96-614: The A1018 is a road in North East England . It runs between South Shields , at the mouth of the River Tyne , and the A19 near Seaham , County Durham . Most of the route it follows is the old alignment of the A19 , before it by-passed Sunderland to meet the Tyne Tunnel . The road begins in the centre of South Shields, at the local town hall , with A183 and A194 , as Westoe Road. At
192-463: A municipal borough and in 1889 it was made a county borough , independent from Durham County Council . In 1870, the Old Town Hall was built, designed by John Johnstone who also designed the previously built Newcastle Town Hall . The ornamental clock in front of the old town hall was presented to Gateshead in 1892 by the mayor, Walter de Lancey Willson, on the occasion of him being elected for
288-666: A temperate climate which is considerably warmer than some other locations at similar latitudes as a result of the warming influence of the Gulf Stream (via the North Atlantic drift ). It is located in the rain shadow of the North Pennines and is therefore in one of the driest regions of the United Kingdom . One of the most distinguishing features of Gateshead is its topography . The land rises 230 feet from Gateshead Quays to
384-524: A Gateshead Quays cultural quarter. The development includes the Gateshead Millennium Bridge , erected in 2001, which won the prestigious Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2002. The brutalist Trinity Centre Car Park , which was designed by Owen Luder , dominated the town centre for many years until its demolition in 2010. A product of attempts to regenerate the area in the 1960s, the car park gained an iconic status due to its appearance in
480-598: A business growth fund to help small and medium-sized businesses (SMES). Businesses investing in the region are supported by the Local Enterprise Partnerships of Tees Valley (part of the TVCA ) and the North East. Both these organisations manage enterprise zones (Invest North East England and Tees Valley Business) to encourage new business investors. There are also several Industry and Business led Cluster bodies in
576-525: A converted flour mill. The Glasshouse International Centre for Music , previously The Sage, a Norman Foster -designed venue for music and the performing arts opened on 17 December 2004. Gateshead also hosted the Gateshead Garden Festival in 1990, rejuvenating 200 acres (0.81 km ) of derelict land (now mostly replaced with housing). The Angel of the North , a famous sculpture in nearby Lamesley ,
672-623: A legal record, dated 1430. Throughout the Industrial Revolution the population of Gateshead expanded rapidly; between 1801 and 1901 the increase was over 100,000. This expansion resulted in the spread southwards of the town. In 1854, a catastrophic explosion on the quayside destroyed most of Gateshead's medieval heritage, and caused widespread damage on the Newcastle side of the river. Sir Joseph Swan lived at Underhill, Low Fell, Gateshead from 1869 to 1883, where his experiments led to
768-619: A result of abundant minerals such as salt and coal, the chemical industry of the Northeast England is today spread across the whole of the region, with pharmaceuticals being primarily produced in the north of the region, speciality and fine chemicals spread across the middle of the region and commodity chemicals and petrochemicals on Teesside. These companies are members of the Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster (NEPIC). The early chemical industry in this region, however,
864-417: A small group of Newcastle merchants acquired the 'Grand Lease' of the manors of Gateshead and Whickham . In the hundred years from 1574 coal shipments from Newcastle increased elevenfold while the population of Gateshead doubled to approximately 5,500. However, the lease and the abundant coal supplies ended in 1680. The pits were shallow as problems of ventilation and flooding defeated attempts to mine coal from
960-548: A strong religious past, as can be seen in works such as the Lindisfarne Gospels and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle . The works of Cuthbert (634–687 AD), Bede (673–735 AD) and Hilda of Whitby (614–680 AD) were hugely influential in the early church, and are still venerated by some today. These saints are usually associated with the monasteries on the island of Lindisfarne , Wearmouth-Jarrow , and
1056-518: A third time. He was also one of the founders of Walter Willson's, a chain of grocers in the North East and Cumbria. The old town hall also served as a magistrate's court and one of Gateshead's police stations. In 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972 , the County Borough of Gateshead was merged with the urban districts of Felling , Whickham , Blaydon and Ryton and part of
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#17330855639221152-430: A town", adding that it appeared to have been designed "by an enemy of the human race". William Wailes the celebrated stained-glass maker, lived at South Dene from 1853 to 1860. In 1860, he designed Saltwell Towers as a fairy-tale palace for himself. It is an imposing Victorian mansion in its own park with a romantic skyline of turrets and battlements. It was originally furnished sumptuously by Gerrard Robinson. Some of
1248-477: A unified marketing brand name, NewcastleGateshead , to better promote the whole of the Tyneside conurbation. Climate in this area has small differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round to meet the criterion for Oceanic climate, at least 30 mm per month. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb " (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ). The town
