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62-406: The oldest part of the castle is a square brick tower in the southeast corner, built in the early 13th century, when Söderköping became a city . A simple fortified residence was added during the 14th century, expanded and supplemented by a wall and a round tower in the west. During the 16th and 17th centuries the building was further expanded, especially during the reign of John III of Sweden , when

124-550: A crusade against Novgorod, marching up the Neva , forcibly converting the tribes along that river, and briefly capturing the fortress of Orekhov for a second time, in August. The city of Pskov took advantage of the situation and was able to pressure Novgorod into granting the city its formal independence . The Novgorodians retook the fortress in February 1349 after a six-month siege, without

186-474: A lot of harm, but there is no factual basis for them in historical sources. Another angle is that the epithet Caress had nothing to do with the allegations of homosexuality but was given because of his alleged foolishness and naivety, as smek at the time was an insult inferring such weakness. Russians drew up an allegedly autobiographical account known as the Testament of Magnus ( Rukopisanie Magnusha ) which

248-404: A lot of money rebuilding the estate. However, in 1332 the bishop was forced to yield the estate to King Magnus in exchange for properties on Visingsö . The reason was probably the site's strategic location and the possibility of raising the tariff on ships on the way to Söderköping. An economic crisis, however, forced the king to pawn the castle in 1336. To whom is unknown, but in 1350 Skällsvik

310-685: A lot of plunder with him. Either in late 1361 or early 1362 the inhabitants of Visby raised themselves against the few Danish that Valdemar left behind and killed them. In 1363, members of the Swedish Council of Aristocracy, led by Bo Jonsson Grip , arrived at the court of Mecklenburg . They had been banished from Sweden after a revolt against King Magnus. At the nobles' request, Albert of Mecklenburg launched an invasion of Sweden supported by several German dukes and counts. Several Hanseatic cities and dukes in Northern Germany expressed support of

372-534: A settlement between the king and the Norwegian nobility at Varberg on 15 August 1343. In violation of the Norwegian laws on royal inheritance, Magnus' younger son Haakon would become king of Norway, with Magnus as regent during his minority. Later the same year, it was declared that Magnus' elder son, Eric would become king of Sweden on Magnus' death. Thus, the union between Norway and Sweden would be severed. This occurred when Haakon came of age in 1355. Because of

434-495: Is a palace, not a castle, and was completed in 1806, by the developer Werner Detloff von Schwerin . The arched lower floor suggest that parts of an old manor house from the 1730s may have been used. Stone from Stegeborg probably used in the old building. The palace got its present appearance, however, with the extensive renovations of 1915–1918, for Captain Hakon Wijk to designs by architect Isak Gustaf Clason . The main facade (to

496-400: Is the seat of Gotland Municipality , but is no political entity of its own. Some former towns have also grown together, forming one urban area. A few municipalities which used to be towns still style themselves as stad , e.g. Stockholm , Gothenburg and Malmö . There are also municipalities with considerable rural areas that market themselves with the term. Statistics Sweden defines

558-469: Is tied with the estate of Skällsvik . A farm is attested as early as 1287, when it belonged to the Bishop of Linköping , Benedict Birgersson . His successor Lars Albrektsson kept the property. Its strategic location at the entrance to Söderköping , at the time one of the country's wealthiest cities, was obvious to Birger Magnusson 's guardianship, which was led by the marsk Torkel Knutsson . In 1305 at

620-521: The Late Middle Ages , c.  1450 , Sweden (excluding Finland ) had 41 chartered towns. By 1680 there were 83. The only town founded and chartered during the 18th century was Östersund (1786). In 1863 the first local government acts were implemented in Sweden. Of the around 2,500 municipalities that were created, 88 were chartered towns. The main difference between these and other municipalities

682-520: The Legal, Financial and Administrative Services Agency the castle was examined in 1728 but the governor's proposal was rejected. Much of the castle was demolished in the summer of 1731 and the material used in Norrköping. Jacob von Hökerstedt bought 1731 Southern Kungsladugården, which took over the name Stegeborg. Due to poor finances, the property was transferred to the bank Rikets städer. The next owners were

