18-628: See text The Sporocadaceae are a family of fungi , that was formerly in the order Xylariales . It was placed in the Amphisphaeriales order in 2020. Species of Sporocadaceae are endophytic (living with a plant), plant pathogenic (causing disease) or saprobic (processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter). They are associated with a wide range of host plants. They are also endophytes or parasitic on humans and animals. Some of them are confirmed to cause human and animal diseases. For example, Pestalotiopsis spp. have been isolated from
36-449: A bronchial biopsy, corneal abrasions, eyes, feet, fingernails, scalp, and sinuses from the human body. Members of Sporocadaceae are also known as 'pestalotioid fungi', which refers to genera resembling those taxa having affinities with Pestalotia . A former genus, whose species are now split between Pestalotiopsis , Neopestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis . 'Pestalotia' also encompasses genus Seiridium . The family Sporocadaceae
54-554: A lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community for extended periods. The continual publication of new data and diverse opinions plays a crucial role in facilitating adjustments and ultimately reaching a consensus over time. The naming of families is codified by various international bodies using the following suffixes: The taxonomic term familia was first used by French botanist Pierre Magnol in his Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur (1689) where he called
72-524: Is a species of flowering plant in the Rutaceae , the citrus family. It was first described and published in Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. vol.4 (Issue 2) on page 137 in 1845 by botanists Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini . It is native to central and eastern China, as well as temperate eastern Asia, which includes Japan, Korea , Manchuria , Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan . It
90-499: Is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family— or whether a described family should be acknowledged— is established and decided upon by active taxonomists . There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to
108-480: Is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy . It is classified between order and genus . A family may be divided into subfamilies , which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae , but that family
126-459: Is unlikely that the diversity of secondary metabolites detected in Pestalotiopsis is an exception within the family. Therefore, a large number of potential novel metabolites might be hidden and await discovery. The natural classification system proposed for Sporocadaceae in this study could thus present a major step to screen for novel metabolites in future studies. Most fungal genera within
144-502: The Genera Plantarum of George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker this word ordo was used for what now is given the rank of family. Families serve as valuable units for evolutionary, paleontological, and genetic studies due to their relatively greater stability compared to lower taxonomic levels like genera and species. Zanthoxylum schinifolium Zanthoxylum schinifolium , also called mastic-leaf prickly ash ,
162-626: The Sporocadaceae family have multi-septate (cavity walls) and more or less fusiform (spindle-like shaped) conidia with appendages at one or both ends, frequently with some melanised cells. This genus has undergone many rearrangements since it was first introduced by Italian botanist, lichenologist and mycologist De Notaris (1805–1877), in 1841. The morphology of the asexual morph genera having acervular (an open, saucer-shaped asexual fruiting body) conidiomata that produce hyaline (resembling glass), pale or dark brown, septate conidia were taken into
180-1520: The consideration by various botanic authors when they were assigned to the family. Pestalotia-like asexual morphs were classified in Amphisphaeriaceae (Samuels et al. 1987), accommodating 36 genera (Hawksworth et al. 1995). They are associated with a wide range of host plants, including grapevines in China, Rosa spp. Camellia oleifera (Tea-oil tree) in China, Many of the Sporocadaceae species were reported as important plant pathogenic fungi that mainly harm various economic crops, such as tea ( Camellia sinensis ), blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum ), and elephant apple, ( Dillenia indica ). Genera Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis cause twig blight and dieback on blueberry plants in Portugal. Genera Neopestalotiopsis , Pestalotiopsis , and Seiridium are found on woody oil plants such as; ( Camellia oleifera , Olea europaea (Olive), Paeonia suffruticosa , Sapium sebiferum , and Vernicia fordii ) in Sichuan Province , China. Species of Pestalotiopsis are found on Fagaceae leaves within China. Species Pestalotiopsis kenyana causes leaf spot disease on Zanthoxylum schinifolium (a species of prickly ash) in Sichuan Province, China. Pestalotioid fungi are also one of
198-540: The family (Jaklitsch et al. 2016b). The 2019 study by Liu et al. (2019a), provided a revision of this family complete with morphology and multi-gene phylogeny based on the LSU, ITS and rpb2 sequence data and further analysis using protein coding genes (tef1 or tub2) for each genus. The family comprised 35 genera in 2022. It was estimated it had 750 species. As accepted in 2020 (with amount of genera); Family (biology) Family ( Latin : familia , pl. : familiae )
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#1732894118544216-530: The family as a rank intermediate between order and genus was introduced by Pierre André Latreille in his Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel (1796). He used families (some of them were not named) in some but not in all his orders of "insects" (which then included all arthropods ). In nineteenth-century works such as the Prodromus of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle and
234-606: The major agents causing leaf spots on mango trees in China. In 2021, new species were found in Thailand, Neopestalotiopsis hydeana and Pestalotiopsis hydei which caused leaf spots and fruit rots on Alpinia malaccensis , Alpinia galangal , Annona squamosa , Artocarpus heterophyllus , Garcinia mangostana , Litsea petiolata , Vitis vinifera and various Citrus sp. in Chiang Rai, Thailand. In addition, members of Sporocadaceae are of particular interest with regard to
252-706: The production of secondary metabolites , e.g. Pestalotiopsis , Bartalinia and Morinia (Collado et al., 2006, Gangadevi and Muthumary, 2008, Liu et al., 2009). Pestalotiopsis fici was shown to possess a very high number of gene clusters involved in bio-active compound synthesis (Wang et al. 2016). It has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide, except Canada, Alaska, Greenland and the North and South poles. Including Argentina, Thailand, Taiwan, and China. Studies on Sporocadaceae were mostly based on ITS and LSU sequence data ( DNA analysis) and these data sets were not originally informative in resolving generic boundaries within
270-567: The seventy-six groups of plants he recognised in his tables families ( familiae ). The concept of rank at that time was not yet settled, and in the preface to the Prodromus Magnol spoke of uniting his families into larger genera , which is far from how the term is used today. In his work Philosophia Botanica published in 1751, Carl Linnaeus employed the term familia to categorize significant plant groups such as trees , herbs , ferns , palms , and so on. Notably, he restricted
288-541: The use of this term solely within the book's morphological section, where he delved into discussions regarding the vegetative and generative aspects of plants. Subsequently, in French botanical publications, from Michel Adanson 's Familles naturelles des plantes (1763) and until the end of the 19th century, the word famille was used as a French equivalent of the Latin ordo (or ordo naturalis ). In zoology ,
306-478: Was established by Corda in 1842 with the type genus of Sporocadus . The order of Amphisphaeriales was resurrected by Senanayake et al. (2015), to include Amphisphaeriaceae , Clypeosphaeriaceae and another four novel families derived from Amphisphaeriaceae ( Bartaliniaceae , Discosiaceae , Pestalotiopsidaceae and Phlogicylindriaceae ). However, the fungal sequence dataset as used in Senanayake et al. (2015),
324-406: Was largely incomplete and some of the introduced families were not well supported statistically. Subsequently, Jaklitsch et al. (2016), synonymised Bartaliniaceae , Discosiaceae , Pestalotiopsidaceae and Robillardaceae , and then revived the older family name of Sporocadaceae to accommodate them (Crous et al. 2015). Because genera in this family of fungi share the same evolutionary history, it
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