1344-1012: Is a cricket club and a rugby club adjacent to each other on Eastwood Gardens. These are Gateshead Fell Cricket Club and Gateshead Rugby Club. Gateshead Rugby Club was formed in 1998 following the merger of Gateshead Fell Rugby Club and North Durham Rugby Club. Gateshead is served by the following rail transport stations with some being operated by National Rail and some being Tyne & Wear Metro stations: Dunston , Felling , Gateshead Interchange , Gateshead Stadium , Heworth Interchange , MetroCentre and Pelaw . Tyne & Wear Metro stations at Gateshead Interchange and Gateshead Stadium provide direct light-rail access to Newcastle Central , Newcastle Airport , Sunderland , Tynemouth and South Shields Interchange . National Rail services are provided by Northern at Dunston and MetroCentre stations. The East Coast Main Line , which runs from London Kings Cross to Edinburgh Waverley , cuts directly through
1440-677: Is a town in the Gateshead Metropolitan Borough of Tyne and Wear , England. It is on the River Tyne 's southern bank. The town's attractions include the twenty metre tall Angel of the North sculpture on the town's southern outskirts, The Glasshouse International Centre for Music and the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art . The town shares the Millennium Bridge , Tyne Bridge and multiple other bridges with Newcastle upon Tyne . Historically part of County Durham , under
1536-568: Is also the English stronghold of black grouse and contains 80–90% of the UK population of yellow marsh saxifrage . The Magnesian Limestone grasslands of East Durham are a unique habitat not found anywhere else in the world which is particularly important to many species of butterfly and moths. The Northeast of England also features woodland such as Kielder Forest , the largest man-made forest in Europe. This
1632-499: Is an organisation created in the region to share knowledge and best practice between membership based business support organisations in the Northeast of England. The Forum creates a single voice for business when this is needed. This business led forum also links its member organisations to wider business issues, both locally and nationally, through the local and national business membership organisations that are also represented. Members of
1728-574: Is located within Northumberland National Park and contains an important habitat for the endangered red squirrel . The North East has the smallest population of all English regions. The North East with Scotland , the South West of England, Wales and Northern Ireland are the British regions to have seen the least immigration in over 50 years. The Northeast of England as a region has
1824-409: Is often low by English standards, in spite of the low levels of sunshine, with Stockton-on-Tees averaging only 574.2 millimetres (22.61 in) annually, and with the seaside town of Tynemouth (despite its slightly sunnier climate) recording 597.2 millimetres (23.51 in) annually. The summers on the northern coastlines are significantly cooler than in the southern and central inland areas: Tynemouth
1920-502: Is only just above 18 °C (64 °F) in July. Further inland, frosts during winter are more common, due to the higher elevations and distance from the sea. The region has a diverse landscape that includes maritime cliffs and extensive moorland that contains a number of rare species of flora and fauna . Of particular importance are the saltmarshes of Lindisfarne , the Tees Estuary ,
2016-546: Is the UK region with lowest cost of living per household. The 2023 data shows that for the first time since 2010 renting is now 11.3% cheaper than owning a mortgaged property in the North East. Businesses in Northeast England are supported by the North East Chamber of Commerce. The North East Chamber of Commerce (NECC) is based in Durham and has active sub committees working in all sub regions. To further encourage SMEs in
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#17330855639222112-679: Is visible from the A1 to the south of Gateshead, as well as from the East Coast Main Line . Other public art include works by Richard Deacon , Colin Rose, Sally Matthews , Andy Goldsworthy , Gordon Young and Michael Winstone . The earliest recorded coal mining in the Gateshead area is dated to 1344. As trade on the Tyne prospered there were several attempts by the burghers of Newcastle to annex Gateshead. In 1576
2208-667: Is within the wider Tyne & Wear Green Belt, with its portion in much of its surrounding rural area of the borough. It is a part of the local development plan which is in conjunction with Newcastle city borough, and was created in the 1960s. Its stated aims are to: In the Gateshead borough boundary, as well as the aforementioned areas, it also surrounds the communities of Chopwell , Crawcrook , Greenside , High Spen , Kibblesworth , Lockhaugh, Rowlands Gill , Ryton , Sunniside , as well several small hamlets. Landscape features and facilities such as woods and nature reserves, local golf courses, Burdon Moor and Whinell Hill are also within
2304-537: The 2009 European election , Labour got 25% of the region's vote, the Conservatives 20%, the Liberal Democrats 18%, and UK Independence Party 15%. However, in recent years, the North East has seen a significant swing away from Labour. In the 2019 election, many constituencies were targeted by the Conservatives and their representation increased to 10 MPs. The region wide vote shares were 43% for Labour and 38% for
