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28-413: MIPS , an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages , was a research project conducted by John L. Hennessy at Stanford University between 1981 and 1984. MIPS investigated a type of instruction set architecture (ISA) now called reduced instruction set computer (RISC), its implementation as a microprocessor with very large scale integration (VLSI) semiconductor technology, and

56-534: A Stanford faculty member in 1977. In 1981, he began the MIPS project to investigate RISC processors , and in 1984, he used his sabbatical year to found MIPS Computer Systems Inc. to commercialize the technology developed by his research. In 1987, he became the Willard and Inez Kerr Bell Endowed Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Hennessy was director of Stanford's Computer System Laboratory (1989–93),

84-491: A plaque at UC Berkeley to commemorate the contribution of RISC-I in Soda Hall at UC Berkeley. The plaque reads: On March 21, 2018, he was awarded the 2017 ACM A.M. Turing Award together with John L. Hennessy for developing RISC. The award attributed them for pioneering "a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the microprocessor industry". In 2022 he

112-653: A research center run by Stanford's Electrical Engineering and Computer Science departments. He was chair of the Department of Computer Science (1994–96) and Dean of the School of Engineering (1996–99). In 1999, Stanford President Gerhard Casper appointed Hennessy to succeed Condoleezza Rice as Provost of Stanford University. When Casper stepped down to focus on teaching in 2000, the Stanford Board of Trustees named Hennessy to succeed Casper as president. In 2008, Hennessy earned

140-542: A salary of $ 1,091,589 ($ 702,771 base salary, $ 259,592 deferred benefits, $ 129,226 non-tax benefits), the 23rd highest among all American university presidents. Hennessy has been a board member of Google (later Alphabet Inc. ), Cisco Systems , Atheros Communications , and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation . He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2008. On October 14, 2010, Hennessy

168-658: Is ISBN   978-0128119051 ) and Computer Organization and Design RISC-V Edition: the Hardware/Software Interface (5 editions—latest is ISBN   978-0128122761 ). They have been widely used as textbooks for graduate and undergraduate courses since 1990. His most recent book is with Andrew Waterman on the open architecture RISC-V : The RISC-V Reader: An Open Architecture Atlas (1st Edition) ( ISBN   978-0999249109 ). His articles include: Patterson's work has been recognized by about 40 awards for research, teaching, and service, including Fellow of

196-514: Is an American computer scientist and academic who has held the position of professor of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley since 1976. He is a computer pioneer . He announced retirement in 2016 after serving nearly forty years, becoming a distinguished software engineer at Google . He currently is vice chair of the board of directors of the RISC-V Foundation, and

224-668: Is now used in 99% of new computer chips. Hennessy was raised in Huntington, New York , as one of six children. His father was an aerospace engineer, and his mother was a teacher before raising her children. He is of Irish-Catholic descent, with some of his ancestors arriving in America during the potato famine in the 19th century. He earned his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Villanova University , and his master's degree and Doctor of Philosophy in computer science from Stony Brook University . Hennessy became

252-447: Is word-addressed). A 32-bit instruction word could contain two 16-bit operations. These were included to reduce the size of machine code. The MIPS microprocessor was implemented in NMOS logic . John L. Hennessy Along with David Patterson , Hennessy was a recipient of the 2017 Turing Award for their work in developing the reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture, which

280-707: The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and by election to the National Academy of Engineering , National Academy of Sciences , and the Silicon Valley Engineering Hall of Fame. In 2005, he and Hennessy shared Japan 's Computer & Communication award and, in 2006, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and

308-646: The DLX RISC architecture. They have been widely used as textbooks for graduate and undergraduate courses since 1990. Hennessy also contributed to updating Donald Knuth 's MIX processor to the MMIX . Both are model computers used in Knuth's classic series, The Art of Computer Programming . MMIX is Knuth's DLX equivalent. Hennessy is married to Andrea Berti, whom he met in high school. David Patterson (computer scientist) David Andrew Patterson (born November 16, 1947)

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336-754: The Eckert–Mauchly Award in 2001 by the Association for Computing Machinery , the Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award in 2001 by the IEEE Computer Society , and, again with David Patterson, the Turing Award in 2017 by the ACM. The project was initiated in 1981 in response to reports of similar projects at IBM (the 801 ) and the University of California, Berkeley (the RISC ). MIPS

364-685: The National Academy of Sciences and received the Distinguished Service Award from the Computing Research Association . In 2007 he was named a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for fundamental contributions to engineering education, advances in computer architecture, and the integration of leading-edge research with education." That same year, he was also named a Fellow of the American Association for

392-846: The Network of Workstations (NOW) project at Berkeley, an early effort in the area of computer clustering . Past chair of the Computer Science Division at U.C. Berkeley and the Computing Research Association , he served on the Information Technology Advisory Committee for the U.S. President (PITAC) during 2003–05 and was elected president of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) for 2004–06. He has advised several notable Ph.D. students, including: Patterson co-authored seven books, including two with John L. Hennessy on computer architecture : Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach (6 editions—latest

420-582: The main memory and 32 general-purpose registers (GPRs). All other instructions, such as integer arithmetic, operated on the GPRs. It possessed a basic instruction set consisting of instructions for control flow , integer arithmetic, and logical operations. To minimize pipeline stalls, all instructions except for load and store had to be executed in one clock cycle . There were no instructions for integer multiplication or division, or operations for floating-point numbers . The architecture exposed all hazards caused by

