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104-537: Southland Tales is a 2006 dystopian black comedy thriller film written and directed by Richard Kelly . It features an ensemble cast that includes Dwayne Johnson , Seann William Scott , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Mandy Moore , and Justin Timberlake . An international co-production of the United States and Germany, the film is set in the then-near future of 2008, and is a portrait of Los Angeles , as well as

208-553: A Third World War (a fictionalized version of what the nation may have become under the War on Terror ), with the US government re-introducing the draft . The PATRIOT Act has extended authority to a new agency known as US-IDent, which keeps constant surveillance on citizens—even to the extent of censoring the Internet and requiring fingerprints to access computers and bank accounts. In response to

312-535: A bike messenger in Boston . Garofalo officially began her career in comedy in the mid-1980s during the pre-grunge era. Her appearance was often in line with very mid-1980s style: disheveled with thick black glasses and unkempt hair. Her comedy is often self deprecating; she has made fun of popular culture and the pressures on women to conform to body image ideals promoted by the media. When in San Francisco, Garofalo

416-476: A cult following in subsequent years. Kelly has expressed interest in expanding the film into a franchise. On July 4 , 2005, in a fictionalized United States alternate history reality, two towns in Texas ( El Paso and Abilene ) were destroyed by twin nuclear attacks, killing thousands and triggering a catastrophe of unimaginable proportions, sending the United States into a state of chaos and hysteria, as well as

520-505: A musical in a post-modern sense of the word in that it is a hybrid of several genres. There will be some dancing and singing, but it will be incorporated into the story in very logical scenarios as well as fantasy dream environments." Kelly said the film's biggest influences are Kiss Me Deadly , Pulp Fiction , Brazil , and Dr. Strangelove . He called it a "strange hybrid of the sensibilities of Andy Warhol and Philip K. Dick ". The film often references religious and literary works;

624-831: A "perfect" world. Janeane Garofalo Janeane Garofalo ( / dʒ ə ˈ n iː n ɡ ə ˈ r ɒ f əl oʊ / jə- NEEN gə- ROF -əl-oh ; born September 28, 1964 ) is an American comedian, actress, and former co-host on Air America Radio 's The Majority Report . Garofalo began her career as a stand-up comedian and became a cast member on The Ben Stiller Show , The Larry Sanders Show , and Saturday Night Live , then appeared in more than 50 movies, with leading or major roles in The Truth About Cats & Dogs , Wet Hot American Summer , The Matchmaker , Reality Bites , The Wild , Steal This Movie! , Clay Pigeons , Sweethearts , Mystery Men , The Minus Man , and The Independent . She has been

728-457: A Comedy Series nominations in 1996 and 1997. For a time, she was actually working on both series simultaneously. After The Ben Stiller Show was cancelled, Garofalo joined the cast of Saturday Night Live (SNL) for its 1994–95 season . She left SNL in March 1995 (mid-season) after only six months, saying that the experience left her "anxious and depressed", and that a sexist attitude pervaded

832-452: A February 23, 2003, episode of Fox News Sunday , Garofalo said of the Iraqi leader: Yes, I think lots of people are eager to obtain weapons of mass destruction . But there's no evidence that he (Hussein) has weapons of mass destruction. There's been no evidence of him testing nuclear weapons . We have people that are in our face with nuclear weapons. We've got Iran and North Korea. We've got

936-459: A Man in Vegas . In 1996 she was cast in the starring role in the romantic comedy The Truth About Cats & Dogs , a variation on Cyrano de Bergerac , which featured Uma Thurman in the top-billed but smaller role as a beautiful but vapid model, while Garofalo played a highly intelligent radio host. Initially an independent film, it became a studio movie when Thurman joined the project. Based on

1040-464: A Snowy Evening and an altered version of T. S. Eliot 's The Hollow Men . In March 2004, Kelly and Cherry Road Films began development of Southland Tales . Filmmakers entered negotiations with actors Seann William Scott , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Jason Lee , Janeane Garofalo , Tim Blake Nelson , Amy Poehler , Kevin Smith , and Ali Larter . Musician Moby was approached on composing and performing

1144-470: A budget of around US$ 15–17 million. Kelly sent the organizers of the 2006 Cannes Film Festival a rough cut of Southland Tales on DVD assuming that it would not be accepted. Much to his surprise, they loved it and wanted the film entered in competition for the Palme d'Or . He stopped editing the film and was also unable to complete all of the visual effects in time for the screening. Kelly's film premiered at

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1248-730: A buffoon of, that people will say, 'You were wrong. You were a fatalist.' And I will go to the White House on my knees on cut glass and say, 'Hey, you and Thomas Friedman were right ... I shouldn't have doubted you ...' Garofalo said she had misgivings in 2007 about the depiction of torture in the television series 24 but joined the cast because "being unemployed and being flattered that someone wanted to work with me outweighed my stance". In April 2009, Garofalo drew criticism from The Washington Times when she denounced Tea Party protests , which she referred to as racist. She continued to criticize Tea Party protesters. In February 2009, Garofalo