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744-702: The Neva River . The treaty delineated spheres of influence among the Finns and Karelians and was supposed to be an "eternal peace", but Magnus' relations with the Russian states were not so peaceful. In 1337, religious strife between Orthodox Karelians and the Swedes led to a Swedish attack on the town of Korela (Keksholm, Priozersk) and Viborg (Viipuri in Finnish, Vyborg in Russian), in which

806-602: The Caresser ' ). Medieval Swedish kings did not use regnal numbers as part of their title. As the king of Sweden, he is sometimes referred to as Magnus II , Magnus III , or Magnus IV . He is the second longest-reigning monarch in Swedish history after the current king Carl XVI Gustaf , who surpassed Magnus in 2018. Magnus was born in Norway , either in April or May 1316. His father

868-668: The Croatian Count Ivan Anz Frankopan , who followed the king to Jerusalem as an interpreter and was there was appointed Knight of the Holy Sepulchre . At the end of the decade, he was appointed sheriff in Stegeborg. His name has been swedified to Johan Vale or Johan Franco. In Engelbrecht rebellion Stegeborg was captured in 1434 after a brief siege. The bishop in Linköping Knut Bosson (Natt och Dag) became

930-550: The Greenland run at intervals till 1369, when she sank and was apparently not replaced. King Valdemar IV of Denmark reconquered Scania in 1360. He went on to conquer Gotland in 1361. On 27 July 1361, outside the city of Visby , the main city of Gotland, the final battle took place. It ended in a complete victory for Valdemar. Magnus had warned the inhabitants of Visby in a letter and started to gather troops to reconquer Scania. Valdemar went home to Denmark again in August and took

992-494: The Novgorodian and Ladogan merchants there were slaughtered. A Swedish commander named Sten also captured the fortress at Orekhov. Negotiations with the Novgorodian mayor ( posadnik ) Fedor were inconclusive and the Swedes attacked Karelians around Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega before a peace was concluded in 1339 along the old terms of the 1323 treaty. In this treaty, the Swedes claimed that Sten and others acted on their own without

1054-570: The Privy Council on 25 May 1472, he was granted Stegeholm Castle and county as a life fiefdom. Ivar had his home in Visborg Castle on Gotland but nonetheless made major alterations to Stegeborg. Among other things, a new wall was built and the round tower which still stands. Ivar Axelsson owned seven vessels engaged in piracy on the Baltic Sea and this pastime led to an inevitable conflict with

1116-516: The Privy Council. When discussions led nowhere a military operation against Ivar Axel's Castle was launched. In February 1487 a siege of the castle began and on 14 May 1487 the steward Erland Kagge was forced to capitulate. On September 3 the same year was appointed Privy Council and the Judge Gregers Matsson (Lillie) to new slottshövitsman. From his time the accounts for 1487-1492 are preserved. After Gregers, several people had command of

1178-448: The administration uniform all over Sweden. The amalgamations of municipalities reduced the number of local government units from a maximum of 2,532 in 1930 to less than 300 today. Consequently, by 1970 most municipalities contained both rural and urban areas. Since the urban and rural municipalities also with time got the same duties towards citizens, it became unnecessary to differentiate between towns and other municipalities, as all had

1240-615: The aid of Pskov and with minimal aid from Moscow . Magnus fell back, in large part due to the ravages of the plague farther West. While he spent much of 1351 trying to drum up support for further crusading action among the German cities in the Baltic States, he never returned to attack Novgorod. In 1355, Magnus sent a ship (or ships) to Greenland to inspect its Western and Eastern Settlements . Sailors found settlements entirely Norse and Christian. The Greenland carrier ( Groenlands Knorr ) made

1302-409: The castle but only for short periods: Privy Councilman Arvid Trolle , Knight Nils Bosson (Sture) and Knight Erik Turesson (Bielke) . In the summer of 1499 John I appointed Svante Nilsson (Sture) to new owners in the fief of Stegeborg. Svante had wanted to succeed his father Nils Bosson, but had been passed over by Sten Sture. Now Castle County had diminished and no longer received revenues from

