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27-519: The landscape is characterised by deciduous and pine forests, ponds and vineyards. The Steigerwald hill range straddles the Bavarian provinces of Lower , Middle and Upper Franconia and surrounds their tripoint which is marked by the Dreifrankenstein ("Three Franconias Stone"). It is located between the cities of Bamberg , Schweinfurt , Würzburg and Nuremberg . To the north it is bounded by

54-595: A smaller scale, several nature reserves are designated. In addition are the protected habitats of 6029-371 Buchenwälder und Wiesentäler des Nordsteigerwalds und 6327-371 Vorderer Steigerwald mit Schwanberg as well as the European Special Protection Areas 6029-471 Oberer Steigerwald und 6327-471 Südlicher Steigerwald . Within the various counties whose territories include the Steigerwald, discussions have taken place about taking parts of

81-468: Is a theoretical reference plane. It is derived by deducting normal heights from the normal plumb line . The difference between the resulting quasi-geoid and the reference ellipsoid is called the height anomaly or quasi-geoid height. Since 1 January 2000 the whole of Germany has changed its height system over to normal heights based on the datum of the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum , known as

108-457: Is divided into these natural regions: Among the hills and high points of the Steigerwald are, sorted by height in metres above sea level (NHN) (unless otherwise stated these are based on ): Due to the steep slopes on its western side, most of the larger rivers rising in the Steigerwald flow in an easterly or southeasterly direction. They do not usually flow directly into the River Main in

135-576: Is located between the cities of Bamberg , Schweinfurt , Würzburg, and Nuremberg. In the north, it is bounded by the course of the river Main, and in the east by the river Regnitz . Its southern boundary is formed by the river Aisch , and in the west by the Main again and a line from Marktbreit via Uffenheim to Bad Windsheim . The Steigerwald covers the territories of six counties: Bamberg , Erlangen-Höchstadt , Haßberge , Kitzingen , Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim , and Schweinfurt . The Steigerwald

162-668: The Ebrach Forest was withdrawn. Authority for the disputed protected area was withdrawn in September 2015 because it was determined to be illegal. This 'illegality' was confirmed by the government of Upper Franconia. As a result, on 1 September 2015, the regulation was lifted. According to the legal view of the Government of Upper Franconia, the "regulation by the Bamberg Council for the protected landscape of 'the high beech woods in

189-649: The Keuper Uplands , and within it, it is continued to the north-northeast and right of the river Main , by the Haßberge , and to the south-southwest by the Franconian Heights . Part of the region is a designated as the Steigerwald Nature Park . The Steigerwald lies at the junction of the Bavarian provinces of Lower , Middle , and Upper Franconia , the tripoint being marked by the Dreifrankenstein . It

216-530: The WWF Germany (as of 13 Nov 2010). Since early October 2009, the group has run an information office in the market town of Ebrach Shortly beforehand, opponents of the national park had founded Our Steigerwald ( Unser Steigerwald e.V. ). Its members include over 3,000 private individuals (as at July 2010), 17 organizations such as the Bavarian Forest Owners' Association, various regional groups of

243-622: The 1932 German Mean Height Reference System ( Deutsches Haupthöhennetz ). The plane is in the shape of a quasi- geoid . The reference height is a geodetic , fixed point on the New Church of St. Alexander at Wallenhorst in the German state of Lower Saxony . The geopotential height of this point was calculated in 1986 as part of the United European Levelling Network (UELN), based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum . The NHN plane

270-593: The 40th anniversary of the Bavarian Forest National Park . 49°36′51″N 10°17′14″E  /  49.61417°N 10.28722°E  / 49.61417; 10.28722 Steigerwald The Steigerwald is a hill region up to 498.5 m above  sea level (NHN) in the Bavarian - Franconian part of the South German Scarplands between Würzburg and Nuremberg . It is part of

297-677: The Bavarian Farmers Association and the Forestry Association of Lower Franconia as well as 14 of the communities that are envisaged to be in the national park area (as of 13 Nov 2010). Instead of a national park, opponents are voting for the stepping-stone approach by the Bavarian State Forests: that the Ebrach Forestry Commission takes part of the forest area out of use and links these stepping stones in

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324-526: The Ebrach Forest' dated 16 April 2014 was illegal because the regulation was not covered by the enabling provision of § 29 BNatSchG." The Upper Franconian government also recorded, " the High Beech Wood is not a suitable object of protection for a protected landscape area". It is, according to the government "not an object that stands out from the landscape, as the law requires it to be. Therefore,

351-679: The German Mean Height Reference System, DHHN92. At the same time, the new NHN is the basis of the United European Levelling Net (UELN), formerly known as the Reseau Européen Unifié de Nivellement or REUN , which standardises the height systems of the European countries. Heights in this system are given in meters above NHN or m (NHN) . The NHN was introduced because for heights above Normalnull

378-667: The UNESCO nomination process has finished. At a meeting in the Bavarian Parliament with Prime Minister Horst Seehofer, the Bavarian Environment Minister Ulrike Scharf, Forestry Minister Helmut Brunner, and the three county councillors of the Schweinfurt (Florian Töpper), Haßberge (Wilhelm Schneider), and Bamberg (Johann Kalb), this was not yet known. The result then was that a working group of representatives of

