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58-782: South Holston Dam is located 50 miles (80 km) above the South Fork Holston River's confluence with the North Fork Holston River (which forms the Holston River proper). The dam site is situated in an area where the river descends out of the Appalachian Mountains and enters the upper Holston Valley. The dam and the Tennessee half of its reservoir are surrounded by the Cherokee National Forest , and

116-466: A boatyard to ship salt. In 1818 the property was sold to the Netherland family and they turned it into an inn and tavern. The inn and its grounds, which have been fully restored as a historic house museum, are open to tours and special events throughout the year. Additional buildings on the property include a reconstructed kitchen wing, a Log Cabin which housed Daniel Boone and his family between 1773-1775,

174-434: A climate controlled building which houses the carousel. The Kingsport Aquatic Center is a popular swimming area located in the city of Kingsport and has several indoor and outdoor pools and diving boards, including an Olympic-size swimming pool . As well there are water attractions focused on childrens entertainment, stadiun seating with a capacity of 400 individuals, and multiple diving boards. The Long Island iced tea

232-527: A disastrous flood in 1940 that had destroyed several structures in Bluff City and Kingsport , both downstream from the proposed dam sites. The dams would also produce electricity to help TVA meet the high demand for power at the outbreak of World War II . South Holston Dam and its sister project, Watauga Dam, were authorized on December 17, 1941, and work began on February 16 of the following year. The construction of South Holston Dam and its reservoir required

290-471: A female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22, and the average family size was 2.80. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

348-420: A generating capacity of 38,500 kilowatts. The dam's fixed-crest morning glory spillway has a maximum discharge of 116,200 cubic feet per second (3,290 m/s). South Holston Lake extends northeastward for 24 miles (39 km) into southwestern Virginia, with 168 miles (270 km) of shoreline and a storage capacity of 765,000 acre⋅ft (944,000 dam), of which 252,757 acre⋅ft (311,771 dam)

406-620: A major river system that drains much of northeastern Tennessee , southwestern Virginia , and northwestern North Carolina . The Holston's confluence with the French Broad River at Knoxville marks the beginning of the Tennessee River . Maps by early French explorers in this area identified what is now known as the Holston River as the " Cherokee River", after the tribe they encountered. The United States settlers and army fought with

464-570: A recycled containerboard facility in Kingsport that formerly was a paper mill established in 1916. Domtar converted the production of uncoated freesheet paper to containerboard in 2023. It is now home to one of the largest recycled containerboard machines in North America, which produces about 600,000 tons of recycled liner board and corrugated medium annually. Holston Army Ammunition Plant operated by BAE Systems ' Ordnance Systems, Inc. manufactures

522-501: A regional fast-food restaurant chain, opened its first location in 1956 and is headquartered in Kingsport. In 2001, Pal's Sudden Service , won the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award , becoming the first restaurant company to receive the award. Kingsport is located in western Sullivan County at the intersection of U.S. Routes 11W and 23 . Kingsport is the northwest terminus of Interstate 26 . The city

580-569: A sluiceway to a stilling basin at the southern base of the dam. Various private entities had investigated the South Fork Holston's hydroelectric potential since the early 1900s, although other than Wilbur Dam on the river's Watauga River tributary, no major projects had been initiated. In the 1920s, the Holston River Power Company conducted a massive survey of the South Fork Holston's watershed with plans to build four dams on

638-511: A wide range of secondary detonating explosives for the Department of Defense . In 2019, Kingsport's gross metropolitan product was reported to be US$ 14.1 billion . According to the City of Kingsport's annual comprehensive financial report for 2021, the top employers in the city are: The Netherland Inn was constructed in 1802 by William King, whom the city of Kingsport is named after, to act as

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696-596: Is a list of major road crossings on the Middle Fork Holston River: Kingsport, Tennessee Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2020 census , its population was 55,442. Lying along the Holston River , Kingsport is commonly included in what is known as the Mountain Empire, which spans a portion of southwest Virginia and

754-615: Is bordered to the west by the town of Mount Carmel , to the southeast by unincorporated Colonial Heights , and to the northeast by unincorporated Bloomingdale . The Kingsport city limits extend west into Hawkins County and north to the Virginia border. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 50.8 square miles (131.5 km ), of which 49.8 square miles (129.0 km ) are land and 0.93 square miles (2.4 km ), or 1.86%, are water. Most of