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1364-421: The castle in a satisfactory condition but could not prevent its dilapidation. In 1707 the castle was examined by the commission to decide what to do. The proposed repairs would have been very expensive. The following year all the wooden buildings on the island were auctioned off. Governor Erik Ehrenkrona proposed in the 1720s that three of the four barracks would be demolished and the fourth re-equipped. On behalf of

1426-522: The cities of Söderköping and Norrköping . After many years of service in Rome Hemming Gadh returned to Sweden and became a Bishop of Linköping in January 1501. Surviving correspondence reveals that Hemming was a frequent guest at Stegeborg. During the summer of 1501 a rebellion broke out against King Hans. In August, three of the king's 14 ships attempted to enter Slätbaken and conquer Stegeborg but

1488-558: The consent of the king. In 1335, Magnus outlawed thralldom (slavery) for thralls "born by Christian parents" in Västergötland and Värend , being the last parts of Sweden where slavery had remained legal. This put an end to Medieval Swedish slavery – though it was only applicable within the borders of Sweden, which left an opening – used long afterwards – for the 17th- and 18th-century Swedish slave trade . Relations were quiet between Sweden and Novgorod until 1348, when Magnus led

1550-562: The discretion of the Riksdag or the monarch , but they could include a permanent town council hall and a prison. In the majority of cases, before a town received its charter, it would have previously been given the status of köping or "merchant town". Exceptions to this would be when a town was founded under Royal supervision, in which case it would often bear the name of the monarch, such as Kristianstad or Karlskrona (named after kings Christian IV of Denmark and Karl XI of Sweden ). In

1612-477: The ducal title passed on to the eldest living son, Karl Gustav . Two years later Karl Gustav's succeeded his cousin Queen Christina and became King Charles X Gustav of Sweden, whereupon the ducal title was transferred to Karl Gustav's younger brother Adolph John , who then resided in the castle until his death in 1689. After his death the castle reverted to the crown. The governor of Östergötland tried to keep

1674-545: The east) received a window shade on either side, a middle section and a lantern, a garden facade was narrower trimmed hood (which includes the three middle windows) window and two cups on each side. Putsornamentiken changed and became more uniform, black-glazed roof tiles were retained (now slate). The plaster was originally beige, but is now off-white. Inside the palace received a partial change of floorplan. The ground floor, formerly storage space, received an entirely new set of library furnishings, men's dining room and pantries in

1736-530: The eastern facade and rooms and servants' dining room with kitchen area to the west. The main entrance leads into the hall which has a double staircase to the upper hall. The parade floor has among other things two lounges and bedrooms to the east. The third floor has a billiard room in the place that previously housed the Schwerinska Library (now in Thorönsborg ). A reflecting pool was built in front of

1798-556: The increase in taxes to pay for the acquisition of the Scanian province, some Swedish nobles supported by the Church attempted to oust Magnus, setting up his elder son Eric as king. Eric died supposedly of the plague in 1359, with his wife Beatrix and their son. On 12 August 1323, Magnus concluded the first treaty between Sweden and Novgorod (represented by Grand Prince Yury of Moscow ) at Nöteborg ( Orekhov ) where Lake Ladoga empties into

1860-565: The king of Denmark, Christopher II , died as a "king without a country" after he and his older brother and predecessor had pawned Denmark piece by piece. King Magnus took advantage of his neighbour's distress, redeeming the pawn for the eastern Danish provinces for a huge amount of silver, and thus became ruler also of Scania . On 21 July 1336, Magnus was crowned king of both Norway and Sweden in Stockholm . This caused further resentment in Norway, where

1922-472: The landing attempt failed. After the death of Sten Sture, Svante Nilsson was elected on January 21, 1504, to the regency. It was probably not until 1506 before the Privy Council Trotte Månsson (Eka) was appointed the new castle bailiff. Trotte was faithful to Svante Nilsson and remained sheriff until his death in 1512. Holger Karlsson Gera was appointed the fiefdome in 1513. Holger's wife

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1984-411: The latest the bishop's farm was sold to king Birger . Subsequently, a castle was built on the islet, which is in the sea channel leading toward Söderköping. Its appearance and extent are unknown. The edifice was probably not too extensive, as the island is currently not large and post-glacial isostatic rebound in Östergötland has resulted in land elevation of two meters since the 14th century. During

