees; however there are still few remaining native tree species on
4148-412: The truth of this answer, listen to these tokens. When thou comest to thy ships many of thy people will conspire against thee, and then a battle will follow in which many of thy men will fall, and thou wilt be wounded almost to death, and carried upon a shield to thy ship; yet after seven days thou shalt be well of thy wounds, and immediately thou shalt let thyself be baptised. The legend continues that, as
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#17330851013914216-406: The west coast and Tolls Island on the east coast. From Saint Agnes, Gugh becomes accessible at each low tide, via a tombolo . The Isles of Scilly have an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ). The average annual temperature is 12.0 °C (53.6 °F), the warmest place in the British Isles. Winters are, by far, the warmest in the UK due to the moderating effects of the North Atlantic Drift of
4284-428: The west to the Syllingar, where they gained a great victory in Maríuhöfn on Columba's-mass [9 June], and took much booty. Then they returned to the Orkneys. " Maríuhöfn " literally means "Mary's Harbour/Haven". The name does not make it clear if it referred to a harbour on a larger island than today's St Mary's, or a whole island. It is generally considered that Cornwall, and possibly the Isles of Scilly, came under
4352-420: Was Thomas Godolphin , whose son Francis received a lease on the Isles in 1568. The Godolphins and their Osborne relatives held this position until 1831, when George Osbourne, 6th Duke of Leeds surrendered the lease to the islands, with them then returning to direct rule from the Duchy of Cornwall . In 1834 Augustus Smith acquired the lease from the Duchy for £20,000, and created the title Lord Proprietor of
4420-430: Was built in 1871 to guard the headland and the western approaches to Portsmouth Harbour and housed 22 gun emplacements. The bay was used for experiments with submarine mines from 1879-1912. A narrow gauge railway was built from the bay to Fort Blockhouse for these operations, along with a pier. Fort Gilkicker was used in both world wars to protect Portsmouth and air attacks and fell into disrepair shortly after 1945; it
4488-410: Was murdered by his own slave, while he was hiding from the rebels in a pig sty. With the Norman Conquest , the Isles of Scilly came more under centralised Norman control. About 20 years later, the Domesday survey was conducted. The islands would have formed part of the " Exeter Domesday" circuit, which included Cornwall, Devon , Dorset, Somerset , and Wiltshire . In the mid-12th century, there
4556-418: Was reportedly a Viking attack on the Isles of Scilly, called Syllingar by the Norse, recorded in the Orkneyinga saga — Sweyn Asleifsson "went south, under Ireland, and seized a barge belonging to some monks in Syllingar and plundered it." (Chap LXXIII) ... the three chiefs—Swein, Þorbjörn and Eirik—went out on a plundering expedition. They went first to the Suðreyar [Hebrides], and all along
4624-498: Was −7.2 °C (19.0 °F) and the highest was 27.8 °C (82.0 °F). The isles have never recorded a temperature below freezing in the months from May to November inclusive. Precipitation (the overwhelming majority of which is rain) averages about 35 in (890 mm) per year. The wettest months are from October to January, while April and May are the driest months. All the islands of Scilly are all composed of granite rock of Early Permian age, an exposed part of
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