2400-510: The Football League in 1960 in favour of Peterborough United , whilst Gateshead Thunder lost their place in Super League as a result of a takeover (officially termed a merger) by Hull F.C. Both Gateshead clubs continue to ply their trade at lower levels in their respective sports, thanks mainly to the efforts of their supporters. The Gateshead Senators American Football team also use
2496-582: The Local Government Act 1888 the town was made a county borough , meaning it was administered independently of the county council . In the 2021 Census , the town had a population of 196,151. Gateshead is first mentioned in Latin translation in Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People as ad caput caprae ("at the goat's head"). This interpretation is consistent with the later English attestations of
2592-638: The North Atlantic Current of the Gulf Stream . The Met Office operates several weather stations in the region and are able to show the regional variations in temperature and its relation to the distance from the North Sea . The warmest summers in the region are found in Stockton-on-Tees and the Middlesbrough area, with a 1981–2010 July average high of 20.4 °C (68.7 °F). Precipitation
2688-675: The Roman-British fort of Gabrosentum . There has been a settlement on the Gateshead side of the River Tyne, around the old river crossing where the Swing Bridge now stands, since Roman times. The first recorded mention of Gateshead is in the writings of the Venerable Bede who referred to an Abbot of Gateshead called Utta in 623. In 1068 William the Conqueror defeated the forces of Edgar
2784-638: The Southern Radial Route . It bypasses Ryhope to meet Stockton Road at the Wellfield Roundabout. The Southern Radial Route provides a fast and direct route from the south of Ryhope Village towards Sunderland City Centre. The former route of the A1018, Ryhope Road, was renumbered to the B1522 and will be converted to a No Car Lane between Grangetown and Park Lane Interchange . On Ryhope Road, two of
2880-623: The Tees Valley Combined Authority in 2016. The region is generally hilly and sparsely populated in the North and West, and urban and arable in the East and South. The highest point in the region is The Cheviot , in the Cheviot Hills , at 815 metres (2,674 ft). The region contains the urban centres of Tyneside , Wearside , and Teesside and is noted for the rich natural beauty of its coastline, Northumberland National Park , and
2976-689: The York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway . In 1854 the works moved to the Greenesfield site and became the manufacturing headquarters of North Eastern Railway . In 1909, locomotive construction was moved to Darlington and the rest of the works were closed in 1932. Robert Stirling Newall took out a patent on the manufacture of wire ropes in 1840 and in partnership with Messrs. Liddell and Gordon, set up his headquarters at Gateshead. A worldwide industry of wire-drawing resulted. The submarine telegraph cable received its definitive form through Newall's initiative, involving
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3072-685: The heaths , bogs and traditional upland hay meadows of the North Pennines, and the Arctic-alpine flora of Upper Teesdale. The beauty of the Northumbrian coastline has led to its designation as an area of outstanding natural beauty (AONB) stretching 100 miles from Berwick-Upon-Tweed to the River Coquet estuary. Among the 290 bird species identified on the Farne Islands , is the rare seabird
3168-511: The roseate tern . One of the foremost bird sanctuaries and observatory for migratory and wading birds in the UK is now operated at "Saltholme" which is part of a wider site of special scientific interest called Seal Sands . The Saltholme reserve is managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). This project was pronounced as one of the best places to view birds by Bill Oddie ,
3264-452: The rural district of Chester-le-Street to create the much larger Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead . The town of Gateshead is in the North East of England in the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear , and within the historic boundaries of County Durham . It is located on the southern bank of the River Tyne at a latitude of 54.57° N and a longitude of 1.35° W. Gateshead experiences
3360-556: The 1580s, but by the 16th century the industry had been eclipsed by South Shields on the Tyne. In 1894 the industry returned to Greatham with the establishment of the Greatham Salt and Brine Company by George Weddell. The works was later purchased by the famous salt-making company Cerebos in 1903. By the mid-20th century, Cerebos was owned by the food conglomerate Rank Hovis McDougall , and the factory closed in 2002. Gateshead Gateshead ( / ˈ ɡ eɪ t s ( h ) ɛ d / )
3456-539: The 1920s and 1930s created even more joblessness and the Team Valley Trading Estate was built in the mid-1930s to alleviate the situation. In the late noughties , Gateshead Council started to regenerate the town, with the long-term aim of making Gateshead a city. The most extensive transformation occurred in the Quayside , with almost all the structures there being constructed or refurbished in this time. In
3552-450: The 1971 film Get Carter , starring Michael Caine . An unsuccessful campaign to have the structure listed was backed by Sylvester Stallone , who played the main role in the 2000 remake of the film. The car park was scheduled for demolition in 2009, but this was delayed as a result of a disagreement between Tesco , who re-developed the site, and Gateshead Council . The council had not been given firm assurances that Tesco would build
