77-487: The Sovremenny class , Soviet designation Project 956 Sarych ( buzzard ), is a class of anti-ship and anti-aircraft guided-missile destroyers of the Soviet and later Russian Navy . The ships are named after qualities, with "Sovremenny" translating as "modern" or "contemporary". Most of the ships have been retired from active service and one converted into a museum ship in 2018; as of 2021 three remain in commission with
154-425: A 3R86E1 command module and two 3R87E combat modules. Each 3R87E combat module has two 30 mm GSh-30k six-barrel automatic guns (range 0.5–4 km (0.31–2.49 mi)) and two SA-N-11 air defence missiles. The missile is armed with a 9 kg (20 lb) warhead and has a range of 1.5–8 km (0.93–4.97 mi). This improved 956EM version is also the first to be armed with the newer version of SS-N-22, which
231-658: A battery. It is capable of linking with various higher level command posts (HLCPs). As an option, with the use of HLCP, the Buk missile system may be controlled by an upper level command post system 9S52 Polyana-D4 , integrating it with S-300V/ S-300VM into an air defence brigade. Also, it may be controlled by an upper level command post system 73N6ME "Baikal-1ME" together with 1–4 units of PPRU-M1 (PPRU-M1-2), integrating it with SA-19 "Grison" ( 9K22 Tunguska ) (6–24 units total) into an air defence brigade, as well as SA-10/20 and SA-5 Gammon and SA-2 Guideline and SA-3 Goa and Air Force. With
308-492: A contract for the three Project 1135.6 frigates with "Shtil". Later, when the decision was made to modernise it with a new package of hardware & missiles, the name changed to "Shtil-1". In 2004, the first demonstration module of the new 9M317M (export 9M317ME) missile was presented by Dolgoprudniy Scientific and Production Plant for the upgraded 3S90M / "Shtil-1" naval missile system (jointly with 'Altair' ), designed primary for use on warships. It has 2 styles of launchers,
385-548: A fire control radar on a 24 m extending boom reputedly enabled more accurate targeting of low-altitude planes. This generation of Buk missile systems was stalled due to poor economic conditions after the fall of the Soviet Union. The system was presented as a static display at the 2007 MAKS Airshow . In October 2007, Russian General Nikolai Frolov , commander of the Russian Ground Forces air defense, declared that
462-543: A fuel-economic speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) the range is 3,920 nautical miles (7,260 km; 4,510 mi). Several ships of this class suffered from problems regarding their propulsion system that were so severe that they had to be retired. The Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force (PLAN) had two modified Sovremenny -class destroyers delivered in December 1999 and November 2000, designated as Project 956E, with improved electronic gears. In 2002,
539-599: A full complement of 14 missiles. The Buk missile system is the successor to the NIIP / Vympel 2K12 Kub ( NATO reporting name SA-6 "Gainful"). The first version of Buk adopted into service carried the GRAU designation 9K37 Buk and was identified in the west with the NATO reporting name " Gadfly " as well as the US Department of Defense (DoD) designation SA-11 . With the integration of
616-745: A go-ahead was given for the Severnaya design bureau to design "a ship capable of supporting amphibious landings". At the same time, the United States Navy was constructing new large Spruance -class multi-role destroyers. To respond to this new threat, Project 956 was updated with a new air defence suite and new, powerful 3M80 anti-ship missiles. Although the Soviet Navy had largely moved to gas turbine propulsion for its new warships, steam turbines were selected instead for Project 956: partly because production of naval gas turbines would have been insufficient for
693-416: A larger target classification. Externally the 9M317 differs from the 9M38M1 by a smaller wing chord. It uses the inertial correction control system with semi-active radar homing, using the proportional navigation (PN) targeting method. The semi-active missile homing radar head (used in 9E420, Russian: 9Э420 ) as well as 9E50M1 for the 9M38M1 missile (9E50 for 9M38) and 1SB4 for Kub missile (Russian: 1СБ4 )
770-425: A logistics element – mounted on tracked vehicles. This allows the system to move with other military forces and relocate to make it a more difficult target to find than a fixed SAM system. In general, the system identifies potential targets (radar), selects a particular target (command), fires a missile (launcher) at the target, and resupplies the system (logistics). The missiles require a radar lock to initially steer
847-556: A new missile, the Buk-M1-2 and Buk-M2 systems also received a new NATO reporting name Grizzly and a new DoD designation SA-17 . Since 2013, the latest incarnation "Buk-M3" is currently in production and active service with a new DoD designation SA-27 . A naval version of the system, designed by MNIIRE Altair (currently part of GSKB Almaz-Antey ) for the Russian Navy , received the GRAU designation 3S90M and will be identified with