1352-542: A coercively persuaded population divided into five castes. Karin Boye 's 1940 novel Kallocain is set in a totalitarian world state where a drug is used to control the individual's thoughts. Anthony Burgess ' 1962 novel A Clockwork Orange is set in a future England that has a subculture of extreme youth violence, and details the protagonist's experiences with the state intent on changing his character at their whim. Margaret Atwood 's The Handmaid's Tale (1985) describes

1456-566: A comedy talent search sponsored by the Showtime cable network, and won the title of "Funniest Person in Rhode Island ." Dreaming of earning a slot on the writing staff of the TV show Late Night with David Letterman , she became a professional standup comic upon graduating from college with degrees in history and American studies. She struggled to make a living for a number of years, even working briefly as

1560-585: A future United States governed by a totalitarian theocracy , where women have no rights, and Stephen King 's The Long Walk (1979) describes a similar totalitarian scenario, but depicting the participation of teenage boys in a deadly contest. Examples of young-adult dystopian fiction include (notably all published after 2000) The Hunger Games series by Suzanne Collins , the Divergent series by Veronica Roth , The Power of Five series by Anthony Horowitz , The Maze Runner series by James Dashner , and

1664-448: A government that is overprotective of nature or a society that has lost most modern technology and struggles for survival. A fine example of this is the novel Riddley Walker . Another subgenre is feminist utopias and the overlapping category of feminist science fiction . According to the author Sally Miller Gearhart , "A feminist utopian novel is one which a. contrasts the present with an envisioned idealized society (separated from

1768-577: A group of followers, the Icarians , to leave France in 1848, and travel to the United States to start a series of utopian settlements in Texas, Illinois, Iowa, California, and elsewhere. These groups lived in communal settings and lasted until 1898. Among the first decades of the 20th century in Russia, utopian science fiction literature popularity rose extremely due to the fact that the citizens wanted to fantasize about

1872-498: A liberal when she voiced opposition to what became the 2003 Iraq War , appearing on CNN and Fox News to discuss it. She said that she was approached by groups such as MoveOn .org and Win Without War to go on TV, because these organizations say that the networks were not allowing antiwar voices to be heard. Garofalo and the other celebrities who appeared at the time said they thought their fame could lend attention to that side of

1976-776: A limited number of locations. The Region 1 DVD was released on March 18, 2008, in North America and the Region 2 release was on March 31, 2008, in the United Kingdom. The film was released on Region 4 DVD in Australia on April 30, 2008. Special features include a 33-minute documentary USIDent TV: Surveiling the Southland and a 10-minute animated short film This Is the Way the World Ends (which

2080-414: A modern utopian society built on equality. Other examples include Samuel Johnson 's The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia (1759) and Samuel Butler 's Erewhon (1872), which uses an anagram of "nowhere" as its title. This, like much of utopian literature, can be seen as satire ; Butler inverts illness and crime, with punishment for the former and treatment for the latter. One example of

2184-456: A movie where a teen girl was disemboweled. I didn't know it turned out so good, and it was a funny movie." Following up The Truth About Cats and Dogs , Garofalo played the lead role in The Matchmaker , a 1997 romantic comedy film about the misadventures of a cynical American woman who reluctantly visits Ireland; it is Garofalo's first and only lead role to date. That same year, she played

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2288-729: A one-hour stand-up special entitled If I May , performed at Seattle 's Moore Theatre that aired on Epix in June 2010 and was released on DVD in September 2010. Garofalo has performed a variety of roles in more than 50 feature films, playing leading or large roles in The Truth About Cats & Dogs , I Shot a Man in Vegas , The Matchmaker , Clay Pigeons , Steal This Movie! , Sweethearts , Mystery Men , The Independent , Wet Hot American Summer , Manhood , Ash Tuesday , and Bad Parents . Her first movie role, filmed

2392-431: A piece of science fiction that's about a really important problem we're facing, about civil liberties and homeland security and needing to sustain both those things and balance them." He described the film as a "tapestry of ideas all related to some of the biggest issues that I think we're facing right now . . . alternative fuel or the increasing obsession with celebrity and how celebrity now intertwines with politics". With

2496-448: A policeman says, "Flow my tears," in reference to a Philip K. Dick novel of that name . ("Taverner" is the name of the main character in the same book and suffers identity problems of his own.) Pilot Abilene ( Justin Timberlake ) quotes Biblical scripture from the Book of Revelation in narrating the film and allusion is made both to Robert Frost 's The Road Not Taken , Stopping by Woods on

2600-529: A problem with Pakistan. You know, I don't know what to say about that. There's a whole lot of people that are going nuclear. And I think that Saddam Hussein is actually, with the evidence, the least able to use nuclear weapons and the least obvious offender in that area at this moment. In March 2003, she took part in the Code Pink anti-war march in Washington, D.C. That autumn, she served as emcee at several stops on

