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96-680: On February 26, 1939, after the fall of Catalonia , the CNT, the FAI and the FIJL established the Spanish Libertarian Movement in France, so that from then on the three anarchist organizations acted jointly, especially regarding the assistance to the thousands of anarcho-syndicalist refugees who were in France. The initiative had come from a plenary session of the regional committees of the three components. However,

192-908: A pincer movement aimed at the city of Viipuri . Norway and Sweden refused to allow British and French troops to cross through their territory to aid Finland. Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discovered Carbon-14 at the University of California, Berkeley . The Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe (Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe) was established by Hermann Göring . Born: Howard Hesseman , actor, in Lebanon, Oregon (d. 2022) Died: Peter Behrens , 71, German architect and designer February 28 , 1940 (Wednesday) [ edit ] The Land Transfers Regulations were published, dividing Mandatory Palestine into zones of varying land restrictions. The regulations restricted

288-671: A few days and the Nationalist offensive in Catalonia continued. On 9 January the Moscardo's Aragon Army Corps joined Gambara at Mollerusa and broke the northern part of the front. The V and XV Republican Corps collapsed and retreated in disorder. On 15 January the Aragon and Maestrazgo Corps conquered Cervera and the Moroccan Corps after a one-day march of 50 km occupied Tarragona . By this day,

384-465: A group pass resolutions on subjects which you have not thought through and on which you cannot possibly have complete knowledge." The president continued, "That American sympathy is ninety-eight per cent with the Finns in their effort to stave off invasion of their own soil is by now axiomatic. That America wants to help them by lending or giving money to them to save their own lives is also axiomatic today. That

480-644: A minority in favor of sticking to union activities that did not exclude participation in the Spanish Syndical Organization . This minority was made up of former members of the Syndicalist Party , including Eliseo Melis, who was suspected of being a confidant of the Francoist police. The information that Melis provided to the police led to Acebedo's arrest in Madrid in the summer of 1943, so Amil returned to

576-679: A new CNT, which ran the CNT newspaper , while the mouthpiece for the "anti-collaborationists" was Solidaridad Obrera . Fall of Catalonia [REDACTED] Republicans The Catalonia Offensive ( Catalan : Ofensiva de Catalunya , Spanish : Ofensiva de Cataluña ) was part of the Spanish Civil War . The Nationalist Army started the offensive on 23 December 1938 and rapidly conquered Republican -held Catalonia with Barcelona (the Republic's capital city from October 1937). Barcelona

672-565: A plenary session of the regional committees of the CNT supported the talks by approving the maintenance of the "collaborationist position". The conversations between socialists and libertarians were joined by Republican politicians from the Republican Left , Republican Union and Federal Republican Party , integrated into the so-called National Republican Committee, founded and headed by Rafael Sánchez-Guerra and Régulo Martínez. The agreement between

768-545: A secret maiden voyage to New York for her final fitting. The British generated false intelligence to make the Germans believe that the ship's destination was Southampton . In Rome , U.S. Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles had his first day of meetings with European leaders during his fact-finding mission. Welles went to the Palazzo Chigi where he found Count Ciano to be very hostile to Germany. They then went together to

864-549: A serious crisis in the spring of 1942, when latent tensions erupted between the "collaborationists" led by Juan García Oliver and Aurelio Fernández , and the "apoliticals" who supported the Paris-based national council headed by Germinal Esgleas and Federica Montseny . At the meeting held in Mexico, the former presented a document for discussion entitled "Ponencia" but they were defeated, so they decided to form their own organization,

960-458: A shipment of 250 aircraft, 250 tanks and 650 cannons, but the shipment did not reach Bordeaux until 15 January and only a small part of it crossed the border. Furthermore, because of the international isolation of the Republic and the lack of food (according to Beevor, in Barcelona the ration per day was down to 100 grams of lentils) the morale of the government troops and civil population in

1056-570: A speech in Parliament updating the House on the general international situation, saying there was "no reason to be dissatisfied" with the early progress of the war. Chamberlain also praised the Finnish people for their "heroic struggle" that "has evoked the admiration of the world" and said that "further aid is now on its way." The adventure film Swiss Family Robinson , the first feature-length adaptation of

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1152-725: Is for Germany to take the next step and to show us conclusively that she has abandoned that thesis that might is right ." The Manstein Plan was fully adopted by a new OKW directive. Born: Pete Duel , actor, in Rochester, New York (d. 1971); Denis Law , footballer, in Aberdeen , Scotland ; Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy , in Naples , Italy Died: Elsbeth Schragmüller , 52, German World War I spy (bone tuberculosis) February 25 , 1940 (Sunday) [ edit ] German submarine U-63

1248-592: The Albatera concentration camp . One of the people who was released thanks to these documents was Esteve Pallarols i Xirgu , who immediately contacted three libertarian leaders who were hiding in Valencia — José Cervera Bermell, Luis Úbeda Canero and Leoncio Sánchez Cardete. The four of them constituted the interior national committee of the Libertarian Movement. His first activity was to falsify documents that allowed