405-615: The actual gravitational field of the Earth was not taken into account. As a result, there were changes in both the old West German normal orthometric heights (new methods of calculation) and the normal heights of East Germany (with respect to the Amsterdam Datum). The elevations differed — depending on location — by 0.06 to 0.16 m. As a result of new measurements as part of the changeover, however, variations of 0.59 m ( Zugspitze ) have surfaced. Older relief maps often show heights above

432-553: The course of the Main and to the east by the Regnitz . Its southern boundary is formed by the Aisch and to the west the Main again and an extension of the line from Marktbreit via Uffenheim to Bad Windsheim . Total park area: 1,280 square kilometres (490 sq mi) Total park area: 1,280 km Total area: 675 km (around 53% of the park) Total area: 512.7 km (around 40% of

459-739: The end of April 2008, nature conservation clubs established the Friends of the Steigerwald National Park ( Freundeskreis Pro Nationalpark Steigerwald ), to collaboratively promote the national park idea. Within this grouping, nine regional and national interest groups are active, including the Federation for Nature Conservation in Bavaria, the State Federation for the Protection of Birds in Bavaria and

486-427: The forest out of use and classifying them as protected areas. Since 2008, controversy has existed over whether certain areas should become a national park or not. Proponents see this contributing to conservation and increasing tourism. Opponents fear that the designated areas would no longer be used for forestry. Since 15 January 2015, the Steigerwald clearly can no longer be a UNESCO World Heritage Site because

513-438: The national forest, should be converted into a national park. The interest groups of private and corporate forest owners, forestry and agriculture and people from across the political spectrum are trying to do this with particular regard to preventing the loss of jobs. One of the first and most famous proponents of the Steigerwald National Park is Bernhard Grzimek , along with the German forest scientist, Georg Sperber . At

540-574: The north, the A ;7 in the west, and the A 73 in the east. Crossing the hills and nature park is the A 3 , the main road link between Frankfurt , Wurzburg, and Nuremberg, and the federal roads of the B 22 , B 286 , and B 8 . A tourist route, the Steigerwald High Road ( Steigerwald-Höhenstraße ), crosses the Steigerwald in a north–south direction. Wine connoisseurs know the Steigerwald from its Franconian wines , which are grown in

567-521: The northeast, but empty either into the Regnitz in the east or its tributary, the Aisch , which flanks the Steigerwald in the southeast and forms a natural dividing line with the heights of the Franconian Heights. These rivers and streams rise in the Steigerwald and flow in an easterly direction (arranged north to south): The main transport arteries passing by the Steigerwald are the A 70 in

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594-746: The old reference planes. Current maps by the federal survey authorities are based on NHN. At the beginning of 2013 most of the federal states (except Berlin, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt) had complete coverage by the new digital topographic mapping at 1:25,000 scale (DTK). Not all the maps have appeared in print yet. On the DTK25 maps, NHN is used for elevations; however, on the DTK25-V scanned topographic maps Höhennull (HN) and Normalnull (NN) are still being used. In East Germany normal heights used to be referred to as heights above Höhennormal or HN . The 1958 Kronstadt Tide Gauge ( Kronstädter Pegel )

621-671: The park) Since March 2007, there have been controversial discussions about the inclusion of parts of the northern Steigerwald Nature Park in UNESCO 's World Heritage Programme by their conversion into a Steigerwald National Park. A study by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation lists those parts of the Steigerwald that are considered particularly worthy of protection because of the presence of very rare stands of beech-forest and their great variety of species . According to this proposal around 11,000 hectares, which accounts for just under 9% of

648-504: The regulation is to be rescinded for legal reasons and also in the interests of legal clarity and legal certainly." Normalh%C3%B6hennull Normalhöhennull ( German pronunciation: [nɔʁmaːlˈhøːənˌnʊl] , "standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany. In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in

675-410: The state forestry areas into a network connected by corridors. The remaining forest area would continue to be cultivated. The Bavarian Environment Minister, Markus Söder, sees no future in a Steigerwald National Park as long as it is not supported by the general population. That this is currently not the case in the Steigerwald itself was stated by Söder in early November 2010 at the ceremony celebrating

702-473: The two ministries and the three county councils would establish the foundations for an application for World Heritage status by the end of January 2015. According to Töpper, a prerequisite was unity between the parties that no national park should be in the Steigerwald. Seehofer was to ensure that, by the end of January 2014, a measure adopted by the Bamberg council for a controversial, 775-hectare forest reserve in

729-400: The west of the region. Well-known names include Abtswinder Altenberg, Casteller Bausch, Handthaler Stollberg, Ippesheimer Herrschaftsberg, Bullenheimer Paradies, Wiesenbronner Wachhügel, and Ziegelangerer Ölschnabel. Large parts of the Steigerwald have been designated since 1988 as the Steigerwald Nature Park . Around half the nature park area is covered by protected landscapes . On

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