3648-1048: The 2007 Indices of Deprivation (these indices have been updated in 2010 ). It takes many years for areas to become deprived, suggesting that the underlying causes of area-based deprivation are long-term such as: Industrial restructuring has disproportionately affected some communities and groups. In particular: The region's most deprived council districts, as measured by the LSOA data before County Durham and Northumberland became unitary authorities in 2007, are in descending order Easington (7th in England), Middlesbrough (9th), Hartlepool (23rd), Wear Valley (33rd), Sunderland (35th), Newcastle upon Tyne (37th), South Tyneside (38th), Wansbeck (46th), Redcar and Cleveland (50th), Gateshead (52nd), Sedgefield (54th), Derwentside (73rd), Blyth Valley (80th), and Stockton on Tees (98th). The least deprived council districts in 2007 were, in descending order, Tynedale, Castle Morpeth , Teesdale , then Alnwick . Since
3744-494: The 21st century was in the late 1990s as a result of the government's dispersal policy scheme that relocated asylum seekers and new arrivals throughout the country. In 2017, most migrants were non-EU born, and about 60,000 EU-born. North East England, together with Tweeddale, was the ancient British tribal kingdom of Bernicia (Bryneich) and is notable for providing the stable ancestry of its present indigenous population, which has been identified by DNA analysis to be an offshoot of
3840-470: The Abbey at Whitby , though they are also associated with many other religious sites in the region. Bede is regarded as the greatest Anglo-Saxon scholar. He worked at the monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow, translating some forty books on all areas of knowledge, including nature, history, astronomy, poetry and theological matters such as the lives of the saints. His best known work is " The Ecclesiastical History of
3936-474: The April 2009 abolition of these four districts, Northumberland is the least deprived, followed by North Tyneside. Unemployment is a severe problem in the North East, where many children grow up in households where no adult works. in 2010 Easington had the highest rate in the country, as 40.3% of its households with children had no working adult, followed by Sedgefield with 34%. As of April 2013, youth unemployment in
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4032-858: The Boldons , Fulwell and Monkwearmouth towards the River Wear . Newcastle Road ends at a large roundabout. The road runs along Roker Avenue and then Church Street North. At this point, the A1018 merges with the A183 road and become Dame Dorothy Street which crosses the Wearmouth Bridge into the Sunderland city centre. On the south side of the Wear, the A1018 heads east toward Hendon as West Wear Street and then Sans Street, and then continues through Hendon via West Wear Street, Hendon Road and Commercial Road into Grangetown as
4128-586: The Conservatives, with the Brexit Party a distant third on 8%. In November 2004, a referendum on whether a directly elected regional assembly should be set up for North East England resulted in a decisive "no" vote. The number of people who voted against the plans was 696,519 (78%), while 197,310 (22%) voted in favour. John Prescott , the Deputy Prime Minister at the time, admitted that his plans for regional devolution had suffered an "emphatic defeat" to
4224-530: The English People ". One of the most famous pieces of art and literature created in the region is the Lindisfarne Gospels , thought to be the work of a monk named Eadfrith, who became Bishop of Lindisfarne in 698. This body of work is thought to have been created in honour of Cuthbert, around 710–720. In 793, the Vikings arrived on the shores of north-east England with a raiding party from Norway who attacked
4320-462: The Indies, as well as flax, wine, and grain. He sold tea, sugar, chocolate, and tobacco. He operated the largest coal mines in the area, and was a leading salt producer. As the government's principal agent in the North country, he was in contact with leading ministers. William Hawks , originally a blacksmith , started business in Gateshead in 1747, working with the iron brought to the Tyne as ballast by
4416-738: The Industrial Revolution alkali was mostly used to aid the bleaching process of cloth. As the Industrial Revolution took hold, increasing demand for alkali came from higher production of dyestuffs, and bleach. In 1798 John Losh and the Earl of Dundonald took out a lease for a rich supply of brine pumped from a nearby coal mine, the Walker pit, becoming the supplier of raw material for The Losh, Wilson & Bell Alkali works. The works were established at Walker-on-Tyne in 1807 and bleaching powder manufacture began there in 1830, Losh Brothers soon manufactured half
4512-840: The International Stadium, as well as this it was used in the 2006 Northern Conference champions in the British American Football League . Gateshead Leisure Centre is home to the Gateshead Phoenix Basketball Team. The team currently plays in EBL League Division 4. Home games are usually on a Sunday afternoon during the season, which runs from September to March. The team was formed in 2013 and ended their initial season well placed to progress after defeating local rivals Newcastle Eagles II and promotion chasing Kingston Panthers . In Low Fell there