2704-912: A pronounced French accent for the role, appropriate for a character based on a French cook described as the world's best female chef. She made cameo appearances in The Guitar in 2008 and Labor Pains in 2009, and starred in Bad Parents in 2012, a comedy about New Jersey soccer moms obsessing over their children's experiences playing the sport. She starred in the 2015 film 3rd Street Blackout . Garofalo's big break came in 1990 after meeting Ben Stiller at Canter's Deli in Los Angeles, where they were hanging out with stand-up friends. They bonded over their "love of SCTV , early Saturday Night Live , and Albert Brooks ." Her first exposure on national television came soon thereafter by way of her appearance as

2808-418: A psychic ex– porn star in the midst of creating a reality TV show, and twin brothers Roland and Ronald Taverner, whose destinies become intertwined with that of all mankind. The Taverner twins are revealed to be the same person by the engineers of Treer, duplicated when Roland traveled through a rift in space-time, while Boxer has become the most wanted man in the world despite his political ties and his having

2912-659: A satiric commentary on the military–industrial complex and the infotainment industry. The title refers to the Southland, a name used by locals to refer to the Greater Los Angeles area . Original music was provided by Moby . Southland Tales premiered at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival , and was released theatrically in the United States on November 14, 2007. The film polarised critics, who responded unfavourably to its running time and sprawling nature in spite of its "intriguing vision", and only made $ 374,743 during its international theatrical run. Despite this, it has developed

3016-454: A series regular on television programs such as The West Wing , Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp , 24 , Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce , and Ideal . Garofalo was born in Newton, New Jersey , the daughter of Joan and Carmine Garofalo. Her mother, a secretary in the petrochemical industry, died of cancer when Janeane was 24; her father is a former Exxon executive. Garofalo

3120-483: A small number of works depicting what might be called eco-utopia, or eco-utopian trends, have also been influential. These include Ernest Callenbach 's Ecotopia , an important 20th century example of this genre. Kim Stanley Robinson has written several books dealing with environmental themes, including the Mars trilogy . Most notably, however, his Three Californias Trilogy contrasted an eco-dystopia with an eco-utopia and

3224-430: A sort of middling-future. Robinson has also edited an anthology of short ecotopian fiction, called Future Primitive: The New Ecotopias . Another impactful piece of Robinson's is New York 2140 which focuses on the aftermath of society after a major flooding event, and can be seen through both a utopian and dystopian lens. There are a few dystopias that have an "anti-ecological" theme. These are often characterized by

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3328-454: A stand-up comic on MTV's Half Hour Comedy Hour . Subsequently, her first television series debut was on the short-lived Ben Stiller Show on Fox in 1992, on which she was a cast member alongside longtime friends Bob Odenkirk and Andy Dick . A chance meeting on the set of that show led her to being offered the role of Paula on The Larry Sanders Show on HBO , earning her two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in

3432-567: A supporting role as a deputy sheriff in the drama Cop Land , a police gangster film starring Sylvester Stallone , Harvey Keitel , Ray Liotta and Robert De Niro . In 1998, she performed her first voice-acting job playing "Ursula the Artist" in Disney 's English dub of Studio Ghibli 's Kiki's Delivery Service and briefly appeared in Permanent Midnight . In 1999, she starred as "The Bowler" in

3536-523: A utopia; the others have significant dystopian aspects. In ecotopian fiction , the author posits either a utopian or dystopian world revolving around environmental conservation or destruction. Danny Bloom coined the term "cli-fi" in 2006, with a Twitter boost from Margaret Atwood in 2011, to cover climate change-related fiction , but the theme has existed for decades. Novels dealing with overpopulation , such as Harry Harrison 's Make Room! Make Room! (made into movie Soylent Green ), were popular in

3640-509: Is in love with Zora. Holmes Osborne plays conservative Senator Bobby Frost, Will Sasso plays Fortunio Balducci and Christopher Lambert plays Walter Mung. Kelly wrote Southland Tales shortly before the September 11 attacks . The original script involved blackmail , a porn star, and two cops. After the attacks, Kelly revised the script. He said, "[The original script] was more about making fun of Hollywood. But now it's about, I hope, creating

3744-518: Is not chosen until maturity, and gender has no bearing on social roles. In contrast, Doris Lessing 's The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five (1980) suggests that men's and women's values are inherent to the sexes and cannot be changed, making a compromise between them essential. In My Own Utopia (1961) by Elisabeth Mann Borgese , gender exists but is dependent upon age rather than sex — genderless children mature into women, some of whom eventually become men. Marge Piercy 's novel Woman on

3848-453: Is of Italian descent. She grew up in various places, including: Ontario, California ; Madison, New Jersey ; and Houston , Texas, where she graduated from James E. Taylor High School . Garofalo has said that she disliked life in Houston because of the heat and humidity and the emphasis on prettiness and sports in high school. While studying history at Providence College , Garofalo entered

3952-432: Is the only way to account for the dialogue." On the program Ebert & Roeper , Richard Roeper and guest critic Michael Phillips gave the film a negative review. While Roeper called the film "Two hours and twenty-four minutes of abstract crap," Phillips felt that "the film has a head on its shoulders despite the fact that it can't find any direction" but nevertheless gave the film a thumbs down. J. Hoberman defended