448-668: The 2017 Turing Award for their work in developing RISC. David Patterson grew up in Evergreen Park, Illinois . He graduated from South High School in Torrance, California . He then attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics in 1969. He continued on to obtain his Master of Science degree in 1970 and PhD in 1976, both in Computer Science at UCLA . Patterson's PhD

476-853: The Advancement of Science . In 2008, he won the ACM Distinguished Service Award , the ACM-IEEE Eckert-Mauchly Award , and was recognized by the School of Engineering at UCLA for Alumni Achievement in Academia. Since then he has won the ACM-SIGARCH Distinguished Service Award, ACM-SIGOPS Hall of Fame Award, and the 2012 Jean-Claude Laprie Award in Dependable Computing from IFIP Working Group 10.4 on Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance. In 2016 he

504-698: The Pardee Professor of Computer Science, Emeritus at UC Berkeley. Patterson is noted for his pioneering contributions to reduced instruction set computer (RISC) design, having coined the term RISC, and by leading the Berkeley RISC project. As of 2018, 99% of all new chips use a RISC architecture. He is also noted for leading the research on redundant arrays of inexpensive disks ( RAID ) storage, with Randy Katz . His books on computer architecture , co-authored with John L. Hennessy , are widely used in computer science education . Hennessy and Patterson won

532-422: The commercial MIPS ISA is owned by Imagination Technologies , and is used mainly in embedded computers. In the late 1980s, a follow-up project called MIPS-X was conducted by Hennessy at Stanford. The MIPS ISA was based on a 32-bit word. It supported 32-bit addressing, and was word-addressed. It was a load/store architecture —all references to memory used load and store instructions that copied data between

560-545: The effective exploitation of RISC architectures with optimizing compilers . MIPS, together with the IBM 801 and Berkeley RISC , were the three research projects that pioneered and popularized RISC technology in the mid-1980s. In recognition of the impact MIPS made on computing, Hennessey was awarded the IEEE John von Neumann Medal in 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (shared with David A. Patterson ),

588-455: The fall of 2018. In February 2018, Hennessy was announced as the new Chairman of Alphabet Inc. , Google 's parent company. Hennessy has a history of strong interest and involvement in college-level computer education. He co-authored, with David Patterson , two well-known books on computer architecture , Computer Organization and Design: the Hardware/Software Interface and Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach , which introduced

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616-473: The five-stage pipeline with delay slots . The compiler scheduled instructions to avoid hazards resulting in incorrect computation whilst simultaneously ensuring that the generated code minimized execution time. MIPS instructions are 16 or 32 bit long. The decision to expose all hazards was motivated by the desire to maximize performance by minimizing critical paths, which interlock circuits lengthened. Instructions were packed into 32-bit instruction words (as MIPS

644-519: The judging panel for the subsequent awards in 2015 and 2017. In June 2015, Hennessy announced that he would step down as Stanford president in summer 2016. In 2016, Hennessy co-founded the Knight-Hennessy Scholars program; he serves as its inaugural director. The program has a $ 750 million endowment to fully fund graduate students at Stanford for up to three years. The inaugural class of 51 scholars from 21 countries arrived at Stanford in

672-472: Was advised by David F. Martin and Gerald Estrin . Patterson is an important advocate and developer of the concept of reduced instruction set computing and coined the term "RISC". He led the Berkeley RISC project from 1980, with Carlo H. Sequin , where the technique of register windows was introduced. He is also one of the innovators of the redundant arrays of independent disks ( RAID ) together with Randy Katz and Garth Gibson . Patterson also led

700-469: Was awarded the Charles Stark Draper Prize by the National Academy of Engineering alongside John L. Hennessy , Steve Furber and Sophie Wilson for contributions to the invention, development, and implementation of reduced instruction set computer (RISC) chips. From 2003 to 2012 he rode in the annual Waves to Wine MS charity event as part of Bike MS ; a 2-day cycling adventure. He was

728-563: Was conducted by Hennessy and his graduate students until its conclusion in 1984. Hennessey founded MIPS Computer Systems in the same year to commercialize the technology developed by the project. In 1985, MIPS Computer Systems announced a new ISA, also called MIPS , and its first implementation, the R2000 microprocessor. The commercial MIPS ISA, and its implementations went on to be widely used, appearing in embedded computers, personal computers, workstations, servers, and supercomputers. As of May 2017,

756-735: Was given the Richard A. Tapia Achievement Award for Scientific Scholarship, Civic Science and Diversifying Computing. For 2020 he was awarded the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Information and Communication Technologies. At the 2013 California Raw Championships, he set the American Powerlifting Record for the state of California for his weight class and age group in bench press, dead lift, squat, and all three combined lifts. On February 12, 2015, IEEE installed

784-522: Was presented a khata by the 14th Dalai Lama before the latter addressed Maples Pavilion . In December 2010, Hennessy coauthored an editorial with Harvard University President Drew Gilpin Faust urging the passage of the DREAM Act ; the legislation did not pass the 111th United States Congress . In 2013, Hennessy became a judge for the inaugural Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering . He has remained on

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