4608-638: The North East of England to Export, the Northeast Process Industry Cluster (NEPIC) has collaborated with the North East Chamber of Commerce (NECC) and RTC North Limited to create a jointly owned subsidiary company Go Global Limited to manage the contract they have to deliver the United Kingdom Trade & Investment (UKTI), Government funded, support products and programme for all business sectors in their region. The UKTI business support products, to help grow international trade, are focused on supporting individual SMEs to grow their exports and they also support Trade Missions to new markets. The Northern Business Forum
4704-422: The North East was 24.8%, with 51,000 out of work. In 2013, the Office for National Statistics report issued the statements highlighted in the table below: In November 2017 the region's employment dropped to 5.5%, the joint highest unemployment rate in the UK. In the ONS International Territorial Levels (ITL), North East England is a level-1 ITL region, coded "UKC", which is subdivided as follows: In 2013,
4800-408: The Northeast, and if so, how deprived neighbourhoods can be better recognised. Secondly to present a summary of "what works" in tackling deprivation in each of these types of area. The report discusses the factors influencing deprivation and points out that it is a significant problem for the North East with 34% of the regions Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs) are amongst England's 20% most deprived in
4896-446: The Tyne colliers. Hawks and Co. eventually became one of the biggest iron businesses in the North , producing anchors, chains and so on to meet a growing demand. There was keen contemporary rivalry between 'Hawks' Blacks' and 'Crowley's Crew'. The famous 'Hawks' men' including Ned White, went on to be celebrated in Geordie song and story. In 1831 a locomotive works was established by the Newcastle and Darlington Railway, later part of
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#17330855639224992-447: The Tyne includes the Port of Tyne North Estate, Swan Hunter in North Tyneside, and Neptune Yard in Newcastle. The zone was launched in April 2012. In that year another cluster of sites, composing the Blyth Estuary Renewable Energy Zone at Port of Blyth , was added to the zone. The enterprise zone contains ten sites over the three clusters, covering 115 hectares (280 acres) in total. After more than 2,000 years of industrial activity as
5088-421: The change from raiding to settlement when it records that in 876 the Vikings "Shared out the land of the Northumbrians and they proceeded to plough and support themselves" The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria extended from the Scottish borders (then Pictish borders) at the Firth of Forth to the north, and to the south of York , its capital, down to the Humber. The last independent Northumbrian king from 947–8
5184-481: The conquest in 1080 by Robert Curthose , William the Conqueror's eldest son. The region has the following sub-divisions: Created in 1994, the region was defined as Northumberland , Tyne and Wear , County Durham and Cleveland . A 1996 local-government reform created ceremonial counties and unitary authorities, allowing districts to govern outside their designated counties. The reform also abolished Cleveland with it split between County Durham and North Yorkshire ,
5280-736: The current four lanes of road will be used for cars, and the other two for mixed traffic excluding cars. 54°55′17″N 1°23′10″W / 54.92152°N 1.38619°W / 54.92152; -1.38619 North East England North East England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of ITL for statistical purposes. It has three administrative levels below regional level: combined authorities , unitary authorities or metropolitan boroughs , and civil parishes . There are also multiple divisions without administrative functions; ceremonial counties , emergency services ( fire-and-rescue and police ), built-up areas and historic counties . The largest settlements in
5376-422: The deeper seams. William Cotesworth (1668-1726) was a prominent merchant based in Gateshead, where he was a leader in coal and international trade. Cotesworth began as the son of a yeoman and apprentice to a tallow - candler. He ended as an esquire, having been mayor, Justice of the Peace and sheriff of Northumberland. He collected tallow from all over England and sold it across the globe. He imported dyes from
5472-420: The demographics of Gateshead with the wider Metropolitan borough. The town's population in 2011 was 120,046 compared with 78,403 in 2001. This is due to a slight population increase and boundary and methodology changes since 2001. Felling used to be a separate urban subdivision and had a population of around 35,000, but now it is considered part of Gateshead town. The population of the 2011 census boundaries in 2001
5568-403: The early 2010s, regeneration refocused on the town centre. The £150 million Trinity Square development opened in May 2013, it incorporates student accommodation, a cinema, health centre and shops. It was nominated for the Carbuncle Cup in September 2014. The cup was however awarded to another development which involved Tesco , Woolwich Central . In 1835, Gateshead was established as
5664-446: The estimated number of conceptions to women aged under 18 in England and Wales in 2011 is the lowest since records began in 1969. Conception statistics include pregnancies that result in either one or more live births or stillbirths or a legal abortion. A comparison of rates across regions in England shows that the North East had the highest of under 18 conception rates in 2011, with 38.4 per thousand women aged 15–17. The South East had