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#1732877034260924-538: A range of 32 km for rail launcher 50 km for VLS launcher. The reaction time is 10–19 seconds for single-rail launcher and 5–10 seconds for vertical launch system, and there are various differences in missile characteristics for both launcher styles. The interval between starts is less 2 seconds. To protect against boats, helicopters, aircraft, anti-ship missiles. The first Shtil-1 systems were installed into ships exported to India and China, specifically Talwar -class frigates and Type 052B destroyers . It
1001-461: A result of this visit, the developers came to the conclusion that each Buk transporter erector launcher (TEL) should have its own fire control radar, rather than being reliant on one central radar for the whole system as in Kub. The result of this move from TEL to transporter erector launcher and radar (TELAR) was a system able to shoot at multiple targets in multiple directions at the same time. In 1974
1078-411: A single-rail launcher and vertical launch system. For single-rail launcher, each launcher consists of 24 missiles and a maximum of 4 launchers can be used together, while for vertical launch system, each launcher consists of 12 missiles and a maximum of 12 launchers can be used together. Old systems Uragan, Ezh and Shtil could be upgraded to Shtil-1 by replacing the launcher module inside the ship. It has
1155-588: A sophisticated electronic warfare system. There are a total of three versions of this class: the original Project 956 armed with the 3M80 version of the Moskit anti-ship missile , and its successor, the Project 956A, which is armed with the improved 3M80M version of the Moskit with longer range. The main difference between the two is that the missile launching tubes on Project 956A are longer than that of Project 956 to accommodate
1232-525: A target acquisition radar (TAR) 9S36. This vehicle could be used together with two TELs 9A316 to attack up to four targets, missile guidance in forested or hilly regions. The mobile simulator SAM Buk-M2E was shown at MAKS-2013. A self-propelled fire simulator installation JMA 9A317ET SAM "Buk-M2E", based on the mobile, is designed for training and evaluating the combat crew in the war environment to detect, capture, lock on to ("maintain") and defeat targets. A computer information system fully records all actions of
1309-509: Is also in service of the Russian Navy , specifically Admiral Grigorovich -class frigates . The 9M38 uses a single-stage X-winged design without any detachable parts; its exterior design is similar to the American Tartar and Standard surface-to-air missile series. The design had to conform to strict naval dimension limitations, allowing the missile to be adapted for the M-22 SAM system in
1386-534: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles SA-N-7 The Buk (Russian: "Бук" ; " beech " (tree), / b ʊ k / ) is a family of self-propelled , medium-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by the Soviet Union and its successor state, the Russian Federation , and designed to counter cruise missiles, smart bombs and rotary-wing aircraft , and unmanned aerial vehicles . In
1463-484: Is estimated to have a 70% to 93% probability of destroying a targeted aircraft per missile launched (over 85% of Tomahawks in Syria). In 1992, the system was demonstrated to be capable of intercepting Scud missiles and large rocket artillery . The Buk is a mobile, radar-guided surface-to-air missile (SAM) missile system with all four main components – acquisition and targeting radars, a command element, missile launchers, and
1540-459: Is mounted on each TELAR. The Snow Drift target acquisition radar has a maximum detection range of 85 km (53 mi) and can detect an aircraft flying at 100 m (330 ft) from 35 km (22 mi) away and even lower flying targets at ranges of around 10–20 km (6–12 mi). The TEL reload vehicle for the Buk battery resembles the TELAR, but instead of a radar they have a crane for
1617-469: Is not clear if SA-N-12/SA-17 has entered Chinese service in large numbers. In 2006, the extra spheres (painted white in the mid-2006) added atop of the superstructures of the Chinese ships appearing in the latest photographs of the Chinese units have shown that these Chinese ships had been upgraded with the domestic HN-900 Data link (the Chinese equivalent of Link 11 A/B, to be upgraded) and SATCOM (probably
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#17328770342601694-498: Is reported as being up to 50 km (31 mi), maximum altitude around 25 km (82,000 ft) and maximum target speed around Mach 4. The weight of the missile has increased slightly to 720 kg (1587 lb). The missile's Vskhod development program for the Buk-M1-2A was completed in 2011. This missile could increase the survival capability and firing performance of the Buk-M1-2A using its ability to hit targets over
1771-426: Is reported to have a designation of 3-M80MBE and possibly funded by China (according to Russian sources), and the new missile differs from the older ones mainly in that the range is increased from 120 km (75 mi) to 200 km (120 mi). The air defense software is upgraded to accommodate the newer SA-N-12/SA-17 SAM system, but since China had already joined Russia in developing an even newer successor, it