2046-509: The manor outside the Bishop of Linköping. This eventually led to accusations from both bishop Brask and Nils Bosson (Grip) and he was one of those beheaded at Stockholm Bloodbath 1520th. During the Dacke Feud the castle was attacked but never captured. The castle was renovated in the 1540s. Esbjörn Pedersson Lilliehöök was the bailiff of Stegeborg between 1555–1560. King John III of Sweden

2108-507: The new king. Stockholm and Kalmar , with large Hanseatic populations, also welcomed the intervention. Albert was proclaimed King of Sweden and crowned on 18 February 1364. Magnus found refuge with his younger son in Norway. According to Icelandic annals, he drowned in a shipwreck at Lyngholmen in Bømlafjorden on 1 December 1374. He had retained his sovereignty over Iceland until his death. In spite of his many formal expansions his rule

2170-635: The new steward. After the 1436 meeting of the Council of the Realm in Söderköping, Nils Stensson (Natt och Dag) was appointed. In 1438 Karl Knutsson (Bonde) had been appointed regent and demanded that Nils yield Stegeborg to him. Nils refused and began a siege in February 1439. In July it was agreed that Nils would voluntarily yield the castle in September unless King Eric sent some relief. King Eric came to Stegeborg during

2232-674: The nobles and magnates desired a separate Norwegian coronation. A second rising by members of the high nobility of Norway ensued in 1338. In 1335, he married Blanche , daughter of John I, Marquis of Namur , and Marie of Artois, a descendant of Louis VIII of France . The wedding took place in October or early November 1335, possibly at Bohus castle. As a wedding gift Blanche received the province of Tunsberg in Norway and Lödöse in Sweden as fiefs. They had two sons, Eric and Haakon, plus at least two daughters who died in infancy and were buried at Ås Abbey . Opposition to Magnus' rule in Norway led to

2294-453: The palace (today filled in) and a large orchard was designed by Danish landscape architect I. P. Andersen. The gardener's house (now a hotel) and a number of residential buildings was also built according to plans by Clason. A stable was designed by Clason but was never built. Stegeborg is owned today (2010) by the Danielsson family who operate a major tourist activity in the yard. An airfield

2356-485: The period 1310–1316 the king sent several letters from Stegeborg and one can assume that he remained there for long periods. After the Nyköping Banquet a rebellion broke out against King Birger. He left Stegeborg and sailed to Visby , but left his son Magnus Birgersson as commander of Stegeborg. The castle was besieged, presumably from Easter until the end of August 1318. Magnus was taken prisoner to Stockholm and

2418-436: The province of Scania . Because homosexuality was a mortal sin and vehemently scorned at that time, rumours about the king's alleged love relationship with Algotsson, and other erotic escapades, were spread by his enemies, particularly by some noblemen who referred to mystical visions of St. Bridget . Bridget and these allegations caused Magnus in posterity to be given the epithet of Magnus smek (Magnus Caress) and caused him

2480-506: The round tower attained its present height. In addition, a castle church was added to the north wing. Several of the Vasa kings lived in Stegeborg, which was allotted 1652–1689 to the Palatine counts John Casimir (died 1652) and Adolph John . The crown sold the castle in the 1730s for building materials. The bottom floor's large masonry protected it against complete destruction. Until 1689 the castle

2542-799: The same powers. Since 1 January 1971, all municipalities are designated as kommun , regardless of their former status. Most of the urban areas of Sweden which once were chartered towns are today still usually referred to as stad . The majority of them are also house the seat of their respective municipalities though the term is no longer an administrative term. In some municipalities there can be more than one former town, e.g. Eskilstuna and Torshälla in Eskilstuna Municipality , Kungälv and Marstrand in Kungälv Municipality , or Jönköping , Huskvarna and Gränna , which all three now are part of Jönköping Municipality . The town of Visby

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2604-587: The summer to summon the Privy Council. Karl Knutsson and Eric's negotiators met in Arkösund but no agreement was reached. In late August, Eric returned to Gotland and in the autumn Stegeborg was handed to the Privy Council. The new sheriff was Erengisle Nilsson the younger (Hammerstaätten) . Erengisle seems to have been friendly to the Kalmar Union but was fired as sheriff in 1463 when the king suspected him of sympathizing with Karl Knutsson. The house of Oxenstierna