5760-446: The former host of the BBC's Spring Watch Programme. In December 2012 he also presented the project with a prize as the UK's favorite National Lottery funded project. The seal colony at Seal Sands on the mouth of the River Tees is thriving and in 2013 had more than 60 harbour seals . This is the only breeding colony of this species on the northeast coast. " Rainton Meadows " is also a recently created bird-watching site. The region
5856-415: The forum include NECC, NEPIC, the Federation of Small Businesses (FSB), Confederation of British Industry (CBI) North East, the Make UK Northern, The Institute of Directors (IOD) and RTC North. RTC North provide business expertise in specific growth areas such as product innovation, market research, technology transfer, commercialisation, business growth. North East Access to Finance (NEA2F) operates
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#17330855639225952-441: The green belt area. The town of Gateshead consists of the following districts. Some of them were once separate settlements that were absorbed by encroaching urban sprawl , while others consist entirely of retail, industrial and housing estates. Many of these areas overlap each other and their boundaries are by no means official or fixed. Gateshead is a Town (Urban Subdivision) in the Tyneside urban area . The table below compares
6048-430: The group "Scotland, Cumbria and the North of Ireland", but not so closely related to the other peoples of the UK. In a 2022 study by Joscha Gretzinger et al., the population of North East England was found to be among the groups with the highest amount of Iron Age/Roman period British Isles-related ancestry, being on par with Cornish people in that regard. The Office for National Statistics in April 2013 report that
6144-404: The invention of the electric light bulb . The house was the first in the world to be wired for domestic electric light. In 1889 one of the largest employers ( Hawks, Crawshay and Sons ) closed down and unemployment has since been a burden. Up to the Second World War there were repeated newspaper reports of the unemployed sending deputations to the council to provide work. The depression years of
6240-414: The junction with the B1298, the road becomes a one-way system, with southbound traffic continuing to use Westoe Road and turning right onto the B1301 Dean Road and northbound traffic using the more direct route of Imeary Street. The A1018 continues on Sunderland Road before becoming King George Road and a dual carriageway . The road crosses the A1300 and continues to a roundabout with Nevinson Avenue. Here,
6336-447: The latter county covers parts of two regions since. The region is mostly parished with some remaining unparished areas following the 1974 creation of the Cleveland districts, Darlington , Tyne and Wear districts, Derwentside and Wear Valley . The North East has a strong tendency to vote Labour . In the 2015 election , 47% of the electorate voted Labour, while 25% voted Conservative , 17% UKIP, 6% Liberal Democrat and 4% Green. At
6432-403: The lowest rate for women aged under 18 in 2011 with 26.1 per thousand women aged 15–17. A study into social deprivation was published in 2010 to help the local partners developing a Regional Strategy for the North East better understand the factors influencing deprivation in the region. The study had two main aspects: Firstly to establish if there are different types of deprived neighbourhoods in
6528-421: The lowest rate of HIV infection in the UK, but has the highest rate of heart attacks among men and of lung cancer among women in England, along with the highest male lung cancer rate in the UK. In 2010, the region had the second highest trade union membership among UK men. Higher education students from the North East are most likely to pick a university in their home region. The last immigration wave before
6624-399: The main locations for the chemical industry such that in the 19th century, which led to a cluster of iron, soap and alkali manufacturing. By 1828 the alkali works had a large problem controlling emissions of hydrochloric acid fumes which devastated the neighbouring countryside. One solution was to build tall chimneys to drive the fumes further away and in 1833 the tallest chimney in England
6720-433: The monastic settlement on Lindisfarne. The monks fled or were slaughtered, and Bishop Higbald sought refuge on the mainland. A chronicler recorded: "On the 8th June, the harrying of the heathen miserably destroyed God's church by rapine and slaughter." There were three hundred years of Viking raids, battles and settlement until William the Conqueror defeated King Harold at Hastings in 1066. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle notes
6816-413: The name, among them Gatesheued ( c. 1190 ), literally "goat's head" but in the context of a place-name meaning 'headland or hill frequented by (wild) goats'. Although other derivations have been mooted, it is this that is given by the standard authorities. A Brittonic predecessor, named with the element *gabro- , 'goat' (c.f. Welsh gafr ), may underlie the name. Gateshead might have been
6912-562: The no campaign, spearheaded by Dominic Cummings . Bernard Jenkin, the Conservative spokesman for the regions, said the vote would mean the end of plans for a North East Assembly. He told the BBC : "The whole idea of regional government has been blown out of the water by this vote". The former Association of North East Councils was based in Newcastle upon Tyne , and the preceding North East Assembly