1848-401: Is sea-skimming with a velocity of Mach 2.5, armed with a 300-kilogram (660 lb) high-explosive or a nuclear 200 kt warhead. The range is from 10 to 120 kilometres (6.2 to 74.6 mi). The launch weight is 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Two Shtil surface-to-air missile systems are installed, each on the raised deck behind the twin-barrelled 130 mm guns. Shtil is the export name of
1925-615: The French Creusot-Loire 100 mm or the Italian OTO Melara 127 mm/54, but faster than the US Mark 45. The ship has four six-barreled 30 mm AK-630 auto-cannon systems. The maximum rate of fire is 5,000 rounds/min. Range is up to 4,000 m for low flying anti-ship missiles and 5,000 m for light surface targets. The gun is outfitted with radar and television detection and tracking. The latest Sovremenny s carry
2002-457: The GM-569 chassis designed and produced by JSC MMZ ( Mytishchi ). The TELAR superstructure is a turret containing the fire control radar at the front and a launcher with four ready-to-fire missiles on top. Each TELAR is operated by a crew of four and is equipped with chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) protection. It can guide up to three missiles against a single target. While
2079-586: The Kashtan CIWS system instead of AK-630. The destroyers have two double 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes and two six-barrel RBU-1000 anti-submarine rocket launchers, with 48 rockets. Range is 1,000 metres (1,100 yd). The rocket is armed with a 55 kg (121 lb) warhead. The ship's helicopter pad and telescopic hangar accommodate one Kamov Ka-27 anti-submarine warfare helicopter, NATO codename Helix. The helicopter can operate in conditions up to Sea State 5 and up to 200 km (120 mi) from
2156-521: The SA-N-7 , NATO reporting name Gadfly. (From the 9th ship onwards, the same launcher is used for SA-17 Grizzly/ SA-N-12 Yezh.) The system uses the ship's three-dimensional circular scan radar for target tracking. Up to three missiles can be aimed simultaneously. The range is up to 25 km (16 mi) against targets with speeds up to 830 metres per second (2,700 ft/s). The ship carries 48 Shtil missiles. The ship's 130-millimetre (5.1 in) guns are
2233-460: The Soviet Navy . Each missile is 5,550 mm (219 in) long, weighs 690 kg (1,520 lb) and carries a relatively large 70 kg (150 lb) warhead which is triggered by a radar proximity fuze . In the forward compartment of the missile, a semi-active homing radar head (9E50, Russian: 9Э50, 9Э50М1 ), autopilot equipment, power source and warhead are located. The homing method chosen
2310-404: The combustion chamber is reinforced by metal. For the purpose of reducing the centring dispersion while in flight, the combustion chamber is located close to the centre of the missile and includes a longer gas pipe. The 9M38 is capable of readiness without inspection for at least 10 years of service. The missile is delivered to the army in the 9Ya266 (9Я266) transport container. The 9M317 missile
2387-440: The 9K37M1 Buk-M1, adopted into service in 1983. The modernisation improved the performance of the system radars, its "probability of kill" and its resistance to electronic countermeasures (ECM). Additionally a digital target classification system was installed, relying on spectral analysis of returned radar signals. This targeting system is of different nature and purpose when compared to an IFF system. Another modification to
Sovremenny-class destroyer - Misplaced Pages Continue
2464-503: The AK-130-MR-184. The system includes a computer control system with electronic and television sighting. The gun can be operated in fully automatic mode from the radar control system, under autonomous control using the turret-mounted Kondensor optical sighting system, and can also be laid manually. The rate of fire is disputed, but various Russian sources credit the weapon with a cyclic rate of 30–40 rounds per minute per barrel, in line with
2541-499: The Buk missile system was started in 1992 with work carried out between 1994 and 1997 to produce the 9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2, which entered service in 1998. This modification introduced a new missile, the 9M317, which offered greater kinetic performance over the previous 9M38, which could still be used by the Buk-M1-2. Such sharing of the missile type caused a transition to a different GRAU designation, 9K317, which has been used independently for all later systems. The previous 9K37 series name
2618-480: The Buk system; this new reporting name was the SA-17 Grizzly. The export version of the 9K37M1-2 system is called "Ural" (Russian: "Урал" ); this name has also been applied to M2, at least to early, towed, export versions. The introduction of the 9K37M1-2 system for the land forces also marked the introduction of a new naval variant: the "Ezh", which carries the NATO reporting name SA-N-7B 'Grizzly' (9M317 missile).
