Spangen is a neighborhood of Rotterdam , Netherlands .
27-525: It is in the west of the city with about 10000 inhabitants. From the entrance of Spangen to the center is formed by the Mathenesserbrug across the Delfshavense Schie. The design of the area is world-famous among architects and urban planners, but for the casual visitor it is not the first thing that strikes. Spangen is socio-economically one of the poorest neighborhoods of the country. The population
54-499: A partnership with L.C. van der Vlugt, J.H. van den Broek and Jaap Bakema . In 1919 Michiel Brinkman designed a complex of 273 dwellings in the Spangen district of Rotterdam. One large block of 147 by 85 metres encircles a courtyard containing a few smaller blocks and a central taller service block with a central heating plant , baths and cycle shelter. A public street enters and leaves the perimeter hugging block through 6m high arches,
81-407: A plan to build a new stadium with a capacity of 63,000 seats. In December 2019, Feyenoord announced that if construction of the new stadium was given in the final go-ahead in 2020 the stadium would open in the summer of 2025. On 21 April 2022, managing director Dennis te Kloesse announced that the club would not proceed with renovating the existing stadium or building a new one. One of the venues of
108-575: A record ten European finals, the last being the 2002 UEFA Cup Final in which Feyenoord, coincidentally playing a home match, defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–2. As a result, Feyenoord holds the distinction of being the only club to win a one-legged European final in their own stadium. In 2000, the Feijenoord stadium hosted the final of Euro 2000 , played in the Netherlands and Belgium, where France defeated Italy 2–1 in extra time. The stadium also hosted
135-517: A restaurant and a museum, The Home of History. Next to De Kuip and Feyenoord's training ground there is another, but smaller, sports arena, the Topsportcentrum Rotterdam . This arena hosts events in many sports and in various levels of competition. Some examples of sports that can be seen in the topsportcentrum are judo , volleyball and handball . De Kuip is currently the home stadium of football club Feyenoord , traditionally one of
162-409: A series public areas that ripple from small to large giving a dynamic to the external space. Buildings are pierced at ground floor level by the road and main pathways but are continuous at the level of the bovenstraat. Most units are entered from the inner courtyard. Units on the ground and first floors are accessed at ground level and have their own garden. Above these are two maisonettes reached from
189-495: A significant amount of restoration and interior work took place at the stadium before its use as a venue in the UEFA Euro 2000 tournament, although capacity was largely unaffected. Leen van Zandvliet, Feyenoord's president in the 1930s, came up with the idea of building an entirely new stadium, unlike any other on the continent, with two free hanging tiers and no obstacles blocking the view. Contemporary examples were Highbury , where
216-531: A white stucco, and the detailed windows replaced with generic stock. This was at a time of recession in Rotterdam and the project was not successful. A second attempt led by Dutch architecture practices Molenaar & Co. and Hebly Theunissen, and a landscape architect Michael van Gessel, began in 2006 and was completed in 2012. The restoration team won the 2016 World Monuments Fund /Knoll Modernism Prize for their work. The original exterior details were restored, while
243-638: Is a Rijksmonument , built in 1922. it incorporates 3m wide connecting terraces on the third floor, known in Dutch as Bovenstraten (sing. Bovenstraat ), and in English as ' Streets in the sky '. Michiel Brinkman was born in Rotterdam on 16 December 1873, the son of Hermanus Antonie Brinkman and Anna Maria Brinkman (née Juijn). He married Andrea Johanna Salomina Wulff. He studied at the 'Academie van Beeldende Kunsten en Technische Wetenschappen', nowadays called Willem de Kooning Academy , under Henri Evers . He practised in
270-579: Is now officially known as Sparta Stadion Het Kasteel . 51°55′N 4°26′E / 51.917°N 4.433°E / 51.917; 4.433 Michiel Brinkman#Justus van Effencomplex Michiel Brinkman (1873–1925) was a Dutch architect and the father of Johannes Brinkman the exponent of Nieuwe Bouwen , modern architecture in the Netherlands . Michiel Brinkman is notable for his Justus van Effen housing block complex in Spangen , which
297-547: Is over 85 percent of foreign origin. In 1909 the polder adjacent to the Kanal was drained and the city designated it land for housing the rapidly growing white collar population. Under a master plan drawn up the Gemeentelijke Woningdienst in 1917, all prominent architects designed housing blocks for the sector. There are blocks by Oud, Brinkman, Buskens, Kruithof en Meischke en Schmidt. The block on Justus van Effenstraat,
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#1732884655527324-474: The 2023 UEFA Nations League Final . The stadium has hosted concerts since 1978. Among the first performers at De Kuip were Bruce Springsteen and Eric Clapton . David Bowie held his dress rehearsals and subsequently opened his 1987 Glass Spider Tour at the stadium. Since 2006, Feyenoord has been working on plans for a new stadium, initially planned for completion in 2017 and with an estimated capacity of 85,000 seats. In 2014, Feyenoord decided to renovate
351-529: The 1950s but then suffered demographic change, and lack of investment. In 1984, the De Jonge architectural practice began work on renovating this housing complex in close collaboration with the Netherlands Department for Conservation. Pairs of maisonette were combined into a single four- or five-room apartment suitable for families with children. The access gallery was carefully restored and partly replaced,
378-557: The Tub), is a stadium in Rotterdam , Netherlands . It was completed in 1937. The name is derived from the Feijenoord district in Rotterdam, and from the club with the same name (although the club's name was internationalised to Feyenoord in 1973). The stadium's original capacity was 64,000. In 1949, it was expanded to 69,000, and in 1994 it was converted to a 51,117-seat all-seater . In 1999,