812-407: Is claimed to have been invented in the 1920s during Prohibition by an "Old Man Bishop", who was known to have been an illegal liquor distiller, on Long Island in Kingsport. The city of Kingsport has embraced this claim and has created a Long Island iced tea trail with several involved local restaurants and businesses, as well downtown Kingsport is home to a mural featuring the city's claim to being

870-441: Is governed locally by a seven-member Board of Mayor and Aldermen. The citizens elect the mayor to a two-year term and the six aldermen to four-year terms. The elections take place in odd-numbered years, with the mayor and three aldermen elected every two years. New terms begin on July 1. The board elects a vice mayor from among the six aldermen. The council or board then hires a professional city manager. In late 2021, or early 2022,

928-643: Is mostly within the present-day corporate boundaries of Kingsport. The island was an important site for the Cherokee , colonial pioneers and early settlers, and specifically mentioned in the 1770 Treaty of Lochaber . Early settlements at the site were used as a staging ground for other pioneers who were traveling overland on the Wilderness Road leading to Kentucky through the Cumberland Gap . First chartered in 1822, Kingsport became an important shipping port on

986-407: Is reserved for flood control. The reservoir's operating levels vary by about 23 feet (7.0 m) in a typical year. The dam has two intakes, one at the north end and one at the south end. The north intake transfers water from the reservoir via high-pressure conduit to the powerhouse at the northern base of the dam. The south intake feeds water into the dam's spillway, from which it travels through

1044-533: Is wide and open enough to allow extensive fly fishing . South Holston Lake offers a variety of fishing opportunity as well, as it contains smallmouth bass, common carp , walleye , pike , sunfish , crappie and a few trout. The following is a list of major road crossings on the Holston River: The following is a list of major road crossings on the South Fork Holston River: The following

1102-612: The 1st congressional district . While no college or university has its main campus within the city, these institutions have branch campuses in Kingsport: Lincoln Memorial and Northeast State are located in the Kingsport Academic Village complex in downtown Kingsport. East Tennessee State offers general education courses in the Hawkins County (westernmost) portion of the city, with more advanced courses at

1160-691: The Tennessee State Senate , the Sullivan County portion of Kingsport is represented by the 4th Senatorial District and the Hawkins County portion by the 8th district. State Senator Jon Lundberg and State Senator Frank Niceley currently serve in these positions. All of these elected officials are members of the Republican Party . Kingsport is represented in the United States House of Representatives by Republican Diana Harshbarger of

1218-614: The 1950s, two important public works projects were constructed: the Boone Dam and the Fort Patrick Henry Dam , hydroelectric dams built along the South Fork Holston River . Kingsport was among the first municipalities to adopt a city manager form of government, to professionalize operations of city departments. It developed its school system based on a model promoted by Columbia University . Pal's Sudden Service ,

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1276-784: The Academic Village. Almost all residents of Kingsport are served by the Kingsport City Schools public school system. It operates eight elementary schools, two middle schools, and one high school. In addition, Kingsport has eight private academies, most with religious affiliation. All but a few parts in Sullivan County are in that district, with isolated areas in the Sullivan County School District . The portions in Hawkins County are entirely in Kingsport City Schools. Douglass High School in Kingsport

1334-705: The Appy League from 1980 to 2020, except for the 1983 season when the New York Mets temporarily relocated the team to Sarasota, Florida , as the Gulf Coast League Mets , while their home ballpark was being renovated. In conjunction with a contraction of Minor League Baseball beginning with the 2021 season, the Appalachian League was reorganized as a collegiate summer baseball league, and the Mets were replaced by

1392-528: The Axmen, a new franchise in the revamped league designed for rising college freshman and sophomores. The Kingsport Parks and Recreation manages several parks within the city. Warrior's Path State Park , a 950 acres (3.8 km ) state park, is located in the Colonial Heights area of the city. Kingsport uses the council-manager system, which was established in 1917 when the city was re-chartered. Kingsport

1450-584: The Cherokee over land in Tennessee, North Carolina, and further South into Georgia and Alabama. In the 1830s the government forced the Cherokee out on the Trail of Tears to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), under the authority of the Indian Removal Act passed by Congress in 1830. Early Tennessee historian and Tennessee Supreme Court Justice John Haywood cites in his 1823 book "The civil and political history of