1344-577: The Balkan Pact met in Belgrade . In Prague , Nazi authorities changed the name of Wilson railway station (named for Woodrow Wilson ) to "Main station", and Masaryk station to "Prague-Hibernia station". Born: David Jason , actor, in Edmonton, London , England Died: Vsevolod Meyerhold , 65, Russian theatre director (executed by firing squad); Yefim Yevdokimov , 59, Soviet politician and member of

1440-563: The Cheka (executed) February 3 , 1940 (Saturday) [ edit ] A German plane crashed on English soil for the first time in the war when a Heinkel He 111 was shot down near Whitby . Flight Lieutenant Peter Townsend of 43 Squadron was credited with the air victory. Born: Fran Tarkenton , NFL quarterback and television personality, in Richmond, Virginia February 4 , 1940 (Sunday) [ edit ] After two days of talks,

1536-1359: The French colonies of North Africa. After the fall of France 10,000 –15,000 refugees were detained by the Nazis and deported to concentration camps . Another 10,000 joined the French Resistance and more than 2,000 joined the Free French Forces . February 1940 Month of 1940 1940 January February March April May June July August September October November December << February 1940 >> Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 The following events occurred in February 1940 : February 1 , 1940 (Thursday) [ edit ] The 2nd Battle of Summa began. Soviet forces launched an all-out assault on

1632-593: The Johann David Wyss novel of the same name , was released. Born: Ted Koppel , broadcast journalist, in Nelson, Lancashire , England February 9 , 1940 (Friday) [ edit ] The French Chamber of Deputies met for a secret session. Prime Minister Édouard Daladier had resisted holding the meeting behind closed doors out of concern that its secrecy would have a negative effect on national morale. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced that he

1728-633: The Karelian Isthmus . Japan passed a massive budget devoting unprecedented sums to weapons and training. Born: Mark Fleischman , American businessman and nightclub owner, in New York City (d. 2022) Ajmer Singh , sprinter, in Kup Kalan, Sangrur district , Punjab (d. 2010) Died: Philip Francis Nowlan , 51, American science fiction writer and creator of Buck Rogers February 2 , 1940 (Friday) [ edit ] The members of

1824-577: The Louisiana gubernatorial election , sweeping the old political machine created by Huey Long out of power. German submarine U-54 went missing in the North Sea . Its fate remains unknown but it probably struck a naval mine . Born: Jimmy Greaves , footballer, in Manor Park, London , England (d. 2021) February 21 , 1940 (Wednesday) [ edit ] Hitler authorized Operation Weserübung ,

1920-715: The Mannerheim Line . First mass deportation of Poles from Soviet-occupied territories to prison and labour camps in Siberia/northern Russia To mark the 2,600th anniversary of the traditional founding date of Japan , Pope Pius XII sent Emperor Hirohito a telegram that said in part: "We ask God that may you cease hostilities and that through Divine aid may the Japanese people and their sovereigns attain greater glory and happy years." Czech Jews were ordered to close their shops and cease economic activity. From

2016-574: The PCE 's proposal to join the Spanish National Union , which facilitated the rapprochement with the socialists, who also opposed the hegemony that the communists intended to impose. Thus, in the autumn of 1943, representatives of the Libertarian Movement and the PSOE began talks aimed at creating a unitary body of the non-communist left , which would be open to all other anti-fascist forces. In February 1944,

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2112-504: The Palazzo Venezia where Welles found Mussolini to be hardly better disposed towards Britain and France. Welles later recounted being "profoundly shocked" at Mussolini's appearance, finding him looking old, slow and tired in contrast to the vital-looking Mussolini seen in photographs and newsreels. Died: Michael Hainisch , 81, 2nd President of Austria February 27 , 1940 (Tuesday) [ edit ] Soviet forces launched

2208-683: The Royal Navy seized the German steamer Altmark in Norwegian waters and freed 299 prisoners of war. Norway protested the action as a violation of its national sovereignty. In Egypt , the British Army created the 7th Armoured Division , later to be famous as the "Desert Rats". February 17 , 1940 (Saturday) [ edit ] Erich von Manstein presented the Manstein Plan to Hitler, detailing

2304-502: The Spanish State , which they were convinced would not survive the imminent Allied victory. The generals wanted the ANFD to accept the restoration of the monarchy without first going through intermediate formulas and without a referendum on the form of government, something that libertarians could assume but republicans and socialists could not, which led to a dead end. But their final failure

2400-656: The United Kingdom formally recognized the Francoist government . Further military resistance became impossible and the war was lost for the Republic, despite the fact that 30% of Spain was still under Republican control after the offensive and Prime Minister Juan Negrín insisted that the Republic could continue to resist. The Catalonia autonomy was abolished. The Catalan language, the Sardana and Catalan Christian names were forbidden. All Catalan newspapers were requisitioned and

2496-744: The war plan for the German invasion of France and the Low Countries. Hitler was impressed by the plan. Germany accused Britain of "piracy, murder and gangsterism" over the Altmark incident and also lodged a protest with Norway demanding compensation for failing to protect the German ship within Norwegian territorial waters. Norway in turn protested to Britain for infringing on the country's neutrality. Born: Gene Pitney , singer-songwriter, in Hartford, Connecticut (d. 2006) February 18 , 1940 (Sunday) [ edit ] The British destroyer HMS Daring

