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34-614: Souw Beng Kong was born in Tong An , Fujian around 1580, during the Ming Dynasty . By the beginning of the seventeenth century, he had established himself as a leading magnate and merchant in the port city of Banten on the north coast of Java. He was appointed by Pangeran Ratu, Sultan of Banten (1596–1647) as the Kapitan Cina , or Chinese headman, of Banten. In the conflict between the Sultan and

68-658: A lobe up to 40 m thick in the southern part of the Taiwan Strait. The Strait mostly separated the Han culture of the Chinese mainland from Taiwan Island 's aborigines for millennia, although the Hakka and Hoklo traded and migrated across it. European explorers , principally the Portuguese , Spanish and Dutch , also took advantage of the strait to establish forward bases for trade with

102-563: Is 1685.2mm, accumulated temperature is 57.67-77.17°C. This climate is suitable for agriculture, forestry industries, animal husbandry and fisheries. Taiwan Strait The Taiwan Strait is a 180-kilometer (110 mi; 97 nmi)-wide strait separating the island of Taiwan and the Asian continent . The strait is part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to

136-490: Is a northern mainland district of Xiamen which faces Quemoy County , Republic of China. To the north is Anxi and Nan'an, and to the south is Jimei. Tong'an is also east of Lianxiang and Changqin to the West. It covers 657.59 square kilometres (253.90 sq mi) Tong'an District has a population of 855,920 residents. (2020 Census). The District deserves a nickname of Silver City (銀城 POJ: Gûn-siâⁿ pinyin: Yínchéng) because

170-576: Is at the economic crossroad between Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou prefecture level cities. It is an important transport hub because the Fuzhou-Xiamen and Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Highways pass directly through Tong'an District providing direct access to all the counties and villages. The Xiamen International Airport is only 27 km away. It is 32 km from the North Xiamen Freight Transport Railway Station. Tong'an climate

204-548: Is subtropical, rich rainfall in mild winters and hot summers. Winters are short, roughly 25 days and summer is hot with up to 152 days. The weather is changeable in spring, and autumn is very cool. Tong'an annual average temperature is 21.86 °C The coldest temperature is 13.9 °C in January and hottest is 28.9 °C in July. The annual average rainfall is 1543.5 mm and 2030.7 hours sunlight per year. The annual average evaporation

238-404: Is the body of water separating Fujian Province from Taiwan Island . The international agreement does not define the Taiwan Strait but places its waters within the South China Sea , whose northern limit runs from Cape Fugui (the northernmost point on Taiwan Island ; Fukikaku) to Niushan Island to the southernmost point of Pingtan Island and thence westward along the parallel 25° 24′ N. to

272-750: The First Sino-Japanese War and gained control of Taiwan at its conclusion in 1895. Control of the eastern half of the strait was used to establish control of the southern Chinese coast during the Second World War . The strait protected Japanese bases and industry in Taiwan from Chinese attack and sabotage, but aerial warfare reached the island by 1943. The 1944 Formosa Air Battle gave the United States Pacific Fleet air supremacy from its carrier groups and Philippine bases; subsequently,

306-683: The Southern Ming branches of the old imperial dynasty. Dorgon and the Kangxi Emperor were able to consolidate their control over southern mainland China; Koxinga found himself limited to raiding across the strait. His grandson Zheng Keshuang surrendered to the Qing after his admiral lost the 1683 Battle of the Penghu Islands in the middle of the strait. Japan seized the Penghu Islands during

340-560: The Third Taiwan Strait Crisis . These confrontations did not result in large-scale military conflicts between China and Taiwan. In the 21st century, the Cross-Strait relations stabilized, leading to the establishment of Three Links on 15 December 2008, with the commencement of direct commercial flights, shipping, and post across the Taiwan Strait. On 25 May 2002, China Airlines Flight 611 broke up in mid-air and crashed into

374-654: The Xixi River ("Western Stream"), the largest river of Xiamen City. The Xixi starts in the Zhaijianwei Mountains (寨尖尾山 Zhàijiānwěishān) in the northwestern part of Tong'an District, and flows in the general south-eastern direction. After receiving a number of tributaries - Lianhuaxi (莲花溪, Lotus Stream), Aoxi ( 澳溪 ), Tingxi ( 汀溪 ), it merges with the Dongxi (东溪, Eastern Stream) at the place called Suangxikou (双溪口, "The confluence of two streams). The Xixi's estuary opens into