2695-518: The MG-335 hull-mounted array. Type 956 originally only carries the hull-mounted array because the ASW gear of this class is primarily for self-defence. For Type 956A, an improved MGK-355MS Platina is carried, which includes hull-mounted array, VDS, and towed array, with NATO reporting names Bull Nose / Mare Tail / Steer Hide respectively. It is reported that Type 956EM is equipped with the successor of MGK-355/355MS,
2772-492: The MGK-355TA integrated sonar system, which includes both the hull-mounted and towed arrays (with NATO reporting name Horse Jaw & Horse Tail respectively). The ship's propulsion system is based on two steam turbine engines each producing 37,000 kW (50,000 hp) together with four high-pressure boilers. There are two fixed-pitch propellers. The ship's maximum speed is just under 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph). At
2849-512: The MR-750 Top Steer D / E band as a target acquisition radar (naval analogue of the 9S18 or 9S18M1) which has a maximum detection range of 300 km (190 mi) depending on the variant. The radar performing the role of the 9S35 the 3R90 Front Dome H / I band tracking and engagement radar with a maximum range of 30 km (19 mi).The 'E' version = extended has a range of 50 to 70 km. The Uragan underwent trials from 1974 aboard
2926-518: The NATO reporting name Gollum and a DoD designation SA-N-7C , according to Jane's Missiles & Rockets . The naval system was scheduled for delivery in 2014. A Buk missile was used to shoot down Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 over Ukraine in 2014. Development of the 9K37 "Buk" started on 17 January 1972 at the request of the Central Committee of the CPSU . The development team included many of
3003-528: The PLAN ordered two improved versions designated Project 956EM. The first vessel was launched in late 2005, while the second was launched in 2006. All four vessels were commissioned to the East Sea Fleet . On the improved Project Project 956EM, the aft AK-130 main gun was removed. The four AK-630 CIWS were replaced by two sets of Kashtan CIWS short-range air defence gun/missile systems. Each Kashtan system comprises
3080-425: The Project 61 destroyer Provorny, prior to being introduced aboard the Project 956 Sovremenny class, with the first of class commissioned in 1980. The Uragan was officially adopted for service in 1983. The modernised version of the 3S90 is the 9K37M1-2 (or 9K317E) "Ezh", which carries the NATO reporting name "Grizzly" or SA-N-12 and the export designation "Shtil". It uses the new 9M317 missile. In 1997, India signed
3157-580: The Russian A2AD network, Buk is located between the S-200 / 300 / 400 systems above and the point defense Tor and Pantsir type systems below. A standard Buk battalion consists of a command vehicle, target acquisition radar (TAR) vehicle, six transporter erector launcher and radar (TELAR) vehicles and three transporter erector launcher (TEL) vehicles. A Buk missile battery consists of two TELAR (four missiles apiece) and one TEL vehicle, with six missiles for
Sovremenny-class destroyer - Misplaced Pages Continue
3234-624: The Russian Navy with several in overhaul. Four modified ships were delivered to the People's Liberation Army Navy , and remain in service. The Sovremenny class are guided-missile destroyers, primarily tasked with anti-ship warfare, while also providing sea and air defense for warships and transports under escort. The class was designed to complement the Udaloy -class destroyers, which were fitted primarily for anti-submarine operations. The project began in
3311-664: The SNTI-240). From mid-2014, all four Chinese Sovremenny -class destroyers are planned to undergo a midlife upgrade program. As of 2016, Hangzhou was reported to be undergoing refit with its original components replaced with domestic systems. In addition to the replacement of electronics and sensors, armament upgrades include replacing 2x4 3M80E Moskit anti-ship missiles with 2x4 YJ-12 A supersonic missiles and swapping two launchers for 48 SA-N-12 SAMs with 4 sets of 8-cell vertical launch systems totaling 32 cells for HQ-16 C or Yu-8 anti-submarine missiles. Buzzard From Misplaced Pages,