1508-657: The Holston River. Goods originating for many miles around from the surrounding countryside were loaded onto barges for the journey downriver to the Tennessee River at Knoxville . In the Battle of Kingsport (December 13, 1864) during the Civil War , a force of 300 Confederates under Colonel Richard Morgan stopped a larger Union force for nearly two days. An army of over 5,500 troops under command of Major General George Stoneman had left Knoxville to raid Confederate targets in Virginia:

1566-630: The Kingsport Area Transit Service, also known as KATS, since 1995. KATS operates 4 bus routes throughout Kingsport. Kingsport is serviced by the Tri-Cities Regional Airport (IATA Code TRI) Two hospitals operated by Ballad Health are located in Kingsport: Holston Valley Medical Center, and Indian Path Community Hospital. Kingsport Police Department is the municipal law enforcement agency for

1624-462: The North Fork at Kingsport. The Watauga River , a tributary of the South Fork Holston, flows 78.5 miles (126.3 km) westward from Watauga County, North Carolina . The Holston River valley has been greatly developed for electrical power generation, both with hydroelectric dams and coal -fired steam plants. In the upper reaches, some of these plants are controlled by private interests; in

1682-544: The South Fork Holston River. Among the dams and associated reservoirs on the South Fork Holston River are Boone Dam and Boone Lake , named for the explorer Daniel Boone ; Fort Patrick Henry Dam and Fort Patrick Henry Lake, named for the Founding Father Patrick Henry ; and South Holston Dam and South Holston Lake . All three forks in Virginia, South Holston Lake, and the Holston River in Tennessee below

1740-649: The South Holston Dam offer relatively easy-to-reach recreation opportunities. The North Fork in Virginia is known as an excellent smallmouth bass river (because of mercury contamination, fish caught in the North Fork of the Holston below Saltville, Virginia , must not be consumed). Both the South Fork in Virginia and the first 20 miles (32 km) of the Holston in Tennessee below South Holston Dam are quality brown trout and rainbow trout fisheries. The Holston River

1798-503: The South Holston project was just over $ 31 million. Being one of the TVA's top plants in the area, it went from producing 49 megawatts of energy to only 42. After 65 years of operation, the dam was in need of a modernization in terms of energy production. TVA upgraded the powerhouse controls and power equipment. There was a warehouse on site and pre-outages in the time leading up to the project in

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1856-531: The Virginia half of the reservoir is surrounded by the Jefferson National Forest . The reservoir includes parts of Sullivan County in Tennessee and Washington County in Virginia. The city of Bristol straddles the Tennessee-Virginia border a few miles northwest of South Holston Dam. South Holston Dam is an earth-and-rock dam 285 feet (87 m) high and 1,600 feet (490 m) long, and has

1914-543: The Weilhouse which shelters an old stone-line well, a schoolhouse, and the Pence Reception Center and Gift Shop. The Kingsport Carousel, which was constructed by 300 local volunteers and was made using a refurbished 1956 Allan Herschell Company carousel frame, was completed in 2015. Pal and Sharon Barger, owners of Pal’s Sudden Service which is headquartered in Kingsport, sponsored the creation of Pal's Roundhouse,

1972-571: The birthplace of the Long Island iced tea. The city is home to the Kingsport Axmen , a collegiate summer baseball team of the Appalachian League . The nickname is in reference to frontiersman Daniel Boone , who began the Wilderness Road in Kingsport. The Axmen play their home games at Hunter Wright Stadium , which is named after former mayor Hunter Wright. Professional baseball

2030-649: The bitter winter weather, Col. Morgan surrendered. The Confederates suffered 18 dead, and 84 prisoners of war were sent to a Union prison in Knoxville. The city lost its charter after a downturn in its fortunes precipitated by the Civil War. On September 12, 1916, Kingsport residents demanded the death of circus elephant Mary (an Asian elephant that performed in the Sparks World-famous Shows Circus). She had killed city hotel worker Walter Eldridge, who