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408-593: The Dongzui Harbor (东咀港), which is a bay of Taiwan Strait mostly enclosed by Tong'an District and Xiang'an District on the mainland (on the northwest and east, respectively) and by the Xiamen Island in the south. A number of large bridges have been constructed across the Xixi estuary, carrying roads and a railway between Tong'an and Xiang'an Districts (and, viewed on a larger scale, between Xiamen and Quanzhou ). Tong'an

442-757: The Dutch East India Company, however, Souw sided with the company. He developed a cordial relationship with Jan Pieterszoon Coen , the fourth Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1587-1629). When Coen moved the Dutch headquarters from Banten to the newly conquered city of Jayakarta (later renamed Batavia), the Governor-General asked Souw to relocate to the new Dutch capital. Souw played an important role in consolidating Dutch rule in Batavia by encouraging

476-561: The Indians and the Papangers. Interethnic relations were close. Kapitein Souw Beng Kong is recorded to have had two Balinese wives who gave birth to two sons. Beyond his role as Kapitein, Souw Beng Kong was also given the authority to mint coins and print money and the license to tax gambling in Batavia. He also developed trade links between Dutch Formosa (Taiwan) and Batavia towards the end of

510-611: The Ming Dynasty. Souw resigned his captaincy in 1636 after 17 years in office. Kapitein Souw Beng Kong died in 1644. As proven by his tomb, which refers to the Ming dynasty, Souw was a lifelong Ming loyalist . The tomb of Kapitein Souw Beng Kong is one of the oldest historic sites of the colonial period in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is located in Mangga Dua Selatan , Central Jakarta , in what

544-685: The Penghu Islands. All of Fujian Province's rivers except the Ting run into the Taiwan Strait. The largest two are the Min and the Jiulong . A theoretical "median line", also known as the Davis line, was defined down the middle of the strait by US Air Force General Benjamin O. Davis Jr. in 1955, after which the US pressured both sides not to cross it. As a tacit understanding, it never gained official or legal status. The PRC avoided

578-401: The Taiwan Strait, killing all 225 people on board. On 26 February 2022, China denounced the sailing of the U.S. Navy's 7th Fleet Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS  Ralph Johnson through the Taiwan Strait as a "provocative act". Since 2018 China has denied that the concept of international waters applies to the Taiwan Strait. China does not claim sovereignty over

612-678: The bombing was continuous until Japan's surrender in 1945. The rapid advance of the Communist PLA in 1949 provoked the government's retreat across the Taiwan Strait. In the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War , People's Republic of China and Republic of China had multiple brief armed conflicts on the Taiwan Strait, consequently named the First Taiwan Strait Crisis , the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis , and

646-641: The coast of Fujian Province . The draft for a new edition of the IHO 's Limits of Oceans and Seas does precisely define the Taiwan Strait, classifying it as part of the North Pacific Ocean . It makes the Taiwan Strait a body of water between the East and South China Seas and delimits it: On the North: A line joining the coast of China (25° 42′ N - 119° 36′ E) eastward to Xiang Cape (25° 40′ N - 119° 47′ 10″ E),

680-552: The coast of China (the common limit with the South China Sea, see 6.1). On the West: From the mouth of Hanjiang River northeastward, along the coast of China, to position 25° 42′ N - 119° 36′ E. The entire strait is on Asia's continental shelf . It is almost entirely less than 150 m (490 ft; 82 fathoms) deep, with a short ravine of that depth off the southwest coast of Taiwan. As such, there are many islands in

714-501: The eastern and south-eastern part of the then Tong'an District were split off, to form the new Xiang'an District . Tong'an has a mild sub tropical climate. This is very suitable for growing crops and plants. It is covered in natural resources such as granite, kaolin earth, mineral water and hot springs. It is emerging as a growing commercial base. The main agricultural products from Tong'an District are prawns, peanuts, longan, and pigs, fruits, vegetables, tea and herbs. Tong'an district

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748-750: The entire strait but seeks to regulate what it views as "support for the Taiwan authorities and muscle-flexing against the mainland". This position has led to concerns from American, Australian, and French officials and objection from Taiwan. "International waters" is technically not defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , and there is no high seas corridor within the Taiwan Strait, but transit rights mimicking high seas such as innocent passage and freedom of navigation are generally allowed within exclusive economic zones . Fishermen have used

782-432: The line when its air and naval powers were still weak but has never recognized the median line. Aircraft from Taiwan crossed it frequently until the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1958. After its first encroachment in 1999, China has sent aircraft over the median line with increasing regularity, although it tries not to do so when relations with Taiwan are good. In 2019, Taiwan's defense ministry provided coordinates for