2666-475: The term stad as a locality with more than 10,000 inhabitants of which there are currently 127. Largest urban areas in 1850: Largest urban areas in 1900: Magnus IV of Sweden Magnus Eriksson (April or May 1316  – 1 December 1374) was King of Sweden from 1319 to 1364, King of Norway as Magnus VII from 1319 to 1355, and ruler of Scania from 1332 to 1360. By adversaries he has been called Magnus Smek ( lit.   ' Magnus

2728-498: The title of stad . Of the new towns chartered between 1901 and 1951 (44, making the total number of towns 133), not a single one was given its own jurisdiction, but remained under what was called landsrätt ("rural jurisdiction"). In the middle of the 20th century many administrative reforms were carried out that continued to diminish the difference between rural and urban areas. Police forces and district courts , as well as taxation, were centralized under state agencies, making

2790-537: The von Schwerins (1739–1863). Stegeborg was protected in 1901. In 1938 the Swedish National Heritage Board received a small sum to clear the location of trees and shrubs and the most severely damaged parts of the masonry were repaired. During the years 1948–1955 the heritage board was assisted by national servicemen to excavate the ruins, repair the worst damage and raise protective roofing over certain parts. The new main building (a private residence)

2852-449: The water which blocked the channel. The oldest of these systems has been dated between the 7th and 9th century. Pilings dating back to the 11th century have been discovered in the waters north of the island. The purpose of the piling barriers was to prevent or hinder shipping. These pilings were still extant in the 19th century, and therefore vessels had to pass the island on the south side to reach Söderköping. The early history of Stegeborg

2914-489: Was Eric, Duke of Södermanland , son of King Magnus Ladulås of Sweden and his mother was Ingeborg , daughter of King Haakon V of Norway. Magnus was elected king of Sweden on 8 July 1319 at Mora Thing to prevent the previous king Birger Magnusson , his uncle, from returning to power. Magnus was also acknowledged as the hereditary king of Norway at Haugating in Tønsberg in August of the same year. After his mother Ingeborg

2976-637: Was a cousin of Archbishop Gustav Trolle , which probably was a burden on him in Sture party . In June 1517 the Danish navy managed to burn Söderköping despite Stegeborg blocking the entrance. It is likely, though, that the fleet entered the Bråviken and then landed a military force. 1518 Stegeborg got a new commander, the Privy Council Erik Ryning . In the summer of 1520 he defeated a Danish force that protected

3038-414: Was again property of the church. On February 28, 1350 the bishop of Linköping Peter Tyrgilsson signed a letter at the manor ( in manerio nostro Skældowijk ). During the dynastic conflicts between King Magnus and Erik Magnusson in the 1350s, Skällvik manor was held by bishop Nils Markusson . The bishop had taken sides with Erik, and in 1356 the manor was attacked and badly damaged; it is likely that this

3100-508: Was also supportive of the Union, and the new sheriff was Erik Nilsson (Oxenstierna). However, the Oxenstierna family lost power in Sweden in 1467 and in their stead Ivar Axelsson (Tott) was appointed as steward instead, by his brother, who was regent. Ivar was married to Karl Knutsson's daughter Magdalena of Sweden , which meant a change of allegiance to the group that opposed the Union. By order of

3162-441: Was born and raised in the castle and in 1578 he decided on the continuation of construction on the castle. This castle became more of a Renaissance palace than a medieval castle. Work continued until 1590. In 1622 the castle was conferred, along with some hundreds ( härader ) to Gustav II Adolf 's brother-in-law John Casimir of Pfalz-Zweibrücken , who in 1651 was entitled Duke of Stegeborg . After John Casimir's death in 1652

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3224-571: Was built in the Skällsvik meadow, where the Battle of Stegeborg was fought. The castle ruins are now also a port tavern and a marina. Swedish city Stad (Swedish: ' town; city ' ; plural städer ) is a Swedish term that historically was used for urban centers of various sizes. Since 1971, stad has no administrative or legal significance in Sweden. The status of towns in Sweden