7008-463: The panelling installed by Robinson was later moved to the Shipley Art Gallery . Wailes sold Saltwell Towers to the corporation in 1876 for use as a public park, provided he could use the house for the rest of his life. For many years the structure was essentially an empty shell but following a restoration programme it was reopened to the public in 2004. The council sponsored the development of
7104-558: The previously envisioned town centre development which was to include a Tesco mega-store as well as shops, restaurants, cafes, bars, offices and student accommodation. The council effectively used the car park as a bargaining tool to ensure that the company adhered to the original proposals and blocked its demolition until they submitted a suitable planning application. Demolition finally took place in July–August 2010. The Derwent Tower , another well known example of brutalist architecture,
7200-653: The region and a special exhibition based around the Roman Fort of Segedunum at Wallsend and the other forts along Hadrian's Wall are complemented by the numerous artifacts that are displayed in the Great North Museum Hancock in Newcastle. St. Peter's Church in Monkwearmouth , Sunderland and St. Pauls in Jarrow also hold significant historical value and have a joint bid to become a World Heritage Site. The area has
7296-457: The region are Newcastle upon Tyne , Middlesbrough , Sunderland , Gateshead , Darlington , Hartlepool and Durham . The region's historic importance is displayed by Northumberland's ancient castles, the two World Heritage Sites of Durham Cathedral and Durham Castle , and Hadrian's Wall , one of the frontiers of the Roman Empire . In fact, Roman archaeology can be found widely across
7392-586: The region had the highest proportion of Christians in Great Britain. A number of the region's settlements expanded from around priories, abbeys and monasteries. The latest statistical report from the Office for National Statistics comparing the North East of England to other regions of the United Kingdom, dated May 2012, states: The North East is the most affordable region in the UK. Figures from 2017 indicate it
7488-563: The region to network and engage companies on a sector basis and give local business-to-business advice and supply chain intelligence: the Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster (NEPIC) (chemicals-polymers-pharmaceuticals-biotech), the Northern Offshore Federation (NOF) (energy and offshore engineering), Service Network (accountants-finance-law firms-HR) and Make UK (defence related engineering), Design Network North (DNN) (design issues for all sectors.) The Invest North East,
7584-445: The road becomes Shields Road and returns to a single-carriageway. The A1018 then extends through Cleadon Village , re-becoming Sunderland Road, and runs to the Sunderland border, passing AFC Sunderland academy training ground. As the A1018 enters the City of Sunderland from the north, it is known as Shields Road, which then becomes Newcastle Road. This long straight section passes through
7680-451: The section of the Pennines that includes Teesdale and Weardale . North East England has a Marine west coast climate (generally found along the west coast of middle latitude continents) with narrower temperature ranges than the south of England and sufficient precipitation in all months. Summers and winters are mild rather than extremely hot or cold, due to the strong maritime influence of
7776-499: The soda in England. By 1814 the Leblanc process of making alkali from common salt was introduced to Britain. Alkali works using this process opened at Tyne Dock 1822, Felling shore Tyneside 1826, Friars Goose Gateshead 1828 and again on Felling Shore in 1834. Such works also produced soda, alum and Epsom salts. The river frontage at South Shore of the River Tyne at Gateshead was one of
7872-506: The summer months, and is home of the Gateshead Harriers athletics club. It is also host to rugby league fixtures, and the home ground of Gateshead Football Club . Gateshead Thunder Rugby League Football Club played at Gateshead International Stadium until its purchase by Newcastle Rugby Limited and the subsequent rebranding as Newcastle Thunder . Both clubs have had their problems: Gateshead A.F.C. were controversially voted out of
7968-486: The town as an urban sub-division. The 2011 ONS urban sub-division of Gateshead contains the historical County Borough together with areas that the town has absorbed, including Dunston , Felling , Heworth , Pelaw and Bill Quay . Given the proximity of Gateshead to Newcastle, just south of the River Tyne from the city centre , it is sometimes incorrectly referred to as being a part of Newcastle. Gateshead Council and Newcastle City Council teamed up in 2000 to create
8064-475: The town centre (Bridges and Saltwell) have minority populations very similar to the national average. The Tyneside metropolitan area, which contains the borough of Gateshead, has a population of 829,300; the NewcastleGateshead urban core area has population of 480,400. The Metropolitan borough of Gateshead had a population of 200,214 in 2011. Gateshead is the main major area in the metropolitan borough and