816-543: The mainland during the Ming ; the bases were also used for raiding both the Chinese coast and the trading ships of rival countries. Widespread Chinese migration across the strait began in the late Ming . During the Qing conquest , Zheng Chenggong ( Koxinga ) expelled the Dutch and established the Kingdom of Tungning in 1661, planning to launch a reconquest of the mainland in the name of

850-413: The median line. The ministry recognizes the line as running from 27°N, 122°E in the north to 23°N, 118°E on the southern end. Each year, Taiwan's rivers carry up to 370 million tons of sediments into the sea, including 60 to 150 million tons deposited into the Taiwan Strait. During the past ten thousand years, 600 billion tons of riverine sediments have been deposited in the Taiwan Strait, locally forming

884-614: The north. The narrowest part is 130 km (81 mi; 70 nmi) wide. Former names of the Taiwan Strait include the Formosa Strait or Strait of Formosa , from a dated name for Taiwan ; the Strait of Fokien or Fujian , from the Chinese province forming the strait's western shore; and the Black Ditch , a calque of the strait's name in Hokkien and Hakka . The Taiwan Strait

918-568: The northern extremity of Haitan Island , and thence to Fugui Cape (25° 17′ 45″ N - 121° 32′ 30″ E), the northern extremity of Taiwan Island (the common limit with the East China Sea , see 7.3). On the East: From Fugui Cape southward, along the western coast of Taiwan Island , to Eluan Cape (21° 53′ 45″ N - 120° 51′ 30″ E), the southern extremity of this island. On the South: A line joining Eluan Cape northwestward, along

952-457: The old city resembled a sycee in plan view. Tong’an District administers two subdistricts: Datong and Xiang Ping. It has local authority over six towns. They are Hongtang, Wuxian, Tingxi, Xinming, Xike and Lianhua. Tong'an District is also attracting foreign investment because of its status as a designated special economic zone in Xiamen. Tong'an District is almost coterminous with the basin of

986-567: The settlement of Chinese migrants, starting with 170 Chinese families from Banten. The Company appointed Souw as Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia with political and legal authority over the local Chinese community. This system formed part of the Dutch colonial system of ‘Indirect Rule’. Similar posts were created for leaders of other ethnic groups in Batavia, such as the Bugis, the Balinese, the Makassarese,

1020-455: The southern banks of Nanao Island , to the southeastern extremity of this island (23° 23′ 35″ N - 117° 07′ 15″ E); thence westward, along the southern coast of Nanao Island , to Changshan Head (23° 25′ 50″ N - 116° 56′ 25″ E), the western extremity of this island; and thence a line joining Changshan Head westward to the mouth of the Hanjiang River (23° 27′ 30″ N - 116° 52′ E), on

1054-536: The strait as a fishing resource since time immemorial. In the modern world, it is the gateway used by ships of almost every kind on passage to and from nearly all the important ports in Northeast Asia . Chinese vessels often trespass into Taiwanese territorial waters to fish or dredge sand, leading to interceptions by the Coast Guard Administration as well as seizures, confiscations, and fines. Taiwan

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1088-747: The strait. The largest and most important islands off the coast of Fujian are Xiamen , Gulangyu , Pingtan (the "Haitan" of the IHO delineation), Kinmen , and Matsu . The first three are controlled by the People's Republic of China (PRC); the last two by the Republic Of China (ROC). Within the strait lie the Penghu or the Pescadores, also controlled by the ROC. There is a major underwater bank 40–60 km (25–37 mi) north of

1122-663: Was made a county in AD 282 during the Jin Dynasty , but its status was revoked not long after. It was again given "county" status in AD 933 under the Later Tang administration. Prior to 1914, its jurisdiction covered regions including present day Xiamen City, Kinmen County (ROC) and the north-eastern part of Longhai City. In May 1997, Tong'an lost its county status and became a district within Xiamen. In September 2003, 5 towns (namely Xindian , Xinxu , Maxiang , Neicuo , and Dadeng ) in

1156-751: Was then the outskirts of the old colonial capital. The then derelict tomb was first restored during the mayoralty of Souw's last colonial successor, Majoor Khouw Kim An (in office: 1910–1918, 1927–1945), who also added a commemorative plaque. After decades of abandonment and neglect, the tomb was restored between 2006 and 2008 by a group led by MATAKIN (Supreme Council for the Confucian Religion in Indonesia) and Trisakti University . Tong%27an District Tong'an District ( simplified Chinese : 同安 区 ; traditional Chinese : 同安 區 ; pinyin : Tóng'ān Qū ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Tâng-oaⁿ-khu )

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