4056-528: Is to remove men, either showing isolated all-female societies as in Charlotte Perkins Gilman 's Herland , or societies where men have died out or been replaced, as in Joanna Russ 's A Few Things I Know About Whileaway , where "the poisonous binary gender" has died off. In speculative fiction, female-only worlds have been imagined to come about by the action of disease that wipes out men, along with

4160-522: The Los Angeles Times , Carina Chocano wrote, "You get the sense that Kelly is too angry to really find any of it funny. It's easy to empathize with his position, not so easy to remain engrossed in a film that's occasionally inspired but ultimately manic and scattered." David Edelstein 's review in New York magazine criticized the film's writing, "Kelly aims high and must have shot off his own ear, which

4264-610: The Uglies series by Scott Westerfeld . Video games often include dystopias as well; notable examples include the Fallout series, BioShock , and the later games of the Half-Life series. The history of dystopian literature can be traced back to the reaction to the French Revolution of 1789 and the prospect that mob rule would produce dictatorship . Until the late 20th century, it

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4368-648: The Cannes Film Festival in May 2006 with a length of 160 minutes. Kelly describes the negative reaction at Cannes as a "very painful experience on a lot of levels" but ultimately felt that the film "was better off because of it". After the film's festival release, Southland Tales was purchased by Sony Pictures (via their label Destination Films ) and Samuel Goldwyn Films , originally Sony Pictures Classics , Screen Gems and TriStar Pictures were up for US distribution rights. Universal Studios had originally optioned

4472-607: The Tell Us the Truth tour, a political-themed concert series featuring Steve Earle , Billy Bragg , Tom Morello , and others. Throughout the year, Garofalo also actively campaigned for Howard Dean . While on Fox News' program The Pulse , O'Reilly asked Garofalo what she would do if her predictions that the Iraq war would be a disaster were to turn out wrong. Garofalo stated: I would be so willing to say, 'I'm sorry'. I hope to God that I can be made

4576-403: The "Unwanteds" series by Lisa McMann, a paradox occurs where the outcasts from a complete dystopia are treated to absolute utopia. They believe that those who were privileged in said dystopia were the unlucky ones. In another literary model, the imagined society journeys between elements of utopia and dystopia over the course of the novel or film. At the beginning of The Giver by Lois Lowry ,

4680-524: The "sinking feeling that this may be one of the worst films ever presented in [Cannes] competition." A handful of the American and European critics, however, were more positive. The Village Voice critic J. Hoberman , for example, called Southland Tales "a visionary film about the end of times" comparable in recent American film only to David Lynch 's Mulholland Drive . 41% of 106 reviews compiled by review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes are positive, and

4784-470: The 1970s, reflecting the widespread concern with the effects of overpopulation on the environment. The novel Nature's End by Whitley Strieber and James Kunetka (1986) posits a future in which overpopulation, pollution, climate change, and resulting superstorms, have led to a popular mass-suicide political movement. Some other examples of ecological dystopias are depictions of Earth in the films Wall-E and Avatar . While eco-dystopias are more common,

4888-530: The 19th century, providing a critique of the British class structure at the time. Post World War II , even more dystopian fiction was produced. These works of fiction were interwoven with political commentary: the end of World War II brought about fears of an impending Third World War and a consequent apocalypse. Modern dystopian fiction draws not only on topics such as totalitarian governments and anarchism, but also pollution, global warming, climate change, health,

4992-466: The 2003 ABC show Slice O'Life about a reporter consigned to sappy human interest stories appearing at the end of news broadcasts, and the 2005 NBC program All In , based on the life of poker star Annie Duke , were not picked up by their respective networks. Throughout the 2005–06 television season, Garofalo appeared on The West Wing as Louise Thornton , a campaign adviser to the fictional Democratic presidential nominee. In 2006, she provided

5096-512: The Cannes screening as "The most disastrous since, yes, The Brown Bunny ." Salon.com critic Andrew O'Hehir called the Cannes cut "about the biggest, ugliest mess I've ever seen." Jason Solomons , in The Observer (UK), said that " Southland Tales was so bad it made me wonder if [Kelly] had ever met a human being" and that ten minutes of the "sprawling, plotless, post-apocalyptic farrago" gave him

5200-515: The Edge of Time keeps human biology, but removes pregnancy and childbirth from the gender equation by resorting to assisted reproductive technology while allowing both women and men the nurturing experience of breastfeeding . Utopic single-gender worlds or single-sex societies have long been one of the primary ways to explore implications of gender and gender-differences. One solution to gender oppression or social issues in feminist utopian fiction

5304-441: The Edge of Time . In Starhawk 's The Fifth Sacred Thing there is no time-travelling observer. However, her ideal society is invaded by a neighbouring power embodying evil repression. In Aldous Huxley 's Island , in many ways a counterpoint to his better-known Brave New World , the fusion of the best parts of Buddhist philosophy and Western technology is threatened by the "invasion" of oil companies. As another example, in