3388-820: The SS-N 22 guidance; 3 navigation and surface control radar MR-201 e 212; 2 'Bass Tilt' (MR-123) for CIWS; 6 'Front Dome'(MR-90) radar for SA-N-7 guidance (a very large arrangement to assure an effective defense against saturation attacks), linked with 3D radar and two SAM launcher (5 missile min each); 1 'Kite Screech' radar for 130 mm (MR-184 Lev). ECM and ESM are many: 2 ESM MR-410 or MP-405; 2 ECM MRP-11M or 12M ('Bell Shroud'), 2 'Bell Squat', 4 'Football B' and one MR-407; 2 PK-2M rocket launchers (140 mm), and 8 PK-10 (120 mm), 2–8 laser warning receiver systems Spektr-F, one Squeeze Box (TV, laser and IR system). Medium and high frequencies (M/HF) MGK-355 Platina integrated sonar system with NATO reporting name Bull Horn, including
3465-763: The US, the turkey vulture ( Cathartes aura ) is colloquially called a "buzzard". [REDACTED] Index of animals with the same common name This page is an index of articles on animal species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same common name ( vernacular name). If an internal link led you here, you may wish to edit the linking article so that it links directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buzzard&oldid=1248591019 " Categories : Set index articles on animal common names Bird common names Birds of prey Falconry Vultures Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
3542-502: The USSR". The vehicles of Buk-M2 (Buk-M2E) missile system use a slightly upgraded version of Argon-A15K. This processor is also used in such military systems as anti-submarine defence Korshun and Sova , airborne radars for MiG-31 and MiG-33 , mobile tactical missile systems Tochka , Oka and Volga . Currently, Argons are upgraded with the Baget series of processors by NIIP. The system
3619-673: The army would receive the brand-new Buk-M3 to replace the Buk-M1. He stipulated that the M3 would feature advanced electronic components and enter into service in 2009. The upgraded Buk-M3 TELAR will have a seven rollers tracked chassis and 6 missiles in launch tubes. A standard Buk battalion consists of a command vehicle, target acquisition radar (TAR) vehicle, six transporter erector launcher and radar (TELAR) vehicles and three transporter erector launcher (TEL) vehicles. A Buk missile battery consists of two TELAR and one TEL vehicle. The Buk-M1-2 TELAR uses
3696-484: The command component may be able to remotely detonate the missile, or the onboard contact fuse will cause the warhead to detonate. The most capable radar, assuming it has a line of sight (no terrain between the radar and the target), can track targets (depending on size) as low as 30 m (98 ft) and as far as 140 km (87 mi). The most capable missile can hit targets as far as 50 km (31 mi) and more than 24,000 m (79,000 ft) in altitude. Since
3773-561: The crew to a "black box" to allow objective assessment of the consistency of the crew's actions and results. All vehicles of the Buk-M1 (Buk-M1-2) missile system use an Argon-15A computer, as does the Zaslon radar (the first Soviet-made airborne digital computer, designed in 1972 by the Soviet Research Institute of Computer Engineering (NICEVT, currently NII Argon ). It is produced at a Chișinău plant originally named "50 Years of
3850-427: The designation M-22. The export version of this system is known as "Shtil" (Russian: Штиль ; still ). The 9М38 missiles from the 9K37 "Buk" are also used on the 3S90 "Uragan". The launch system is different with missiles being loaded vertically onto a single arm trainable launcher, this launcher is replenished from an under-deck magazine with a 24-round capacity, loading takes 12 seconds to accomplish. The Uragan uses
3927-429: The developers determined that although the Buk missile system is the successor to the Kub missile system, both systems could share some interoperability. The result of this decision was the 9K37-1 Buk-1 system. Interoperability between Buk TELAR and Kub TEL meant an increase in the number of fire control channels and available missiles for each system, as well as faster entry of Buk system components into service. The Buk-1
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#17328770342604004-422: The early Buk had a day radar tracking system 9Sh38 (similar to that used on Kub , Tor and Osa missile system ), its current design can be fitted with a combined optical tracking system with a thermal camera and a laser rangefinder for passive tracking of the target. The 9K37 system can also use the same 1S91 Straight Flush 25 kW G / H band continuous wave radar as the 3M9 "Kub" system. The 9S35 radar of