8160-569: The town centre and continues rising to a height of 525 feet at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Sheriff Hill . This is in contrast to the flat and low lying Team Valley located on the western edges of town. The high elevations allow for impressive views over the Tyne valley into Newcastle and across Tyneside to Sunderland and the North Sea from lookouts in Windmill Hills and Windy Nook respectively. The Office for National Statistics defines
8256-480: The town on its way between Newcastle Central and Chester-le-Street stations. There are presently no stations on this line within Gateshead, as Low Fell , Bensham and Gateshead West stations were closed in 1952, 1954 and 1965 respectively. Several major road links pass through Gateshead, including the A1 which links London to Edinburgh and the A184 which connects the town to Sunderland . Gateshead Interchange
8352-492: The town takes up around 60% of the borough's population. Other major areas in the borough include Whickham , Birtley , Blaydon-on-Tyne and Ryton . Gateshead is home to the MetroCentre , the largest shopping mall in the UK until 2008; and the Team Valley Trading Estate, once the largest and still one of the larger purpose-built commercial estates in the UK. The Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art has been established in
8448-635: The use of gutta-percha surrounded by strong wires. The first successful Dover – Calais cable on 25 September 1851, was made in Newall's works. In 1853, he invented the brake-drum and cone for laying cable in deep seas. Half of the first Atlantic cable was manufactured in Gateshead. Newall was interested in astronomy, and his giant 25-inch (640 mm) telescope was set up in the garden at Ferndene, his Gateshead residence, in 1871. J. B. Priestley , writing of Gateshead in his 1934 travelogue English Journey , said that "no true civilisation could have produced such
8544-514: The Ætheling and Malcolm king of Scotland ( Shakespeare 's Malcolm ) on Gateshead Fell (now Low Fell and Sheriff Hill ). During medieval times Gateshead was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Durham . At this time the area was largely forest with some agricultural land. The forest was the subject of Gateshead's first charter, granted in the 12th century by Hugh du Puiset , Bishop of Durham. An alternative spelling may be "Gatishevede", as seen in
8640-616: Was Eric Bloodaxe , who died at the Battle of Stainmore , Westmorland, in 954. After Eric Bloodaxe's death, all England was ruled by Eadred , the grandson of Alfred the Great ; and so began the machinery of national government. Today, the Viking legacy can still be found in the language and place names of north-east England and in the DNA of its people. The name Newcastle comes from the castle built shortly after
8736-465: Was 113,220, proving that there was some sort of population increase. In 2011, 8.0% of the population of Gateshead Town were from an ethnic minority group (non-indigenous), compared with only 6.0% for the surrounding borough. Despite the borough's low ethnic minority population compared with the England average of 20.2%, it has slightly more ethnic minorities than other boroughs in Tyne and Wear, such as Sunderland or North Tyneside, and two wards near
8832-631: Was also designed by Owen Luder and stood in the neighbourhood of Dunston . Like the Trinity Car Park it also failed in its bid to become a listed building and was demolished in 2012. Also located in this area are the Grade II listed Dunston Staiths which were built in 1890. Following the award of a Heritage Lottery Fund grant of almost £420,000 restoration of the structure was planned in 2014 and completed by 2015. Gateshead International Stadium regularly holds international athletics meetings over
8928-629: Was announced by the government in 2011. The zone focuses on technology for low carbon vehicle development, marine offshore and subsea engineering, petrochemicals and renewable energy. At the time of announcement the enterprise zone included two clusters of sites, an Ultra Low Carbon Vehicle zone in Sunderland and a zone on the River Tyne North Bank. The Sunderland cluster is close to the Nissan plant and includes Turbine Business Park. It hosts Gateshead College 's Future Technology Centre. The cluster on
9024-528: Was based in Gateshead until its dissolution in 2009. Local enterprise partnerships were established, these later became combined authorities. The North East Combined Authority was established in 2014 and covered much of the region excluding Tees Valley . North of Tyne authorities later split off, leaving authorities south of the River Tyne. The Tees Valley boroughs (Darlington, Hartlepool, Stockton-on-Tees, Redcar & Cleveland, and Middlesbrough) established
9120-649: Was built at the Friars Goose Alkali Works. The passing of the Alkali Act of 1863 in the UK Parliament brought about a further reduced pollution from these processes and was the first industrial environmental legislation to come into practice globally. Salt-making in and around Greatham (between Hartlepool and Billingham) had been important in Roman and medieval times, and salt was also produced on Wearside from
9216-480: Was primarily Tyneside based and associated with the manufacture of soap and glass. The most important chemical activity in the 18th and 19th centuries was the manufacture of alkali to make soap, which was when mixed with lime and sand and used to make glass. The effects of the industrial revolution could be seen through an economy dominated by iron and steel, coal mining and shipbuilding. Rationalisation of chemical firms in 1891 left only four works on Tyneside. Before
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