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5408-652: The English language were published prior to the year 1900, with more than a thousand others appearing during the 20th century. This increase is partially associated with the rise in popularity of science fiction and young adult fiction more generally, but also larger scale social change that brought awareness of larger societal or global issues , such as technology, climate change, and growing human population. Some of these trends have created distinct subgenres such as ecotopian fiction, climate fiction , young adult dystopian novels, and feminist dystopian novels. The word utopia

5512-411: The U.S. rights, but after the Cannes screening, it was sold to Sony, although Universal still retained studio credit only and some international distribution rights. Kelly sought more financing to finish visual effects for the film, and he negotiated a deal with Sony to cut down on the film's length in exchange for funds to complete the visual effects. Kelly edited the film down to the basic storylines of

5616-456: The album. The reason for the exclusion of some of these tracks, like the song by The Killers was as a result of a dispute with the record label. The track "Memory Gospel" was used from time to time by the CBC Radio One program Q in the background of an opening monologue given by host Jian Ghomeshi . Southland Tales was initially planned to be a nine-part "interactive experience", with

5720-493: The average rating is 4.9 out of 10. The site's consensus states: " Southland Tales , while offering an intriguing vision of the future, remains frustratingly incoherent and unpolished." On Metacritic , the film has a score of 44 out of 100, based on 26 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Glenn Kenny , in his review for Premiere criticized the film's style, "Kelly's camera placement and framing are at best textbook and at worst calamitously mediocre." In her review for

5824-456: The cast of 24 , where she starred as Janis Gold . In 2010, Garofalo joined the cast of Ideal as Tilly. She was a cast member of the Criminal Minds short-lived spinoff TV series Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior in 2011. In 2014, she portrayed Lyla, an entertainment lawyer, in seven episodes of the TV series Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce . In 2015, she starred alongside most of

5928-429: The characters portrayed by Scott, Gellar, and Johnson. The director also sought to keep the musical number performed by Timberlake, based on " All These Things That I've Done " by The Killers which he felt was the heart and soul of the film. Editorial changes were made to restructure the order of the film's scenes, including re-recording all of Timberlake's voice-over. The director also added 90 new visual effects shots to

6032-410: The debate. Her appearances on cable news prior to the war garnered her praise from the left and spots on the cover of Ms. and Venus Zine . Garofalo has had frequent on-air political disputes with Bill O'Reilly , Brian Kilmeade , and Jonah Goldberg . Prior to the 2003 Iraq War, she took a position on the alleged threat posed by Saddam Hussein . For example, in an interview with Tony Snow on

6136-497: The development of a technological or mystical method that allows female parthenogenetic reproduction . The resulting society is often shown to be utopian by feminist writers. Many influential feminist utopias of this sort were written in the 1970s; the most often studied examples include Joanna Russ's The Female Man and Suzy McKee Charnas 's The Holdfast Chronicles . Such worlds have been portrayed most often by lesbian or feminist authors; their use of female-only worlds allows

6240-682: The documentary Left of the Dial , which includes a debate between Garofalo and her conservative father Carmine, who was initially a regular guest on The Majority Report . Garofalo commented on her show of April 28, 2006, supporting the Scientology -linked New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project , a controversial treatment for workers suffering ailments from 9/11 clean-up efforts in New York City. Garofalo struggled with alcoholism, giving up drinking in 2001. Garofalo married Robert Cohen , then

6344-487: The early 1990s, appearing at Un-Cabaret and other venues and co-created the "Eating It" alternative stand-up comedy show, which ran at Luna Lounge on the Lower East Side of New York City between 1995 and 2005, frequently hosting the show and appearing as a performer. She appeared on HBO's Comedy Half-Hour and Comedy Hour specials in 1995 and 1997, respectively, among similar subsequent appearances, including

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6448-541: The economy and technology. Modern dystopian themes are common in the young adult (YA) genre of literature. Many works combine elements of both utopias and dystopias. Typically, an observer from our world will journey to another place or time and see one society the author considers ideal and another representing the worst possible outcome. Usually, the point is that our choices may lead to a better or worse potential future world. Ursula K. Le Guin 's Always Coming Home fulfills this model, as does Marge Piercy 's Woman on

6552-718: The exploration of female independence and freedom from patriarchy . The societies may not necessarily be lesbian, or sexual at all — Herland (1915) by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a famous early example of a sexless society. Charlene Ball writes in Women's Studies Encyclopedia that use of speculative fiction to explore gender roles has been more common in the United States than in Europe and elsewhere. Utopias imagined by male authors have generally included equality between sexes rather than separation. Étienne Cabet 's work Travels in Icaria caused

6656-520: The fact they didn't send me my puppet, that bothered me even more." In 2005, she played the ex-wife of a man coping with the reverberations of a divorce in Duane Hopwood . In 2006, she performed Bridget the giraffe's voice in the animated Disney feature film The Wild . In 2007, she provided the voice of Colette Tatou, a chef in the Pixar / Disney feature film Ratatouille , in which Garofalo affected