2088-692: The board decided to move the election to coincide with the primary elections in Tennessee in August of every even-numbered year. This changes the Mayoral and Alderman election from May 2023 to August 2024. The Sullivan County portion of Kingsport is represented in the Tennessee House of Representatives by the 1st and 2nd State Representative districts and the Hawkins County portion by the 3rd district. Currently serving in these positions are Representatives John Crawford , Bud Hulsey , and Timothy Hill respectively. In

2146-425: The city was 93.32% White , 4.07% African American , 0.79% Asian , 0.24% American Indian/Alaska Native , 0.02% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander , 0.34% some other race , and 1.06% two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.05% of the population. There were 19,662 households, of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 12.7% had

2204-441: The construction of an auxiliary spillway, since the main dam's morning glory spillway had not been adequately tested. This auxiliary spillway— known as the "Bent Branch Spillway" after the stream into which it empties— is located about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of the main dam. South Holston Dam was completed and its gates closed November 20, 1950. The dam's generator went online February 13, 1951. The total cost of

2262-475: The dam sites, and the South Holston project was stalled until the end of the war. Work on South Holston began again on August 4, 1947, as Watauga neared completion. Along with the main dam, the South Holston project required the construction of a saddle dam approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) north of the main dam at the reservoir's Painter Spring embayment. The saddle dam is 40 feet (12 m) high and 3,400 feet (1,000 m) long. The project also necessitated

2320-652: The downstream portion, they are owned by the United States Government 's Tennessee Valley Authority . The main stem of the Holston is impounded by the Tennessee Valley Authority 's Cherokee Dam near Jefferson City, Tennessee , forming Cherokee Lake . Five other dams, also managed by TVA, impound the Holston's headwater streams: Watauga Dam and Wilbur Dam on the Watauga River, and Boone Dam , Fort Patrick Henry Dam , and South Holston Dam on

2378-571: The head of navigation for the Tennessee Valley . Kingsport was developed after the Revolutionary War , at the confluence of the North and South Forks of the Holston River. In 1787 it was known as "Salt Lick" for an ancient mineral lick . It was first settled along the banks of the South Fork, about a mile from the confluence . The Long Island of the Holston River is near the confluence, which

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2436-496: The mountainous counties in northeastern Tennessee . It is the largest city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area , which had a population of 307,613 in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020. The name "Kingsport" is a simplification of "King's Port", originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as King's Boat Yard,

2494-413: The poverty line, including 24.9% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over. Eastman Chemical Company 's first chemical plant along with its world headquarters are located in Kingsport. Eastman also operates a molecular recycling plant in Kingsport. Accsys Technologies, through a joint venture with Eastman, operates an acetylated wood manufacturing plant in the city. Domtar operates

2552-457: The purchase of 12,860 acres (52 km) of land, 3,875 acres (1,568 ha) of which had to be cleared. The construction moved 342 families and 559 graves. It required the relocation of 30.5 miles (49.1 km) of roads, and four new bridges were built. In October 1942, the U.S. War Production Board ordered a halt to the South Holston and Watauga projects, claiming they were not vital to the nation's war effort. TVA spent several weeks securing

2610-563: The river, including one at the present South Holston Dam site. After the Tennessee Valley Authority gained oversight of the Tennessee River watershed in the following decade, it proposed the construction of two dams in the South Fork Holston basin— one at the South Holston Dam site and the other at Cardens Bluff (modern Watauga Dam ). The primary purpose for building these two dams was flood control, especially in light of

2668-565: The salt works at Saltville , the lead works at Wytheville , and the iron works in Marion . While Col. Morgan's small band held off a main Union force under Major General Cullem Gillem on the opposite side the Holston River, Union Col. Samuel Patton took a force of cavalry to a ford in the river 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north and came down behind the Confederates. Out-numbered, out-flanked, and demoralised by

2726-490: The situation was to hold a public execution. On the following day, she was transported by rail to Erwin, Tennessee , where a crowd of over 2,500 people assembled in the Clinchfield Railroad yard to watch her hang from a railroad crane. Re-chartered in 1917, Kingsport was an early example of a "garden city". Part of it was designed by city planner and landscape architect John Nolen of Cambridge, Massachusetts . It

2784-418: The state of Tennessee from its earliest settlement up to the year 1796, including the boundaries of the state " that the Holston River was identified and named on earlier produced French maps as the "Cherokee River". British colonists later named the Holston River after pioneer Stephen Holstein, a European-American settler who built a cabin in 1746 on the upper reaches of the river. Similarly, Holston Mountain