4081-455: The entire program. The lead ship of the class, Sovremenny was laid down in 1976 and commissioned in 1980. A total of 17 were built for the Russian Navy , but currently, only six remain in service due to a lack of funds and trained personnel. Additionally, two ships are ongoing modernization and overhaul and two are laid up in reserve (the table lists three in service, two in reserve, one being overhauled, and 11 decommissioned + four Chinese). All
4158-530: The fleet, from surveillance aircraft or via a communications link from the ship's helicopter. The multi-channel defence suite is capable of striking several targets simultaneously. The ship is outfitted with the Raduga Moskit anti-ship missile system with two four-cell launchers installed port and starboard of the forward island and set at an angle of about 15°. The ship carries a total of eight Moskit 3M80E missiles, NATO designation SS-N-22 Sunburn. The missile
4235-2295: The 💕 For other uses, see Buzzard (disambiguation) . Buzzard is the common name of several species of birds of prey . Buteo species [ edit ] Archer's buzzard ( Buteo archeri ) Augur buzzard ( Buteo augur ) Broad-winged hawk ( Buteo platypterus ) Common buzzard ( Buteo buteo ) Eastern buzzard ( Buteo japonicus ) Ferruginous hawk ( Buteo regalis ) Forest buzzard ( Buteo trizonatus ) Galápagos hawk ( Buteo galapagoensis ) Grey hawk ( Buteo plagiatus ) Grey-lined hawk ( Buteo nitidus ) Hawaiian hawk ( Buteo solitarius ) Jackal buzzard ( Buteo rufofuscus ) Long-legged buzzard ( Buteo rufinus ) Madagascar buzzard ( Buteo brachypterus ) Mountain buzzard ( Buteo oreophilus ) Puna hawk ( Buteo poecilochrous ) Red-backed hawk ( Buteo polyosoma ) Red-necked buzzard ( Buteo auguralis ) Red-shouldered hawk ( Buteo lineatus ) Red-tailed hawk ( Buteo jamaicensis ) Ridgway's hawk ( Buteo ridgwayi ) Roadside hawk ( Buteo magnirostris ) Rough-legged buzzard ( Buteo lagopus ) Rufous-tailed hawk ( Buteo ventralis ) Short-tailed hawk ( Buteo brachyurus ) Swainson's hawk ( Buteo swainsoni ) Upland buzzard ( Buteo hemilasius ) White-rumped hawk ( Buteo leucorrhous ) White-tailed hawk ( Buteo albicaudatus ) White-throated hawk ( Buteo albigula ) Zone-tailed hawk ( Buteo albonotatus ) Other species [ edit ] Black-breasted buzzard ( Hamirostra melanosternon ) Black-chested buzzard-eagle ( Geranoaetus melanoleucus ) Grasshopper buzzard ( Butastur rufipennis ) Grey-faced buzzard ( Butastur indicus ) Honey-buzzards, genus Pernis and Henicopernis , superficially resembling Buteo buzzards are specialist feeders on wasp nests and larvae Barred honey buzzard ( Pernis celebensis ) Black honey buzzard ( Henicopernis infuscatus ) Crested honey buzzard ( Pernis ptilorhynchus ) European honey buzzard ( Pernis apivorus ) Long-tailed honey buzzard ( Henicopernis longicauda ) Lizard buzzard ( Kaupifalco monogrammicus ) Rufous-winged buzzard ( Butastur liventer ) White-eyed buzzard ( Butastur teesa ) In parts of
4312-405: The full realisation of all functions, a Senezh-control system need various other monitoring systems for air defence and air force. Otherwise a Senezh system will work as a command centre, but not within a free association. The 3S90 "Uragan" (Russian: Ураган ; hurricane ) is the naval variant of the 9K37 "Buk" and has the NATO reporting name "Gadfly" and US DoD designation SA-N-7, it also carries
4389-466: The horizon. In 2011, Dolgoprudny NPP completed preliminary trials of the new autonomous target missile system OKR Pensne ( pince-nez in English) developed from earlier missiles. The weight of the missile is 581 kg, including the 62 kg blast fragmentation warhead initiated by a dual-mode radar proximity fuze. Dimensions of the hull are 5.18 m length; 0.36 m maximum diameter. Range
4466-439: The host ship. The Project 956 destroyer is fitted with an electronic countermeasures system and carries a store of 200 rockets for the two decoy dispensers, model PK-2. The complete sensor suite and ECM comprises: 3D radar 'Top Steer', replaced later with 'Top Plate' (MR-760), 230 km range vs fighters and 50 km vs missiles and a total of 40 targets can be simultaneously tracked; Mineral system ('Band Stand') to allow
