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24-422: The stadium is located in the neighbourhood of Spangen , where it was built in 1916 as Stadion Spangen based on a plan of the architects J.H. de Roos and W.F. Overeynder. The name "Het Kasteel" (The Castle) is derived from the small building with two small towers which backs onto the south-facing tribune (Kasteel Stand) of the stadium, which looks similar to a castle. This building is the only authentical remain of

48-499: A partnership with L.C. van der Vlugt, J.H. van den Broek and Jaap Bakema . In 1919 Michiel Brinkman designed a complex of 273 dwellings in the Spangen district of Rotterdam. One large block of 147 by 85 metres encircles a courtyard containing a few smaller blocks and a central taller service block with a central heating plant , baths and cycle shelter. A public street enters and leaves the perimeter hugging block through 6m high arches,

72-409: A series public areas that ripple from small to large giving a dynamic to the external space. Buildings are pierced at ground floor level by the road and main pathways but are continuous at the level of the bovenstraat. Most units are entered from the inner courtyard. Units on the ground and first floors are accessed at ground level and have their own garden. Above these are two maisonettes reached from

96-531: A white stucco, and the detailed windows replaced with generic stock. This was at a time of recession in Rotterdam and the project was not successful. A second attempt led by Dutch architecture practices Molenaar & Co. and Hebly Theunissen, and a landscape architect Michael van Gessel, began in 2006 and was completed in 2012. The restoration team won the 2016 World Monuments Fund /Knoll Modernism Prize for their work. The original exterior details were restored, while

120-638: Is a Rijksmonument , built in 1922. it incorporates 3m wide connecting terraces on the third floor, known in Dutch as Bovenstraten (sing. Bovenstraat ), and in English as ' Streets in the sky '. Michiel Brinkman was born in Rotterdam on 16 December 1873, the son of Hermanus Antonie Brinkman and Anna Maria Brinkman (née Juijn). He married Andrea Johanna Salomina Wulff. He studied at the 'Academie van Beeldende Kunsten en Technische Wetenschappen', nowadays called Willem de Kooning Academy , under Henri Evers . He practised in

144-578: Is now officially known as Sparta Stadion Het Kasteel . 51°55′N 4°26′E  /  51.917°N 4.433°E  / 51.917; 4.433 Michiel Brinkman#Justus van Effencomplex Michiel Brinkman (1873–1925) was a Dutch architect and the father of Johannes Brinkman the exponent of Nieuwe Bouwen , modern architecture in the Netherlands . Michiel Brinkman is notable for his Justus van Effen housing block complex in Spangen , which

168-462: Is on the south end of the ground and the club shop is based here as well as the Sparta Museum. 51°55′10″N 4°26′01″E  /  51.919485°N 4.433619°E  / 51.919485; 4.433619 Spangen Spangen is a neighborhood of Rotterdam , Netherlands . It is in the west of the city with about 10000 inhabitants. From the entrance of Spangen to the center is formed by

192-529: The 1950s but then suffered demographic change, and lack of investment. In 1984, the De Jonge architectural practice began work on renovating this housing complex in close collaboration with the Netherlands Department for Conservation. Pairs of maisonette were combined into a single four- or five-room apartment suitable for families with children. The access gallery was carefully restored and partly replaced,

216-595: The Mathenesserbrug across the Delfshavense Schie. The design of the area is world-famous among architects and urban planners, but for the casual visitor it is not the first thing that strikes. Spangen is socio-economically one of the poorest neighborhoods of the country. The population is over 85 percent of foreign origin. In 1909 the polder adjacent to the Kanal was drained and the city designated it land for housing

240-445: The access gallery. All units consist of a living room, kitchen, toilet and three bedrooms, plus central heating which was a first for Dutch social housing, and a rubbish chute The bovenstraat was reached by one of ten stairways and two goods lifts, which allowed tradesmen to bring their trolleys, which were very much a feature of 1920s South Holland, up to the front-doors. The terraces were provided with plant-boxes and play space for

264-452: The annoyance of some prominent Sparta supporters. For the 1928 Summer Olympics in neighboring Amsterdam , the venue hosted two football games. The first was on 5 June when host nation Netherlands defeated Belgium 3-1 while the second was three days later when the Dutch team tied Chile 2–2. Through the years, the stands of "Stadion Sparta" were often renovated and extended, but the most radical renovation took place in 1998 and 1999:

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288-470: The children to socialise. Every unit had outside laundry drying space. There was some initial criticism that this was 'un-Dutch' and just added unnecessary cost to the scheme, this was adamantly rebuked by the Socialist dominated city council. The neglected scheme was first renovated in 1985-1990, some maisonettes were knocked through to provide accommodation for larger families and the walls were rendered with