2592-497: The 7% who expressed no opinion. Born: Peter Gethin , racing driver, in Ewell , Surrey, England (d. 2011); Akihiko Kumashiro , politician, in Okayama , Japan February 22 , 1940 (Thursday) [ edit ] The Kriegsmarine launched Operation Wikinger , targeting British fishing vessels suspected of reporting the movements of German warships. En route, the destroyer flotilla

2688-527: The ANFD board, and other members of the MLE national committee were arrested. Almost at the same time, the entire PSOE executive from the interior fell. However, the Libertarian Movement quickly recovered from the coup that led to the arrest of Siegfried Catalá, since a new national committee had already been formed in April headed by Ramón Rufat Llop and José Exposito Leiva . The Libertarian Movement in exile experienced

2784-873: The Balkan Pact issued a 7-point communiqué indicating it would remain neutral in the conflict. The United States and Saudi Arabia established full diplomatic relations for the first time when Bert Fish presented his credentials as American Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. Born: George A. Romero , filmmaker, in the Bronx , New York (d. 2017) Died: Samuel M. Vauclain , 83, American engineer and inventor; Nikolai Yezhov , Soviet police official (executed) February 5 , 1940 (Monday) [ edit ] The Anglo-French Supreme War Council met again in Paris with Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill in attendance. Franco-British plans for intervention in

2880-758: The Date: January 1940 to December 1941" . The Hooded Utilitarian . Archived from the original on December 4, 2015 . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ "Chronology 1940" . indiana.edu . 2002 . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ "300 Saved From Prison Ship Landed in Britain As Nazis Brand Raid in Norway Piracy". Brooklyn Eagle . Brooklyn. February 18, 1940. p. 1. ^ "Oslo Protests Vigorously but London Is Firm". Brooklyn Eagle . Brooklyn. February 18, 1940. p. 2. ^ "Prue Leith" . Archived from

2976-1149: The Delegates of the American Youth Congress. Washington, D.C." The American Presidency Project . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ "All Aboard! (Advertisement)" . Film Daily . New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.: 5 February 8, 1940. ^ "Landing of Anzacs" . The Mercury . Hobart. February 14, 1940. p. 1. ^ "Hitler Cuts Off Fritz Thyssen as German Citizen". Chicago Daily Tribune . Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune . February 13, 1940. p. 9. ^ Manly, Chesly (February 14, 1940). "Senate Passes Finn Loan Bill; Goes to House". Chicago Daily Tribune . Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 1. ^ "Finland (British Volunteers)" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . February 14, 1940 . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ "U. S. Ships 'Fair Prey,' Nazis Warn". Brooklyn Eagle . Brooklyn. February 14, 1940. p. 1. ^ Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan (2000). A War To Be Won: fighting

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3072-578: The French frontier on foot and on carts, buses and trucks through bitterly cold sleet and snow. Their retreat was covered by units of the Republican Army, which carried out hit and run attacks and ambushes. The Nationalist air force and the Condor Legion bombed and strafed the roads leading to France. On 28 January the French government announced that civilians could cross the frontier and, on 5 February,

3168-698: The German city of Stettin to the Lublin region of the General Government . German submarine U-65 was commissioned. Superman #4 was published, marking the first appearance of the villain Lex Luthor . Born: Don Shows , multi-sport athlete and coach, in Ruston, Louisiana (d. 2014) Died: R. E. B. Crompton , 94, British electrical engineer, industrialist and inventor February 16 , 1940 (Friday) [ edit ] Altmark Incident : Forces of

3264-710: The Historian . United States Department of State . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century . London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. pp. 525–526. ISBN   978-0-582-03919-3 . ^ Tague, James E. (2011). The Last Field Marshal . Xlibris. p. 122. ISBN   978-1-4653-1481-9 . ^ "Irish Press Demand on Britain to Save Two Doomed to Hang". Chicago Daily Tribune . Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune . February 5, 1940. p. 6. ^ "1940" . MusicAndHistory . Archived from

3360-480: The Home Department Osbert Peake announced in Parliament that a general license had been granted for British subjects to volunteer for service with the Finnish military. An authorized Nazi spokesman said that U-boats had a "theoretical right" to attack United States shipping en route to Allied ports. The Manstein Plan was tested again in a war game at Mayen . Heinz Guderian concluded that

3456-803: The Japanese) February 24 , 1940 (Saturday) [ edit ] Hitler made a speech in Munich on the 20th anniversary of the founding of the Nazi Party in which he declared that Germany must be and would be victorious. Speaking in his home city of Birmingham in an address broadcast to the United States, Neville Chamberlain outlined Britain's aims: the independence of the Poles and Czechs, and "tangible evidence to satisfy us that pledges and assurances when they are given will be fulfilled ... Therefore, it

3552-415: The Libertarian Movement was carried out by the FIJL in Madrid during the first weeks of the postwar period thanks to the fact that one of its members, named Escobar, had infiltrated the Falange of the Puente de Vallecas , achieving certificates of good conduct and declarations of having belonged to the " fifth column ", which, filled in with the pertinent names, allowed the release of several anarchists from