2842-510: The surrounding area. The road in relation to the dam remained closed for one year but the recreational areas were not affected In 1991, TVA built a weir dam, an aerating labrynth weir, approximately 1.5 miles below the main dam, straddling the midsection of Osceola Island. The weir helps to deal with the fact that the water coming out of the bottom of the dam is cold, dense, and oxygen depleted. The water also tends to have unpredictable recirculation currents. The weir counteracts these problems with

2900-524: The water area is in the South Fork Holston River . Neighborhoods in Kingsport include: As of the 2020 United States census , there were 55,442 people, 23,640 households, and 14,273 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, there were 44,905 people, 19,662 households and 12,642 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,018.9 inhabitants per square mile (393.4/km ). There were 21,796 housing units at an average density of 494.6 per square mile (191.0/km ). The racial makeup of

2958-572: The water out of the bottom of the dam. The weir oxygenates the water, which helps aquatic insects, vegetation, and fish—particularly bass and trout. The weir also prevents the water from refluxing back up to the turbine at the dam, and calms it down for recreational users such as those boating, fishing, and swimming. North Fork Holston River The Holston River is a 136-mile (219 km) river that flows from Kingsport, Tennessee , to Knoxville, Tennessee . Along with its three major forks ( North Fork , Middle Fork and South Fork ), it comprises

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3016-406: Was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 30,524, and the median income for a family was $ 40,183. Males had a median income of $ 33,075 versus $ 23,217 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,549. About 14.2% of families and 17.1% of the population were below

3074-856: Was first played in Kingsport, by the Kingsport Indians in the Appalachian League from 1921 to 1925. The team went dormant for 12 years before it returned to the circuit as the Kingsport Cherokees from 1938 to 1955—with the exception of the 1942 season as the Kingsport Dodgers and as members of the Mountain States League in 1953 and 1954. The club was later known as the Kingsport Orioles (1957), Kingsport Pirates (1960–1963), Kingsport Royals (1969–1973), and Kingsport Braves (1974–1979). The Kingsport Mets were members of

3132-407: Was hired by the circus the day before as an assistant elephant trainer. Eldridge was attacked and killed by the elephant while he was leading her to a pond. The elephant was impounded by the local sheriff. Leaders of several nearby towns threatened to prevent the circus from performing if it included the elephant. The circus owner, Charlie Sparks, reluctantly decided that the only way to quickly resolve

3190-654: Was named after the Holston River. The North Fork flows 138 miles (222 km) southwest from Sharon Springs in Bland County, Virginia . The Middle Fork flows 56.5 miles (90.9 km) from near the western border of Wythe County, Virginia , joining the South Fork in Washington County, Virginia , southeast of Abingdon . The South Fork rises near Sugar Grove in Smyth County and flows 112 miles (180 km) southwest to join

3248-417: Was nicknamed as the "Model City" from this plan, which organized the town into areas for commerce, churches, housing and industry. Most of the land on the river was devoted to industry. Most of the Long Island is now occupied by Eastman Chemical Company , which is headquartered in Kingsport. As part of this plan, Kingsport built some of the earliest traffic circles (roundabouts) in the United States. Into

3306-613: Was not allowed to play white teams, the Tigers won a Tennessee state football championship a state basketball championship in 1946, and a state basketball championship in 1948. The present building, built in 1951 at 301 Louis Street, is now the V.O. Dobbins Sr. Complex, named for Douglass' former principal. Kingsport shares a television market with Johnson City and Bristol, VA . WCYB-TV ( NBC ; THE CW on DT2 ) in Bristol, WEMT-TV ( FOX ) in Greeneville , WETP-TV ( PBS ) in Sneedville and WJHL-TV ( CBS ; ABC on DT2 aka ABC Tri-Cities ) in Johnson City. Kingsport has been serviced by

3364-402: Was one of the largest African American high schools in the region when it closed for desegregation in 1966. The school's former building on East Walnut Avenue (now East Sevier Avenue) was a historic Rosenwald School , built in 1929–30 with a combination of funds from the city, private citizens and the Rosenwald Fund . Although during the years of segregation the Douglass Tigers football team

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