6760-488: The fate of the future, in the form of a prophetic screenplay foretelling the end of the world, in his hands. Amy Poehler and Wood Harris appear as Neo-Marxist activists. Zelda Rubinstein and Beth Grant portray Dr. Katarina Kuntzler and Dr. Inga Von Westphalen, respectively, both being members of the baron's entourage. Janeane Garofalo appears as General Teena MacArthur. Cheri Oteri plays Zora Carmichaels, while Jon Lovitz plays violent police officer Bart Bookman who

6864-561: The film Mystery Men , about an underdog group of super heroes. In 2000, she portrayed Abbie Hoffman 's wife Anita Hoffman opposite Vincent D'Onofrio as Hoffman in Steal This Movie! , involving the couple's political activism during the Vietnam War era. Later that same year, she received second billing under Jerry Stiller in a comedic film about a low-budget movie producer entitled The Independent . The following year, Garofalo

6968-416: The film and found it very difficult as it pushed him "to the edge of my own sanity", as he remarked in an interview. They have been collected together into one single volume: The titles of the parts in the film are: Following its May 21, 2006 premiere at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival , where it was poorly received, the final version of the film premiered at Fantastic Fest on September 22, 2007. The film

7072-695: The film and removed 20 to 25 minutes of footage from his initial cut. Southland Tales: Music from the Motion Picture is the original soundtrack of Richard Kelly's 2007 film Southland Tales . The soundtrack for Southland Tales was released in stores and online on November 6, 2007. Amongst the songs not available on the soundtrack but featured in the film are Muse 's " Blackout ", The Killers ' " All These Things That I've Done ", and Blur 's " Tender ". Additionally, tracks from Radiohead , Louis Armstrong , Beethoven , Kris Kristofferson , and several tracks from Moby 's Hotel:Ambient are likewise absent from

7176-518: The film's premise of a nuclear attack on Texas, Kelly wanted to take a look at how the United States would respond and survive while constructing a "great black comedy ." Kelly's breakthrough film, Donnie Darko , was released in the United States on October 26, 2001, the same day the PATRIOT Act was signed. Two months before Southland Tales was released, he announced the launch of Darko Entertainment . Kelly said: "[ Southland Tales ] will only be

7280-648: The film's score. Kelly met with Rick Moranis about playing Vaughn Smallhouse. Kelly consciously sought out actors that he felt had been pigeonholed and wanted to showcase their "undiscovered talents." Filming was slated to begin in July 2004, but after a year, it had not begun. Dwayne Johnson joined the cast in April 2005, and principal photography was slated to begin August 1, 2005 in Los Angeles . Filming began on August 15, 2005, with

7384-504: The film, yet again, in his review for the theatrical cut. "In its willful, self-involved eccentricity, Southland Tales is really something else. Kelly's movie may not be entirely coherent, but that's because there's so much it wants to say." Manohla Dargis also gave the film a positive review in The New York Times , writing, "He doesn't make it easy to love his new film, which turns and twists and at times threatens to disappear down

7488-482: The final episode of Mad About You ; Jerry Seinfeld 's female counterpart (and, briefly, fiancée) Jeannie Steinman on Seinfeld ; a recurring correspondent on Michael Moore 's TV Nation , and a former girlfriend of Dave Foley 's character on NewsRadio . She provided the voice for the weekly conversations between the series lead and an older friend (Garofalo) in Felicity . Two television pilots starring Garofalo,

7592-446: The first six parts published in six 100-page graphic novels that would be released in a six-month period up to the film's release. The feature film comprises the final three parts of the experience. A website was also developed to intertwine with the graphic novels and the film itself. The idea of six graphic novels was later cut down to three. The novels were written by Kelly and illustrated by Brett Weldele. Kelly wrote them while making

7696-566: The future instead of just the fact that it was a new, up and coming genre of literature. During the Cold War , however, utopian science fiction became exceptionally prominent among Soviet leaders. Many citizens of the Soviet Russia became dependent on this type of literature because it represented an escape from the real world which was not ideal at the time. Utopian science fiction allowed them to fantasize about how satisfactory it would be to live in

7800-408: The genre of dystopian fiction, both in [the] vividness of their engagement with real-world social and political issues and in the scope of their critique of the societies on which they focus." Another important figure in dystopian literature is H.G. Wells , whose work The Time Machine (1895) is also widely seen as a prototype of dystopian literature. Wells' work draws on the social structure of

7904-500: The inhabitants of Erewhon see as natural and right, i.e., utopian (as mocked in Voltaire 's Candide ). Dystopias usually extrapolate elements of contemporary society, and thus can be read as political warnings. Eschatological literature may portray dystopias. The 1921 novel We by Yevgeny Zamyatin portrays a post-apocalyptic future in which society is entirely based on logic and modeled after mechanical systems. George Orwell

8008-555: The misunderstood child or the banished child." Southland Tales grossed $ 275,380 in limited release at the North American box office and $ 99,363 in Turkey and United Kingdom for a worldwide total of $ 374,743, against a production budget of $ 17 million. In January 2021, Richard Kelly announced that developments are underway to expand the film into a franchise with intention being that the original cast return. The filmmaker explained that