3648-405: The Nationalist air force bombed Barcelona every day (40 times between 21 and 25 January). It became clear that the defense of the city was impossible. On 22 January Solchaga and Yagüe reached the Llobregat only a few miles west of Barcelona, Muñoz Grandes and Garcia Valiño attacked Sabadell and Terrassa , and Gambara advanced to Badalona . The chief of staff of the Republican Army, Rojo told

3744-414: The Nationalists had conquered a third of Catalonia, had taken 23,000 prisoners, and had killed 5,000 Republican soldiers. The Republican government then attempted to organize a defense of Barcelona, ordering the general mobilization of all men to forty-five and militarized all the industry. Nevertheless, the successive defensive lines (L1, L2, L3) fell, the Republican forces were outnumbered six to one and

3840-407: The Nationalists reached the frontier, and on the following day the last units of Modesto's Army of the Ebro crossed into France and the Nationalists sealed the frontier. With the fall of Catalonia, the Republic lost the second largest city of the country, the Catalan war industry and a large part of its army (more than 200,000 soldiers). On 2 February Azaña resigned and on 27 February France and

3936-488: The Republican government agreed to withdraw the volunteers of the International Brigades . On the other hand, the Nationalists received new supplies of ammunition, weapons and aircraft from Germany. Furthermore, after the Munich Agreement , the hope of an intervention of the Western democracies in order to aid the Republic against Germany and Italy vanished. France had closed the frontier again in mid-June 1938 and frozen Republican financial assets in French banks. At

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4032-467: The Republican prime minister Negrín that the front had ceased to exist so the government abandoned Barcelona after releasing most of its prisoners. A large part of the Barcelona population fled from the city as well. On 24 January Garcia Valiño occupied Manresa , and on 25 January the Nationalist vanguard occupied the Tibidabo in the outskirts of Barcelona. The Nationalists finally occupied Barcelona on 26 January and there were five days of looting by

4128-451: The Republican soldiers as well. Between 400,000 and 500,000, Republican refugees crossed the frontier, among them the president of the Republic ( Manuel Azaña ), the prime minister (Juan Negrín) and the chief of staff of the Republican Army (Vicente Rojo), as well the president of Catalonia ( Lluís Companys ) and the members of the Catalan government . Negrín returned to Spain on 9 February but Azaña and Rojo refused to return. By 9 February

4224-413: The Republican zone was very low. The people only wished the end of the war: "...just let it be over, it doesn't matter how it ends, but let it end now." The Nationalist offensive was planned for 10 December but was postponed to 23 December. On 23 December the Italians and the Navarreses crossed the Segre at Mequinenza , broke the Republican lines, and advanced sixteen kilometres, but they were stopped by

4320-529: The Second World War . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp.  59–60 . ISBN   978-0-674-04130-1 . ^ "Roosevelt Son Asks Divorce in California". Chicago Daily Tribune . Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune . February 16, 1940. p. 1. ^ Garbarini, Alexandra (2011). Jewish Responses to Persecution: Volume II, 1938–1940 . Lanham, Maryland: AltaMira Press. p. 553. ISBN   978-0-7591-2039-6 . ^ Martin, Robert Stanley (May 31, 2015). "Comics By

4416-460: The Second World War, 1938–1945 . Research Publications. 1990. p. 16. ISBN   978-0-88736-568-3 . ^ "Germans Rename Prague's Depot Named for Wilson". Chicago Daily Tribune . Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune . February 3, 1940. p. 4. ^ "1940" . World War II Database . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ "Saudi Arabia" . Office of

4512-436: The Soviet Union would, because of this, declare war on the United States is about the silliest thought that I have ever heard advanced in the fifty-eight years of my life. That we are going to war ourselves with the Soviet Union is an equally silly thought." The organization responded by booing the president, but the event was politically useful to Roosevelt in that it served as a rejoinder to accusations from his opponents that he

4608-409: The Soviet Union, but Sweden refused out of fear that both Britain and Germany would respond by invading Sweden. By a vote of 49 to 27 the United States Senate passed the Roosevelt Administration's bill to provide additional government loans to Finland, China and other countries. The bill went on to the House . February 14 , 1940 (Wednesday) [ edit ] Under-Secretary of State for

4704-407: The Soviets, who overran the Mannerheim Line . That night the Finnish Commander-in-Chief Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim ordered the II Army Corps to withdraw from the line. Bogdan Filov replaced Georgi Kyoseivanov as Prime Minister of Bulgaria . James Roosevelt , the eldest son of the U.S. president, filed for divorce from his wife Betsey Cushing . More than 1100 Jews were deported from