405-715: The West and East stands had been recently built as a double deck, and Yankee Stadium in New York . Johannes Brinkman and Leendert van der Vlugt , the famous designers of the Van Nelle factory in Rotterdam were asked to design a stadium out of glass, concrete and steel, cheap materials at that time. The stadium was co-financed by the billionaire Daniël George van Beuningen , who made his fortune in World War I , exporting coal from Germany to Britain through neutral Netherlands. In World War II ,
432-445: The access gallery. All units consist of a living room, kitchen, toilet and three bedrooms, plus central heating which was a first for Dutch social housing, and a rubbish chute The bovenstraat was reached by one of ten stairways and two goods lifts, which allowed tradesmen to bring their trolleys, which were very much a feature of 1920s South Holland, up to the front-doors. The terraces were provided with plant-boxes and play space for
459-470: The children to socialise. Every unit had outside laundry drying space. There was some initial criticism that this was 'un-Dutch' and just added unnecessary cost to the scheme, this was adamantly rebuked by the Socialist dominated city council. The neglected scheme was first renovated in 1985-1990, some maisonettes were knocked through to provide accommodation for larger families and the walls were rendered with
486-464: The communal baths became a crèche and meeting room. However the courtyard walls were rendered in white and this rapidly deteriorated and the scheme was not judged a success. In 2012 the complex was completely restored back to its original finishings. In the middle of Spangen is the oldest football stadium in the Netherlands, the Castle of Sparta from 1916. This stadium was completely renovated in 1999 and
513-409: The directions of rubbish disposal. He was familiar with new ways of working with reinforced concrete, and employed it to form the floor decks. Balconies were precast. The window sizes followed function, large for lounges and small and recessed for bedrooms. Window placement was such that they were designed into the room, but also used externally as a regular visual feature. The courtyard is broken up into
540-411: The existing stadium, expanding its capacity to 70,000, as well as adding a retractable roof. Construction was planned to start in summer 2015 and finish in 2018, with an estimated €200 million cost. Plans included a new training facility costing an extra €16 million. In March 2016, Feyenoord announced that they instead preferred building a new stadium. In May 2017, the city of Rotterdam agreed with
567-742: The four storey Justus van Effencomplex by Michiel Brinkman introduced the concept of a shared private space, an inner courtyard over which the maisonettes focusses and on the third storey the maisonettes were accessed by a 3m wide continuous gallery. He called this a 'bovenstraat', which in English translates as a Street in the sky . This concept was developed by Le Corbusier for his Unite d'Habitation in Marseilles, and later by Peter and Alison Smithson for Golden Lane Estate and Robin Hood Gardens , in London. The Justus van Effencomplex remained popular into
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#1732884655527594-655: The interiors were improved by installing modern heating systems that use rooftop solar panels to capture heat for hotwater and glazing the interior doors to improve the quality of the light. The bovenstraat walkway concept, ' Streets in the sky ', influential on Dutch architecture was developed further by Le Corbusier for his Unite d'Habitation in Marseilles, and later by Peter and Alison Smithson for Golden Lane Estate and Robin Hood Gardens , in London. De Kuip Stadion Feijenoord ( pronounced [ˌstaːdijɔɱ ˈfɛiənoːrt] ), more commonly known by its nickname De Kuip ( pronounced [də ˈkœyp] ,
621-626: The office of Barend Hooijkaas jr. , until 1910 when he opened his own firm. Brinkman en Hooijkaas during 1908-1909, built the 'Koninklijke Roei- en Zeilvereeniging De Maas' in Veerhaven. This is celebrated as a Rijksmonument . The architecture practice Brinkman & Van der Vlugt (1925-1936) designed the Van Nelle factory in Rotterdam, the Feyenoord football stadium and the standard Dutch telephone box. Later he worked with his son, J.A. Brinkman , in
648-419: The road forks at the facilities building. An architecturally significant feature was the use of an access terrace, the bovenstraat a raised walkway along the block's inner edge at third storey level. This reduced the need for many space-consuming stair towers. Brinkman chose to offer a middle ground between two conventional models of social housing: the poorly ventilated, dimly lit towers of dense cities and
675-458: The stadium was nearly torn down for scrap by German occupiers. After the war, the stadium's capacity was expanded in 1949; stadium lights were added in 1958. On 29 October 1991, De Kuip was named as being one of Rotterdam's monuments. In 1994 the stadium was extensively renovated to its present form: It became all-seater, and the roof was extended to cover all the seats. An extra building was constructed for commercial use by Feyenoord, it also houses
702-533: The top teams in the Netherlands. It has also long been one of the home grounds of the Netherlands national football team , having hosted over 150 international matches, the first international match at the stadium was a match against Belgium on 2 May 1937. In 1963, De Kuip staged the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup , with Tottenham Hotspur becoming the first British club to win a European trophy, defeating Atlético Madrid 5–1. The stadium has hosted
729-409: The undifferentiated row houses of suburban enclaves. He aimed to achieve a feeling of unity associated with garden-village development, whilst using a stacked construction and bovenstraten . He was experienced in planning industrial buildings where the flows of commodities between processes are critical, and he took such a systems approach towards housing. Tradesmens' delivery route were facilitated, and
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