8112-470: The narrator of Utopia' s second book, Raphael Hythloday. The Greek root of the name "Hythloday" suggests an 'expert in nonsense'. An earlier example of a Utopian work from classical antiquity is Plato 's Republic , in which he outlines what he sees as the ideal society and its political system . Later, Tommaso Campanella was influenced by Plato's work and wrote The City of the Sun (1623), which describes

8216-519: The original cast in the Netflix eight-episode prequel to the 2001 comedy film Wet Hot American Summer . In 2017, Garofalo starred in E4 's comedy-drama series Gap Year . Garofalo co-wrote a comedic New York Times bestseller with Ben Stiller in 1999, titled Feel This Book: An Essential Guide to Self-Empowerment, Spiritual Supremacy, and Sexual Satisfaction , a spoof of the self-help books prevalent at

8320-425: The original film is chapters 4-6, while a prequel project will explore chapters 1-3 with intentions being to do so through an animation medium, while additional projects can explore events that take place in 2024. He stated that discussions are ongoing as to whether the projects should be released as films or in a long-form format through a streaming service . Dystopian fiction More than 400 utopian works in

8424-536: The original theatrical cut and the Cannes cut. Along with two other American filmmakers ( Sofia Coppola 's Marie Antoinette and Richard Linklater 's Fast Food Nation ), Kelly's follow-up to Donnie Darko was in competition for the coveted Palme d'Or at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival and was screened on May 21 at the Grand Lumiere Theater. Many critics responded unfavorably to the film's long running time and sprawling nature. Roger Ebert described

8528-465: The present by time or space), b. offers a comprehensive critique of present values/conditions, c. sees men or male institutions as a major cause of present social ills, d. presents women as not only at least the equals of men but also as the sole arbiters of their reproductive functions ." Utopias have explored the ramification of gender being either a societal construct or a hard-wired imperative. In Mary Gentle 's Golden Witchbreed , gender

8632-490: The rabbit hole of his obsessions. Happily, it never does, which allows you to share in his unabashed joy in filmmaking as well as in his fury about the times." The film remains enigmatic to many viewers and even some of its makers. In a 2011 interview, Justin Timberlake himself said, "To me, Southland Tales is performance art. I still don't know what that movie is about." In 2013, Kelly said he considered this work as "the thing that I'm most proud of, and I feel like it's sort of

8736-399: The real world. Dystopian literature serves to "provide fresh perspectives on problematic social and political practices that might otherwise be taken for granted or considered natural and inevitable". Some dystopias claim to be utopias . Samuel Butler 's Erewhon can be seen as a dystopia because of the way sick people are punished as criminals while thieves are "cured" in hospitals, which

8840-497: The recent fuel shortage in the wake of global warfare, the German company Treer designs a generator of inexhaustible energy, which is propelled by the perpetual motion of ocean currents, called "Fluid Karma". However, its inventor, Baron von Westphalen, and his associates are hiding the fact that the generators alter the ocean's currents and cause the Earth to slow its rotation, as well as that

8944-463: The show. She said that many of the sketches were "juvenile and homophobic". According to New York Magazine , Garofalo was "largely stuck in dull, secondary wife and girlfriend roles", and quoted her friends as saying that she considered the stint "the most miserable experience of [her] life." Following SNL , Garofalo appeared in a plethora of guest star roles: the grown-up daughter of the Buchmans on

9048-513: The success of that film, a producer offered Garofalo the part of Dorothy Boyd in Jerry Maguire with Tom Cruise if she could lose weight. After trimming down, however, she learned that Renée Zellweger had received the part. She turned down the role of television reporter Gale Weathers in Wes Craven 's Scream because she thought the film would be too violent: "I said I didn't want to be in

9152-423: The time. She wrote her HBO Comedy Half-Hour along with similar appearances and programs, co-wrote some sketches on The Ben Stiller Show and an episode of the television series Head Case , and wrote and directed a 2001 comedy short, Housekeeping . Garofalo has been open and outspoken regarding her liberal political views. She is a feminist . In an interview for Geek Monthly magazine, she stated that she

9256-449: The transmission of Fluid Karma to portable receivers (via quantum entanglement ) is ripping holes in the fabric of space and time . In near-future 2008, Los Angeles (referred to as "The Southland" by locals) is a dystopian city on the brink of chaos overshadowed by the growth of an underground neo-Marxist organization. The film follows the criss-crossed destinies of Boxer Santaros, an action film actor stricken with amnesia, Krysta Now,

9360-616: The utopian genre's meaning and purpose is described in Fredric Jameson 's Archeologies of the Future (2005) , which addresses many utopian varieties defined by their program or impulse. A dystopia is a society characterized by a focus on that which is contrary to the author's ethos , such as mass poverty, public mistrust and suspicion, a police state or oppression. Most authors of dystopian fiction explore at least one reason why things are that way, often as an analogy for similar issues in