3286-485: Was considered a period of decline both for the Swedish royal power and for Sweden as a whole. Foreign nations like Denmark (after its recovery in 1340) and Mecklenburg intervened and Magnus does not seem to have been able to counter internal opposition that arose. He was regarded as a weak king and criticised for giving favourites too much power. Magnus's young favourite courtier was Bengt Algotsson , whom he elevated to Duke of Finland and Halland , as well as Viceroy of

3348-494: Was formerly granted by a royal charter , comparable to the United Kingdom 's status of borough or burgh before the 1970s or city status today. Unless given such town privileges , a municipality could not call itself stad . To receive the privileges, there were several requirements a municipality needed to fulfill, like being of a certain size, and to have certain facilities. The criteria varied over time as they were at

3410-655: Was inserted into the Russian Sofia First Chronicle , composed in Novgorod; it claimed that Magnus did not, in fact, drown at sea, but saw the errors of his ways and converted to Orthodoxy , becoming a monk in a Novgorodian monastery in Karelia . The account is apocryphal . Most of the Kristin Lavransdatter trilogy by Sigrid Undset takes place in Norway during Magnus's reign. He appears in one scene, and

3472-473: Was on the order of the king. How much was destroyed is unknown, but when Duke Albert of Mecklenburg attacked Sweden in 1363, even Söderköping was attacked, indicating that Albert's fleet had been able to pass Skällvik unhindered. What is clear is that the Skällsvik manor disappeared and that someone rebuilt Stegeborg on the island in the channel. One guess is that Albert, who rebuilt both Nyköping Castle and Stäkeholm , also rebuilt Stegeborg. In 1391 Stegeborg

3534-553: Was owned by the Crown, and Margaret had appointed the Danish knight Evert Moltke as sheriff. The diocese complained that he forced the peasants to pay additional taxes, despite crop failures. On Midsummer's Day 1394 Söderköping was attacked by the Victual Brothers . These pirates attacked with a large force and apparently passed Stegeborg without being stopped. A few years later, Moltke

3596-412: Was removed from the regency in 1322–1323, the countries were ruled by local magnates until Magnus came of age. Magnus was declared to have come of age at 15 in 1331. This provoked resistance in Norway, where a statute from 1302 stipulated that a king came of age at the age of 20, and a rising by Erling Vidkunsson and other Norwegian nobles ensued. In 1333, the rebels submitted to King Magnus. In 1332,

3658-665: Was sentenced to death in June 1320. He is buried in Riddarholmskyrkan in Stockholm next to Magnus III of Sweden . According to the Eric Chronicles Stegeborg was demolished after the capitulation. Karl Bååt , bishop of Linköping , sought to reacquire the Skällsvik farm for the diocese. He was able to receive Skällsvik and the castle ruins as a gift from duke Eric's widow Ingeborg of Norway on January 27, 1321. Karl then spent

3720-418: Was that a stad had its own jurisdiction , i.e. independent town courts. There were also laws on urban planning and building ( Byggnadstadgan 1874 ), fire prevention ( Brandstadgan 1874 ), public order ( Ordningsstadgan 1868 ) and public health ( Hälsovårdsstadgan 1874 ) which were compulsory applicable to towns. Prior to 1900, the two minor towns of Borgholm and Haparanda lost their courts, but retained

3782-429: Was the center of the Östergötland archipelago's local government. The new palace, a whitewashed three-storey building in neoclassical style , located at the former southern royal farm , was built in 1806. The castle is mentioned in 1310 as Stækaborg : the name comes from stæk , mediaeval Swedish for stock , pile , or the other place name Stäket . "Stäk" refers to several systems of pilings - stakes - submerged in

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3844-481: Was transferred and Esbjörn Krisiernsson Djäkn became the new sheriff. In the diary of Vadstena Abbey he was called a disgusting tyrant. In 1414 Jöns Fridfinnsson became sheriff. He had been sheriff at Västerås Castle , where the populace had complained to the king about his abuses. Almost nothing is known about his behaviour at Stegeborg. When King Erik in the 1420s made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem , he met in Budapest

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