312-631: The club and is usually the first stand to sell-out. The stand was named in honour of one of Sparta's most successful managers, Denis Neville . Opposite the Denis Neville Stand, the Bok de Korver Stand is assigned as the family stand but also houses the away fans. Formerly known as the West Stand, it was named after Sparta legend Bok de Korver . Attached to the historic Kasteel building, the Kasteel Stand

336-522: The communal baths became a crèche and meeting room. However the courtyard walls were rendered in white and this rapidly deteriorated and the scheme was not judged a success. In 2012 the complex was completely restored back to its original finishings. In the middle of Spangen is the oldest football stadium in the Netherlands, the Castle of Sparta from 1916. This stadium was completely renovated in 1999 and

360-426: The corporate boxes, the ticket office and the boardroom. The players' tunnel runs from the centre of this stand onto the pitch between the two dugouts. The stand was named after one of Sparta's most famous sons, Tonny van Ede , in 2010. The lowest priced tickets for home fans are to be found in the Denis Neville Stand. This is at the east end of the ground behind one of the goals. It houses the more vocal supporters of

384-409: The directions of rubbish disposal. He was familiar with new ways of working with reinforced concrete, and employed it to form the floor decks. Balconies were precast. The window sizes followed function, large for lounges and small and recessed for bedrooms. Window placement was such that they were designed into the room, but also used externally as a regular visual feature. The courtyard is broken up into

408-599: The maisonettes focusses and on the third storey the maisonettes were accessed by a 3m wide continuous gallery. He called this a 'bovenstraat', which in English translates as a Street in the sky . This concept was developed by Le Corbusier for his Unite d'Habitation in Marseilles, and later by Peter and Alison Smithson for Golden Lane Estate and Robin Hood Gardens , in London. The Justus van Effencomplex remained popular into

432-401: The manager of the textile company Hans Textiel and also the chairman of Sparta Rotterdam. Van Heelsbergen opened in this building a Sparta museum (and an outlet of Hans Textiel). The Tonny van Ede stand is on the north side of the ground and stands along the length of the pitch, opposite the Kasteel Stand. The most expensive tickets are to be found here. It houses the changing rooms as well as

456-626: The office of Barend Hooijkaas jr. , until 1910 when he opened his own firm. Brinkman en Hooijkaas during 1908-1909, built the 'Koninklijke Roei- en Zeilvereeniging De Maas' in Veerhaven. This is celebrated as a Rijksmonument . The architecture practice Brinkman & Van der Vlugt (1925-1936) designed the Van Nelle factory in Rotterdam, the Feyenoord football stadium and the standard Dutch telephone box. Later he worked with his son, J.A. Brinkman , in

480-561: The original design. It was built in 1916. The castle building, which is currently located along the length of the pitch, was originally positioned behind one of the goals. A famous incident took place at het Kasteel in November 1970, when Feyenoord goalkeeper Eddy Treijtel took a goalkick and shot a passing seagull down from the air. The stuffed bird has been on display in the museum at Feyenoord's De Kuip stadion and not in Sparta's museum much to

504-506: The rapidly growing white collar population. Under a master plan drawn up the Gemeentelijke Woningdienst in 1917, all prominent architects designed housing blocks for the sector. There are blocks by Oud, Brinkman, Buskens, Kruithof en Meischke en Schmidt. The block on Justus van Effenstraat, the four storey Justus van Effencomplex by Michiel Brinkman introduced the concept of a shared private space, an inner courtyard over which

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528-419: The road forks at the facilities building. An architecturally significant feature was the use of an access terrace, the bovenstraat a raised walkway along the block's inner edge at third storey level. This reduced the need for many space-consuming stair towers. Brinkman chose to offer a middle ground between two conventional models of social housing: the poorly ventilated, dimly lit towers of dense cities and

552-463: The stadium was completely rebuilt according to a plan of the architects Zwarts & Jansma . During the renovation, the pitch was turned 90 degrees. At the same time, it was renamed ENECO-stadion , after its main sponsor. That name was soon replaced by the present Het Kasteel ("The Castle"), which had already been the popular nickname for the stadium ever since it was built. The Castle was bought in November 2004 by businessman Hans van Heelsbergen,

576-409: The undifferentiated row houses of suburban enclaves. He aimed to achieve a feeling of unity associated with garden-village development, whilst using a stacked construction and bovenstraten . He was experienced in planning industrial buildings where the flows of commodities between processes are critical, and he took such a systems approach towards housing. Tradesmens' delivery route were facilitated, and

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