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23-684: The Springburn Winter Gardens is a former large winter garden located at Springburn Park in the Springburn district of the Scottish city of Glasgow , constructed in 1900. The building was damaged in a storm and fell out of use in 1983 but was saved from planned demolition on 22 March 1985, when the Scottish Office included the structure on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest , at category A. Springburn Park

46-582: A cast iron staircase with a cast iron balustrade . The largest structure of its kind in Scotland, it is approximately 180 feet (55 metres) long and 9,060 sq ft (840 m) in area. It is one of five large glasshouse or conservatory structures in Glasgow, along with those at the Glasgow Botanic Gardens , People's Palace on Glasgow Green , Queen's Park and Tollcross Park . Cuningham House,

69-551: A glass roof, usually in the Classical or Gothic styles. While in the 19th century many of these conservatories were made out of iron and curvilinear glass. Winter gardens were not just restricted to private residence; many were built for the greater public. The first large public winter garden was built in 1842–46 in Regent's Park , and was used for evening occasions, large flower shows and social gatherings. Other winter gardens, such as

92-460: A number of technologies to ensure glass is as energy efficient as possible, ensuring it lets in the maximum light possible while maintaining a steady temperature throughout summer and winter. Technologies include argon-impregnated glass, easy clean coatings, heat reflective film, thermal ribbons or thermal breaks – hollow sections of glass that intercept heat. The latest glass technologies involve self-tinting glass that darkens as heat builds up during

115-575: Is a building or room having glass or other transparent roofing and walls, used as a greenhouse or a sunroom . Usually it refers to a space attached to a conventional building such as a house, especially in the United Kingdom. Elsewhere, especially in America, it can often refer to a large freestanding glass-walled building in a botanic garden or park, sometimes also called a palm house if tall enough for trees. Municipal conservatories became popular in

138-412: Is that the plants may become dormant when snow covers the ground, but will grow each time the sun heats at least part of the plant to above freezing temperature , even if there is snow. This is especially the case in regions where snow cover and below-freezing temperatures are not constant for months at a time. Common winter garden vegetables include: Conservatory (greenhouse) A conservatory

161-464: The Crystal Palace by Sir Joseph Paxton in 1851, were soon built and used for a variety of purposes. The modern winter garden is usually a garden planted either to produce food, or at least to remain visibly planted and slowly develop, throughout the winter, or else a garden whose plants will serve as living decoration all winter. One basic premise to the winter garden in temperate or colder regions

184-523: The building by Glasgow District Council in 1985, the building was granted listed status by the Scottish Office two days before the planning committee was due to consider the demolition application. In 1990 the structure was placed on the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland. Despite various proposals for restoration, no subsequent use has been found for decades. In 2014 the condition of the winter garden

207-605: The building from collapse was undertaken during 2017. An £8 million restoration programme by Collective Architecture to convert the building into a major events and performance venue was unveiled by the Trust in October 2020. The structure is located in the southwest of Springburn Park. Seven steel lattice arches form the supporting structure. They rest on a 3.6m high red brick wall . The rounded edges with formerly overlapping glass elements were added later. Two greenhouse wings are accessed via

230-524: The cold season. Known in Italy as limonaia, these early structures employed wood panels or open galleries to protect from the cold. Further north in Europe, the preservation of orange trees became the trend with special-purpose buildings built to protect the tasty, but delicate fruit. Orangeries , as they came to be called, were typically enclosed structures built with wood, brick or stone with tall vertical windows on

253-600: The development of simple sunroom structures, it was not until the 1970s that creative architects and builders began to recreate the Victorian styling of 19th-century English conservatories in smaller domestic versions using insulated glass. In contemporary construction, a conservatory differs from an orangery in having more than 75% of its roof surface made from glass. Frame and roof materials include aluminium, PVCu and timber. A conservatory by definition must have more than 50% of its wall surface glazed. Contemporary conservatories use

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276-536: The early 19th century. Many cities, especially those in cold climates and with large European populations, have built municipal conservatories to display tropical plants and hold flower displays. This type of conservatory was popular in the early nineteenth century, and by the end of the century people were also giving them a social use (e.g., tea parties). Conservatory architecture varies from typical Victorian glasshouses to modern styles, such as geodesic domes. Many were large and impressive structures and are included in