4800-1167: The Study of English . Cambridge University Press. p. 187. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (February 25, 1940). "We'll Win War, Cries Hitler". Chicago Daily Tribune . Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 1. ^ "War and Peace Aims" . ibiblio . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ Trohan, Walter (February 27, 1940). "Mussolini Gets Message Signed by Roosevelt". Chicago Daily Tribune . Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 1. ^ Miller, Robert L. (2008). "FDR's Diplomatic Initiative to Mussolini" . The New York Military Affairs Symposium . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ El-Eini, Roza (2006). Mandated Landscape: British Imperial Rule in Palestine 1929–1948 . Routledge. p. 261. ISBN   978-1-135-77240-6 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) ^ Kark, Ruth; Oren-Nordheim, Michal (2001). Jerusalem and Its Environs: Quarters, Neighborhoods, Villages, 1800–1948 . Wayne State University Press. p. 355. ISBN   978-0-8143-2909-2 . ^ Shirer, William L. (2011). The Rise and Fall of

4896-1789: The Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany . New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 685. ISBN   978-1-4516-5168-3 . ^ King, Susan (February 20, 2015). "Memorable moments from past Oscars" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . v t e Events by month 1944 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1943 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1942 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1941 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1940 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1939 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1938 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1937 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1936 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1935 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=February_1940&oldid=1251972243 " Categories : February 1940 Months in

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4992-403: The V and XV Republican corps led by Lister on 25 December. On the left flank, Muñoz Grandes and Garcia Valiño advanced towards Cervera and Artesa , but they were blocked by the 26th Republican Division . On the south, Yagüe's troops were held back by the Ebro's floodwater. The Republicans had stopped the first Nationalist attack; nevertheless, they had lost 40 aircraft in the first ten days of

5088-585: The Winter War were discussed. The German Submarine U-41 (1939) sunk south of Ireland. All 49 of the crew went down with it. Born: H. R. Giger , surrealist artist, in Chur , Switzerland (d. 2014) February 6 , 1940 (Tuesday) [ edit ] The " Careless Talk Costs Lives " propaganda campaign began in Britain, aimed at preventing war gossip. Born: Tom Brokaw , television journalist and author, in Webster, South Dakota ; Jimmy Tarbuck , comedian, in Liverpool , England February 7 , 1940 (Wednesday) [ edit ] The Manstein Plan

5184-428: The Yagüe's Regulares and extrajudicial killings ( paseos ). After the occupation of Barcelona, the Nationalist troops, tired from the long marches, slowed their advance but soon resumed their offensive, pursuing the retreating columns of Republican soldiers and civilians. On 1 February Negrín proposed, in the last meeting of the Cortes in the Figueres Castle , capitulation with the sole condition of respecting

5280-416: The admissibility of coerced confessions. The radio serial The Adventures of Superman , adapted from the comic book character Superman , premiered as a syndicated show. Born: Ralph Bates , actor, in Bristol , England (d. 1991); Richard Lynch , actor, in Brooklyn , New York (d. 2012) February 13 , 1940 (Tuesday) [ edit ] Finland asked Sweden to provide troops to fight against

5376-454: The anarchists who continued to fight in the Center - Levant area denounced the national council of the ML, claiming they only represented Catalan and Aragonese anarchists and, above all, that it was dominated by those who opposed the "collaborationists" - those in favor of continuing to participate in republican institutions, led by anarchists who until then had held positions in the State, such as Federica Montseny - Minister of Health in

5472-408: The battle. On 3 January Solchaga attacked Les Borges Blanques , Muñoz Grandes and Garcia Valiño occupied Artesa, and Yagüe crossed the Ebro. Moscardo attacked from Lleida and the Italians occupied Les Borges Blanques on 5 January. The same day, the Republican army started a surprise attack in Extremadura towards Peñarroya in order to divert Nationalist forces, but the offensive was halted after

5568-452: The beginning of December, the nationalist faction concentrated an Army Group , the Army of the North, of 300,000 –340,000 men led by the general Fidel Dávila in order to conquer Catalonia . The Nationalists assembled their best divisions all along the front from the Pyrenees to the Mediterranean . Along the Segre the Nationalists deployed Muñoz Grandes's Army of Urgel, Garcia Valiño's Army of Maestrazgo and Moscardo's Aragon Army; in

5664-683: The camps were very harsh: in the first six months, 14,672 refugees died from malnutrition or dysentery. The French government encouraged the refugees to return and, by the end of 1939, between 70,000 and 180,000 refugees returned to Spain. However, 300,000 never returned. Many sought asylum in other countries: the Soviet Union (between 3,000 and 5,000), USA and Canada (about 1,000), Great Britain, Belgium and other European countries (between 3,000 and 5,000) and Latin America (30,000 to Mexico, 10,000 to Argentina, 5,000 to Venezuela, 5,000 to Dominican Republic, 3,500 to Chile, etc.). Nevertheless, at least 140,000 refugees remained in France while 19,000 went to

5760-515: The capital to take over again as general secretary of the national committee. It was endorsed at a clandestine meeting that was held on the outskirts of Madrid and in which Gregorio Gallego was elected the first general secretary of the FIJL since the end of the war. During the 1940s, Sigfrido Catalá Tineo , Ramón Rufat Llop and José Expósito Leiva were among those who organized internal resistance, propaganda and exfiltrations. They were regularly arrested or executed. The libertarians flatly rejected