4543-437: The increased size of the newer missile, and these launching tubes can be used to fire/store the original 3M80 as well. A third version, Project 956EM, later developed for the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force was the latest development of this class. Chinese media called the ship a "carrier killer". The ship's combat systems can use target designation data from the ship's active and passive sensors, from other ships in
4620-405: The introduction of the Buk in the 1970s, the capabilities of its system components have evolved, which has led to different nomenclature and nicknames for the components' variants. The Buk has also been adapted for use on naval vessels. The basic command post of the Buk missile system is 9С510 (9K317 Buk-M2), 9S470M1-2 (9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2) and 9S470 (Buk-M1) vehicles, organising the Buk system into
4697-560: The land-based system, a marine system was to be produced for the Navy: the 3S90 "Uragan" (Russian: "Ураган" ; hurricane ) which also carries the SA-N-7 and "Gadfly" designations. The Buk missile system was designed to surpass the 2K12 Kub in all parameters, and its designers, including its chief designer Ardalion Rastov , visited Egypt in 1971 to see Kub in operation. Both the Kub and Buk used self-propelled launchers developed by Ardalion Rastov. As
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#17328770342604774-408: The late 1960s when it was becoming obvious in the Soviet Navy that naval guns still had an important role, particularly in support of amphibious landings, but existing gun cruisers and destroyers were showing their age. A new design was started, employing a new 130 mm automatic gun turret. Single and twin mounts were developed, and the twin mount was chosen for its superior rate of fire. In 1971
4851-533: The launcher and associated guidance radars were exchanged for naval variants. After the 9S90 system was tested, between 1974 and 1976 on the Kashin-class destroyer Provorny , it was accepted into service in 1983 on the Project 956 Sovremenny-class destroyers . No sooner had the 9K37 "Buk" entered service than the Central Committee of the CPSU authorised the development of a modernised 9K37 which would become
4928-457: The loading of missiles. They are capable of launching missiles directly but require the cooperation of a Fire Dome-equipped TELAR for missile guidance. A reload vehicle can transfer its missiles to a TELAR in around 13 minutes and can reload itself from stores in around 15 minutes. Also, the Buk-M2 featured a new vehicle like TELAR but with radar atop of a telescopic lift and without missiles, called
5005-516: The missile to the target until the missile's onboard radar system takes over to provide final course corrections. A proximity fuse aboard the missile determines when it will detonate, creating an expanding fragmentation pattern of missile components and warhead to intercept and destroy the target. A proximity fuse improves the "probability of kill" given the missile and target closure rates, which can be more than 3,000 km/h (1,900 mph) (or more than 900 m/s (3,000 ft/s)). Alternatively,
5082-525: The name "Shtil-1". Jane's also reported that in the Russian forces it would have a name of 3S90M ("Smerch") (Russian: "Смерч" , English translation: ' tornado '). The Buk-M1-2 modernisation – based on a previous more advanced developmental system referred to as the 9K317 "Buk-M2" – featured new missiles and a new third-generation phased array fire control radar allowing targeting of up to four targets while tracking an additional 24. A new radar system with
5159-481: The original Buk TELAR uses a mechanical scan of a Cassegrain antenna reflector, where the Buk-M2 TELAR design used a PESA , for tracking and missile guidance. The 9K37 uses the 9S18 "Tube Arm" or 9S18M1 (which carries the NATO reporting name "Snow Drift") (Russian: СОЦ 9C18 "Купол" ; dome ) target acquisition radar in combination with the 9S35 or 9S35M1 "Fire Dome" H / I band tracking and engagement radar which
5236-538: The same institutions that had developed the previous 2K12 "Kub" (NATO reporting name "Gainful", SA-6), including the Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (NIIP) as the lead designer and the Novator design bureau, which was responsible for the development of the missile armament. Agat [ ru ] were employed to develop radar-homing capacities In addition to