299-510: The image of an ornate structure, echoing the traditions of that Victorian era of conservatory building. Modern conservatories tend also to be graced with a traditional cresting and finial, along with single, double patio or even bi-folding doors. These structures have been designed and built around the world, in private gardens, parks, and botanical institutions. Smaller garden conservatories have become popular, which may be dual-function, equally devoted to horticulture and recreation , or favor

322-498: The latter, as a solarium or sunroom . Conservatories originated in the 16th century when wealthy landowners sought to cultivate citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges that began to appear on their dinner tables brought by traders from warmer regions of the Mediterranean . Preservation of citrus and other tender plants started out as crudely as building a pergola over potted plants or beds, or simply moving potted plants indoors for

345-455: The list below. In the UK , the legal definition of a conservatory is a building that has at least 50% of its side wall area glazed and at least 75% of its roof glazed with translucent materials, either polycarbonate sheeting or glass. Today, the terms sunroom, solarium and conservatory are used interchangeably by the public, but in general the term conservatory and particularly English conservatory evoke

368-672: The main glasshouse in Christchurch Botanic Gardens is a replica of Springburn Winter Gardens, built in 1923. 55°53′20.5″N 4°13′37.1″W  /  55.889028°N 4.226972°W  / 55.889028; -4.226972 Winter garden The origin of the winter garden dates back to the 17th to 19th centuries where European nobility constructed large conservatories that housed tropical and subtropical plants and acted as an extension of their living space. Many of these were attached to their main palaces. Earlier versions were constructed of masonry with large windows and

391-517: The plants and animals living together. Other examples include the Great Palm House at Kew Gardens that was built in 1844, built by Decimus Burton and the Crystal Palace , built for London's Great Exhibition of 1851 by Sir Joseph Paxton. The widespread construction of UK conservatories came to a halt with the onset of World War II. While the advent of insulated glass in the 1950s and 1960s saw

414-501: The south walls. The citrus trees were typically in huge pots or tubs, and wheeled outside for the summer months, as at the Gardens of Versailles . Use of these rooms expanded socially and practically, being used to entertain and to host a wider variety of plants. The term greenhouse came to describe the rooms and conservatories for tender plants. In the 18th century, sloped glass began to be used in conservatory design to allow more light into

437-406: The structure, enhancing conditions for plant growth. This innovation may have been influenced by the work of Dutch scientist Jan Ingenhousz, who studied the role of light in photosynthesis. However, while his research likely contributed to advancements in horticultural practices, it is not definitively known if he directly influenced the adoption of sloping glass for conservatories The 19th century

460-539: Was classified as a ruin at critical risk. After local community activists campaigned against the demolition of Springburn Public Halls in 2012, the Springburn Winter Gardens Trust was founded as a registered Scottish Charitable Incorporated Organisation in 2013, and has progressively worked towards a restoration plan for the building. Founding trustees included local politicians Paul Sweeney and Patricia Ferguson . An emergency repairs programme to save

483-531: Was opened by Glasgow Corporation in 1892 and laid out to a design by the City Engineer, A. B. McDonald . The local Reid family owned the nearby Hyde Park Locomotive Works and lived in a large mansion, Belmont House, located at the north side of the park. The family gifted a bandstand, built by the Saracen Foundry , to the park in 1893 and also donated £12,000 to build Springburn Public Halls . The condition

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506-541: Was that the Glasgow Corporation should pay for a winter garden in the park. Nevertheless, the family also made £10,000 available for the construction of the glasshouse by the company Simpson & Farmer of Partick between 1899 and 1900. The steel used came from the Temple Ironworks at Anniesland and Glengarnock Steelworks. Today the building is only preserved as a ruin. To prevent a planned demolition of

529-548: Was the golden age of conservatory building, primarily in England. English conservatories were the product of English love of gardening and new technology in glass and heating technology. Many of the magnificent public conservatories, built of iron and glass, are the result of this era. Kew Gardens in London is an example of a large greenhouse used for growing tender and rare plants, or, less often, for birds and rare animals – sometimes with

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