5856-413: The command of General Juan Hernandez Saravia , commander of the Eastern Region Army Group , with 220,000 –300,000 men, many unarmed (Hernandez Saravia said that the Republican army had only 17,000 rifles for all Catalonia), 106 airplanes (most of them Chatos ), 250 cannons and 40 tanks (many of them unserviceable due to shortage of spare parts). The Soviet government agreed to send to Catalonia

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5952-509: The confluence of the Segre with the Ebro Gambara 's Italian Cuerpo Legionario Italiano of four divisions (55,000 men) and Solchaga's Army Corps of Navarra; and in the Ebro the Yagüe's Moroccan Corps. The Nationalists also had, according to Beevor, 300 tanks, more than 500 aircraft (among them the Bf 109E and Heinkel 112 fighters) and 1,400 cannon. Opposing the Nationalists, the Republicans had Colonel Perea Capulino 's Eastern Army and Colonel Juan Modesto 's Ebro Army , united under

6048-453: The forbidden books retired and burned. Even the inscriptions on tombs in the Montjuïc Cemetery commemorating Durruti , Ascaso and Ferrer i Guardia were removed. The Republican exiles were interned in fifteen improvised camps (mostly barbed-wire enclosures on the sand, without basic shelter, sanitary or cooking facilities) by the French government in places such as Argelès , Gurs , Rivesaltes and Vernet . The living conditions in

6144-405: The frozen Lake Suvanto , but was repulsed by Finnish defenders after taking almost 1,000 fatalities. Born: Smokey Robinson , singer, songwriter, record producer and executive, in Detroit , Michigan Died: Count Aage of Rosenborg , 52, Danish prince and officer of the French Foreign Legion February 20 , 1940 (Tuesday) [ edit ] Sam H. Jones defeated Earl K. Long in

6240-416: The government of Largo Caballero , Francesc Isgleas i Piarnau - former Defense Minister of the Catalan government , and Valeri Mas i Casas - Minister of Economy of Catalonia. The dominance of the MLE national council was reinforced with the resignation of Horacio Martínez Prieto , defender of "collaborationism" or "reformism," and the death of Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez , whose post as secretary general

6336-529: The invasion of Norway . Concentration Camps Inspectorate head Richard Glücks recommended a location for a "quarantine" camp in Poland. The site was a former Austro-Hungarian cavalry barracks near the town of Oświęcim , known in German as Auschwitz . The results of a Gallup poll were published asking Americans, "If it appears that Germany is defeating England and France, should the United States declare war on Germany and send our army and navy to Europe to fight?" 77% said no and 23% said yes, not counting

6432-399: The liberation of more libertarian prisoners from the Albatera camp and from other camps in Valencia , who were quickly transferred to Barcelona and from there to France . To cover up the trips, the front company "Frutera Levantina" was created, officially dedicated to the transport of fruit from Valencia to other parts of Spain. The task of creating links in Catalonia and the south of France

6528-450: The lives of the vanquished and the holding of a plebiscite so the Spanish people could decide the form of government, but Franco did not accept. On 2 February the Nationalists entered Girona , arrived within 50 kilometers of the frontier on 3 February, occupied Figueres on 8 February and Rojo ordered the Republican troops to withdraw to the French frontier. Hundreds of thousands of Republican soldiers, women, children and old men marched to

6624-630: The minesweeper Gleaner . 25 of the crew perished but there were 17 survivors, one of whom had three Enigma machine rotors in his pockets which were sent to Alan Turing at the Government Code and Cyper School for study. The Finnish cabinet authorized the government to seek peace terms with Moscow. The first troops from Australia and New Zealand arrived in Egypt . An official Nazi decree deprived industrialist Fritz Thyssen and his wife, living in Switzerland since November, of their German citizenship. The U.S. Supreme Court decided Chambers v. Florida , an important case dealing with

6720-1056: The names of the winners in its 8:45 p.m. edition, so most of the attendees already knew the results ahead of time. The Academy would respond by starting a tradition the following year in which the winners were not revealed until the ceremony itself when sealed envelopes were opened. Born: Yoshio Harada , actor, in Tokyo , Japan (d. 2011) Died: E. F. Benson , 72, English novelist References [ edit ] ^ Trotter, William (1991). A Frozen Hell: The Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939–1940 . Chapel Hill, North Carolina: Algonquin Books. p. 273. ISBN   978-1-56512-249-9 . ^ Davidson, Edward; Manning, Dale (1999). Chronology of World War Two . London: Cassell & Co. p.  27 . ISBN   0-304-35309-4 . ^ Matt Schudel (2022-07-14). "Mark Fleischman, Studio 54 owner, dies by assisted suicide at 82" . The Washington Post . Washington, D.C. ISSN   0190-8286 . OCLC   1330888409 . ^ Chronology and Index of

6816-880: The original on August 29, 2012 . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ "International Situation" . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . February 8, 1940 . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ Small, Alex (February 10, 1940). "French Chamber Debates War in Secret Session". Chicago Daily Tribune . Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune . p. 4. ^ Black, Conrad (2003). Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Champion of Freedom . PublicAffairs. pp.  542–543 . ISBN   978-1-61039-213-6 . ^ "Joe Louis - Career Record" . BoxRec . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–46) ^ "Pope Asks Japan To Halt China War". Brooklyn Eagle . Brooklyn. February 10, 1940. p. 1. ^ Peters, Gerbhard; Woolley, John T. "Address to