5313-472: The ships were built by Severnaya Verf 190 in St. Petersburg . These ships have a maximum displacement of 7,940 tons. The ships are 156 metres (511 ft 10 in) in length, with a beam of 17.3 metres (56 ft 9 in) and a draught of 6.5 metres (21 ft 4 in). They are armed with an anti-submarine helicopter, 48 air defence missiles, eight anti-ship missiles, torpedoes, mines, long-range guns and
5390-538: The use of the mobile command center Ranzhir or Ranzhir-M ( GRAU designations 9S737, 9S737М) the Buk missile system allows creation of mixed groups of air defense forces, including Tor , Tunguska , Strela-10 , and Igla . "Senezh" is another optional command post for a free mixing of any systems. In addition to mixing their potential, each of the air defense system with the aid of Senezh can become part of another air defence system (missile's / radar's / targeting information). The system works automatically. But for
5467-457: Was proportional navigation . Some elements of the missile were compatible with the Kub's 3M9; for example, its forward compartment diameter 330 millimetres (13 in), which was less than the rear compartment diameter. 9M38M1 contains about 8000 shrapnel elements in the warhead, of which every fourth is in the shape of a butterfly. The 9M38 surface-to-air missile uses a two-mode solid-fuel rocket engine with total burn time of about 15 seconds;
5544-455: Was adopted into service in 1978 following completion of state trials, while the complete Buk missile system was accepted into service in 1980 after state trials took place between 1977 and 1979. The naval variant of the 9K37 "Buk", the 3S90 "Uragan", was developed by the Altair design bureau under the direction of chief designer G.N. Volgin. The 3S90 used the same 9M38 missile as the 9K37, though
5621-464: Was also preserved for the complex, as was the "Buk" name. The new missile, as well as a variety of other modifications, allowed the system to shoot down ballistic missiles and surface targets, as well as enlarging the "performance and engagement envelope" (zone of danger for potential attack) for more traditional targets like aircraft and helicopters. The 9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2 also received a new NATO reporting name distinguishing it from previous generations of
5698-448: Was designed by MNII Agat ( Zhukovskiy ) and manufactured by MMZ at Ioshkar-Ola . The 9M317 missile uses active homing when approaching the target. Currently, several modernised versions are ordered, including the 9M317M / 9M317ME, and active radar homing (ARH) missile 9M317A / 9M317MAE. The lead developer, NIIP , reported the testing of the 9M317A missile within Buk-M1-2A "OKR Vskhod" ( Sprout in English) in 2005. The range
5775-483: Was designed by OJSC Dolgoprudny Scientific Production Plant (DNPP). The maximum engageable target speed was Mach 3.49 and it can tolerate an acceleration overload of 24G. It was first used with Buk-M1-2 system of the land forces and the Shtil-1 system of the naval forces. In comparison with 9M38M1, the 9M317 has a larger defeat area, which is up to 45 km of range and 25 km of altitude and of lateral parameter, and
5852-715: Was developed as a common missile for the Russian Ground Force's Air Defence Forces (PVO) (using Buk-M1-2 ) as well as for ship-based PVO of the Russian Navy ( Ezh ). Its exterior design bears a resemblance to the Vympel R-37 air-to-air missile. The unified multi-functional 9M317 (export designation 9M317E) can be used to engage aerodynamic, ballistic, above-water and radio contrast targets from both land and sea. Examples of targets include tactical ballistic missiles , strategic cruise missiles , anti-ship missiles , tactical, strategic and army aircraft and helicopters. It
5929-406: Was exported under the name "Shtil" and carries a NATO reporting name of SA-N-7C 'Gollum' (9M317E missile), according to Jane's catalogue. The 9K317 incorporates the 9M317 missile to replace the 9M38 used by the previous system. A further development of the system was unveiled as a concept at EURONAVAL 2004, a vertical launch variant of the 9M317, the 9M317ME, which is expected to be exported under
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