9464-464: The voice for the animated character "Bearded Clam" on Comedy Central's Freak Show . In 2007, she wrote a dedication for the mini-book included in the six-DVD box-set of the 1994 cult series My So-Called Life . Garofalo had segments titled "the disquisition" in several episodes of the 2007 season of The Henry Rollins Show which took place in her apartment, much in the same way Rollins ' segments take place at his house. In 2009, Garofalo joined

9568-458: The world is described as a utopia. However, as the book progresses, the world's dystopian aspects are revealed. Jonathan Swift 's Gulliver's Travels is also sometimes linked with both utopian and dystopian literatures, because it shares the general preoccupation with ideas of good and bad societies. Of the countries Lemuel Gulliver visits, Brobdingnag and Country of the Houyhnhnms approach

9672-520: The year before she appeared on national television, was a brief comical appearance as a counter worker in a burger joint in Late for Dinner in 1991. Her breakthrough role came in Reality Bites (1994) as Winona Ryder 's character's Gap -managing best friend Vickie. Her further television work and supporting roles in feature films included Bye Bye Love and Now and Then , and a leading role in I Shot

9776-770: Was top-billed in Wet Hot American Summer , the 2001 cult comedy about an American summer camp, and starred in The Search for John Gissing . In 2002, she played Catherine Connolly in The Laramie Project and in 2003, she starred in Manhood and Ash Tuesday , and appeared in the crime film Wonderland . She played a supporting role in Jiminy Glick in Lalawood in 2004. A puppet version of Garofalo appeared (and

9880-475: Was a frequent guest at the San Francisco Comedy Condo . Garofalo's comedy shows involve her and her notebook, which is filled with years' worth of article clippings and random observations she references for direct quotes during her act. Garofalo has said that she does not tell jokes as much as make observations designed to get laughs. She was part of the alternative comedy scene in Los Angeles in

9984-561: Was criticized by conservative sites such as Newsbusters for saying that then-current Republican National Committee chairman Michael Steele suffered from Stockholm Syndrome and that "any female or person of color in the Republican party is struggling with Stockholm Syndrome". She once again received attention and right-wing criticism in August 2011 after saying on Current TV 's former program Countdown with Keith Olbermann that she speculated that 2012 presidential candidate Herman Cain

10088-500: Was first used in direct context by Thomas More in his 1516 work Utopia . The word utopia resembles both the Greek words outopos ("no place"), and eutopos ("good place"). More's book, written in Latin , sets out a vision of an ideal society . As the title suggests, the work presents an ambiguous and ironic projection of the ideal state. The whimsical nature of the text can be confirmed by

10192-417: Was graphically killed off) in the 2004 movie Team America: World Police ; while Garofalo was irritated by the parody, she was more upset by the filmmakers' lack of correspondence. "I ran into them in the street, Trey and the other guy , and I said to them, 'The least you could do is send me a puppet.' And they said OK, took my address down ... and never sent me a puppet! So while Team America bothered me,

10296-487: Was influenced by We when he wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four (published in 1949), a novel about Oceania , a state at perpetual war, its population controlled through propaganda . Big Brother and the daily Two Minutes Hate set the tone for an all-pervasive self-censorship. Aldous Huxley 's 1932 novel Brave New World started as a parody of utopian fiction, and projected into the year 2540 industrial and social changes he perceived in 1931, leading to industrial success by

10400-613: Was not included on the R2 and R4 editions). On March 25, 2009, the R2 DVD was released in France. On September 8, 2008, it was announced that it would be one of the five films being released on Blu-ray on November 18, 2008. The only new special feature announced was an audio commentary by Kelly. On October 26, 2020, Arrow Video announced a Remastered version approved by Richard Kelly would be released on Blu-ray on January 26, 2021. This release includes both

10504-692: Was originally scheduled to be released in the United States on November 9, 2007, in partnership with Destination Films and Samuel Goldwyn Films , but in eventually opened in limited release in California on November 14, 2007. It opened in Canada , as well as nationwide in the United States, in just 63 theaters, on November 16, 2007. The film was released in the UK on December 7, 2007, exclusively to UK cinema chain Cineworld in

10608-479: Was possibly getting paid to run for president to deflect from racism in the Republican Party , conservative movement , and Tea Party . She was criticized by Cain, who denied her criticisms and called them "pathetic and hilarious". In late March 2004, Garofalo became a co-host for Air America Radio 's new show The Majority Report , alongside Sam Seder . The early days of Air America Radio are chronicled in

10712-476: Was raised in a conservative family. She has appeared with political figures such as Ralph Nader (whom she supported in the 2000 election , but opposed in 2004 ) and Jello Biafra at various events. In 2007, Garofalo described herself as an atheist , and participated in a radio interview by Freethought Radio, a show by the Freedom From Religion Foundation . She became more prominent as

10816-494: Was usually anti-collectivist. Dystopian fiction emerged as a response to the utopian. Its early history is traced in Gregory Claeys' Dystopia: A Natural History (Oxford University Press, 2017). The beginning of technological dystopian fiction can be traced back to E. M. Forster 's (1879–1970) " The Machine Stops ." M Keith Booker states that "The Machine Stops," We and Brave New World are "the great defining texts of

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