6912-456: The original on December 27, 2022. ^ "Voters Wreck Long Machine". Chicago Daily Tribune . Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune . February 21, 1940. p. 1. ^ "1940 Gallup poll results" . ibiblio . Retrieved December 11, 2015 . ^ "I.R.A. Bombs Injure 12" . The Argus . Melbourne: 3. February 24, 1940. ^ Callender, Geoffrey (1943). Sea Passages: A Naval Anthology and Introduction to

7008-486: The passage to France of fifteen people. When López returned to Barcelona he found out that Pallarols had been arrested in Valencia by the Francoist police along with other colleagues. Eleven of the detainees were tried years later, being sentenced to long prison terms. In a separate case, Pallarols was sentenced to 18 years in prison, but was tried again, this time accused of alleged earlier crimes, and sentenced to death - he

7104-524: The plan was viable, but Franz Halder did not share Guderian's confidence that panzers could cross the Meuse on their own without waiting for infantry support. This debate was never resolved except for an agreement that panzer commanders would be authorized to attempt the crossing on their own, but if they failed Army Group A would switch to the infantry option. February 15 , 1940 (Thursday) [ edit ] The 2nd Battle of Summa ended in victory for

7200-525: The registry of land by Jews. Born: Mario Andretti , racing driver, in Montona, Italy (present-day Motovun , Croatia ); Joe South , singer-songwriter, in Atlanta , Georgia (d. 2012) February 29 , 1940 (Thursday) [ edit ] Hitler issued a secret directive to all Nazi officials who were to be meeting with Sumner Welles. They were told to maintain the narrative that Britain and France had started

7296-452: The republican Régulo Martínez, who had been released from prison a few months before, and which also included the socialist Juan Gómez Egido and the libertarian Sigfrido Catalá. In the last months of 1944 the three members of the ANFD national committee began negotiations with the monarchist generals Antonio Aranda , Alfredo Kindelán , Andrés Saliquet and Alfonso de Orleáns y Borbón in which they discussed what type of regime would replace

7392-703: The south portico of the White House , U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt confronted a gathering of 4,500 members of the American Youth Congress , which had recently passed a resolution declaring that granting aid to Finland was an "attempt to force America into the imperialistic war" against the Soviet Union. Roosevelt told them that it was "a grand thing" for youth to be interested enough in government to come to Washington, but offered "some words of warning or perhaps I should say of suggestion ... do not as

7488-514: The three parties was reached in June 1944, although it was not made public until October . In the founding manifesto of the so-called National Alliance of Democratic Forces (ANFD) the " accidentalism " of the libertarians on the form of government was resolved by resorting to the expression "republican order" to refer to the Second Republic. To lead the ANFD, a national council was created chaired by

7584-540: The war and were determined to destroy Germany, so Germany had no choice but to continue fighting. The 12th Academy Awards were held in Los Angeles , hosted by Bob Hope for the first of what would be nineteen times. Gone With the Wind won eight awards including Best Picture . Hattie McDaniel became the first African-American to win an Oscar when she was named Best Supporting Actress . The Los Angeles Times published

7680-583: The weapons depots dismantled. The young Escobar was handed over to the Falange, whose members took him to a field on the outskirts of town, where they hanged him. He was saved because a peasant cut the rope after the Falangists left believing he was dead. At the beginning of 1941, Celedonio Pérez Bernardo was arrested by the police, being tried in September of the following year and sentenced to thirty years in prison. He

7776-743: Was captured on 26 January 1939. The Republican government headed for the French border. Thousands of people fleeing the Nationalists also crossed the frontier in the following month, to be placed in internment camps . Franco closed the border with France by 10 February 1939. After its defeat at the Battle of the Ebro the Republican Army was broken and would never recover. The Republicans had lost most of their armament and experienced units. Furthermore, in October 1938

7872-627: Was enthroned in Tibet . Born: Judy Cornwell , actress, in Hammersmith , London, England; Billy Name , photographer, filmmaker and lighting designer, in Poughkeepsie, New York (d. 2016); Chet Walker , basketball player, in Benton Harbor, Michigan (d. 2024) Died: Hans von Gronau , 89, Prussian World War I general February 23 , 1940 (Friday) [ edit ] The German submarine U-53

7968-539: Was entrusted to Génesis López and Manuel Salas, both recently released from the Albatera camp, who made contact with leaders of the Libertarian Movement in Nimes . Later, López was taken to Paris where he met with the general secretary of the national council, Germinal Esgleas , his partner Federica Montseny , and some other libertarians. But López only got an insignificant amount of money, 10,000 francs, which only served to finance

8064-551: Was mainly due to the wave of arrests carried out by the Francoist police in late 1944 and early 1945. On the night of December 21 - 22 , the president of the ANFD Régulo Martínez was arrested, as well as other members of the ANFD steering committee, the Republican National Committee, and prominent monarchists who had maintained contact with them. In March 1945 Siegfried Catalá, a libertarian representative on

8160-646: Was mistakenly bombed by a Heinkel He 111 , sinking the Leberecht Maass and killing 280 aboard. The Max Schultz hit a naval mine attempting a rescue effort and also sank with the loss of all 308 crew. The Soviets occupied islands in the Gulf of Finland . 12 people were injured in the West End of London by IRA bomb explosions. This was the last important event in the S-Plan campaign. The new five-year old Dalai Lama

8256-504: Was occupied by Germinal Esgleas . The rest of the members of the national council were Germinal de Souza , Pedro Herrera Camarero , Roberto Alfonso, Juan Gallego Crespo, Rafael Iñigo, Serafín Alaga, José Xena, Juan Rueda Ortiz and Juan García Oliver . Some of them emigrated to the Americas and others remained locked up in French concentration camps or enlisted in auxiliary units of the French Resistance . The first clandestine activity of

8352-600: Was released. Born: Brian Bennett , drummer for The Shadows , in Palmers Green , North London , England; J. M. Coetzee , novelist and Nobel laureate, in Cape Town , South Africa; Seamus Deane , poet, novelist and critic, in Derry , Northern Ireland (d. 2021) Died: William Dodd , 70, American historian, author and diplomat February 10 , 1940 (Saturday) [ edit ] Soviet troops finally began breaking through

8448-509: Was replaced by Manuel Amil Barcia, but he, haunted by the police, had to leave Madrid to take refuge in Andalusia . The functions of the national committee were assumed by the Madrid organization headed by Eusebio Azañedo, who entered contact with the CNT of Valencia, which had been reorganized, and with that of the CNT of Catalonia, whose situation was rather confused due to the existence of two regional committees: an anarcho-syndicalist majority and

8544-518: Was sending Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles to the principal Western European capitals on a fact-finding mission. In private Roosevelt conceded that the chances of finding a peaceful solution to the war were remote. Joe Louis defeated Arturo Godoy by split decision at Madison Square Garden in New York City to retain the world heavyweight boxing title. The comedy-Western film My Little Chickadee starring Mae West and W. C. Fields

8640-450: Was shot on July 18, 1943. After Pallarols' arrest, a new national committee for the interior was formed, headed by Manuel López López, but he resigned shortly after due to the tuberculosis he had contracted during his stay in the Albatera field, being replaced by Celedonio Pérez Bernardo. The Francoist police also managed to destroy part of the Madrid group of the FIJL. Towards the end of February 1940 , 33 of its components were arrested and

8736-558: Was signed. The unfinished German cruiser Lützow was sold to the Soviet Navy. General elections were held in Costa Rica . Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia was elected president. Died: John Buchan , 64, Scottish novelist, historian and 15th Governor General of Canada February 12 , 1940 (Monday) [ edit ] German submarine U-33 was sunk in the Firth of Clyde by

8832-651: Was sunk by depth charges west of the Orkney Islands. The Lord Mayor of London gave a luncheon party at the Guildhall to officers and ratings of the Exeter and Ajax to celebrate their victory at the Battle of the River Plate . Huge crowds turned out to cheer them. Born: Peter Fonda , actor, in New York City (d. 2019) Died: Yang Jingyu , 35, Chinese Communist and political commissar (killed in action against

8928-676: Was sunk by the German submarine U-23 east of the Orkney Islands while escorting Allied convoy HN12 . 157 perished. The Finns destroyed a pocket of Soviet troops north of Lake Ladoga , killing 1,000 and taking 250 prisoner. Born: Fabrizio De André , singer-songwriter, in Genoa , Italy (d. 1999) Prue Leith , South African restaurateur, chef, and television presenter, in Cape Town February 19 , 1940 (Monday) [ edit ] The Soviet 18th Division attacked across

9024-860: Was sunk in the North Sea by three destroyers and a submarine from Allied convoy HN-14. 24 of the 25 crew survived and were captured. The first squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force arrived in Britain. The first hockey game televised in North America was broadcast on W2XBS from Madison Square Garden between the New York Rangers and Montreal Canadiens . Born: Ron Santo , baseball player, in Seattle , Washington (d. 2010) February 26 , 1940 (Monday) [ edit ] The large passenger liner RMS Queen Elizabeth left Clydebank on

9120-525: Was sympathetic to communism. The biographical film Young Tom Edison starring Mickey Rooney had a special preview in Port Huron, Michigan , the place where Thomas Edison spent his childhood. Tom and Jerry made their debut in the short film Puss Gets the Boot , under their original names of Jasper and Jinx. February 11 , 1940 (Sunday) [ edit ] The German–Soviet Commercial Agreement

9216-766: Was tested in a war game at Koblenz . The Walt Disney animated film Pinocchio premiered at the Center Theater in New York City. Peter Barnes and James McCormack of the Irish Republican Army were hanged in Birmingham on charges of being involved in last August's bomb explosion in Coventry. Born: Tony Tan , Singaporean academic and politician, 7th President of Singapore February 8 , 1940 (Thursday) [ edit ] An official Nazi decree established Łódź Ghetto . Neville Chamberlain made

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