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38-483: The Sony Ericsson W890i is a high-end mobile phone released on March 3, 2008. It is available in the colours of " Mocha Brown ", " Sparkling Silver " and " Espresso Black ", at 9.9 mm thick. It shares many design clues with the original iPhone , mainly on the rear. Its casing is made up of highly polished aluminium with little use of plastic. The phone incorporates a 3.2-megapixel camera taking photos in 2048x1536 px resolution without flash or autofocus and video

76-585: A keynote address at the Macworld Conference & Expo held in Moscone West in San Francisco, California. In his address, Jobs said, "This is a day that I have been looking forward to for two and a half years," and that "today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone". Jobs introduced the iPhone as a combination of three devices: a "widescreen iPod with touch controls"; a "revolutionary mobile phone"; and

114-495: A "breakthrough Internet communicator." Six weeks prior to the iPhone's release, the plastic screen was replaced with glass. This was after Jobs was upset when he saw that his keys scratched the prototype in his pocket. The quick switch led to a bidding process for a manufacturing contractor that was won by Foxconn , which had just opened up a new wing of its Shenzhen factory complex specifically for this bid. Six out of ten Americans surveyed said they knew before its release that

152-438: A compromise all the schools and communities merged into it. The name lasted seven years before its headmistress, who called the name "so embarrassing", cut it to simply " The Prescot School ". The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter has been described as designed by committee, due to being overscheduled, over budget, and underperforming expectations. It was originally conceived to serve the widely varying needs of multiple branches of

190-410: A single switch: a power and sleep button, a volume up and volume down button, a silent/ringer switch, and a home button positioned in the bottom center of the face of the phone. The home button, when pressed, would send the user back to the home screen from whatever app they were currently using. The iPhone features a Samsung 32-bit ARM microprocessor , underclocked from its stock 620 MHz to

228-469: A slower 412 MHz to increase battery life. Its GPU is the PowerVR MBX Lite 3D. The iPhone also includes several sets of sensors, including an accelerometer , a proximity sensor , and an ambient light sensor . Similar to the iPod Touch , the iPhone also features a 3.5 millimeter auxiliary headphone jack. The phone also has a 3.7 V 1400  mAh lithium-ion battery built in it. At

266-523: A stylus for its finger-friendly touch interface. The iPhone instead featured only a few physical buttons and a touch screen. It featured quad-band GSM cellular connectivity with GPRS and EDGE support for data transfer , and it used continuous internet access and onboard processing to support features unrelated to voice communication. Its successor, the iPhone 3G , was announced on June 9, 2008. The iPhone quickly became Apple's most successful product, with later generations propelling it to become one of

304-504: A successor to the DR Class 118 . With a mixture of parts from several planned economy countries, even including West German designs to fill gaps, the Class 119 was unreliable. Only 200 were built in ten years as East Germany cancelled the contract prematurely. No other country purchased the Class 119, but after 1990 unified German rail had to deal with them until they were replaced. An example of

342-638: A technical decision said to be a typical result of design by committee is the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cell size of 53 bytes. The choice of 53 bytes was political rather than technical. When the CCITT was standardizing ATM, parties from the United States wanted a 64-byte payload. Parties from Europe wanted 32-byte payloads. Most of the European parties eventually came around to the arguments made by

380-417: Is made out of aluminum , a soft metal. The iPhone's screen is a 320×480-resolution LCD screen at 163   ppi that measures about 3.5 inches diagonally, much bigger than most other phones at the time, and the iPhone was the first mobile phone with multi-touch technology. The rear camera on the iPhone has a resolution of 2 megapixels and also features geotagging . The iPhone has four total buttons and

418-506: Is recorded at QVGA resolution. An FM radio , which was lacking on the W880i, is also included. The phone utilises version 3.0 of the Walkman system software and includes SensMe technology, whereby the user can select which mood of music they would like to listen to. It also has a 950mAh Li-Po battery. IPhone (original) List of iPhone models The iPhone (retroactively referred to as

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456-542: Is the DR Class 119 diesel locomotive, built from 1976 to 1985 in communist Romania for East Germany due to Soviet-era Comecon restrictions. Only the USSR was allowed to continue building powerful diesel engines, but they were too heavy for East Germany where some lines were limited to low axle load locomotives. Not allowed to continue building their own designs, the East Germans managed to have Romanian 23 August Works assemble

494-460: Is used to refer to suboptimal traits that such a process may produce as a result of having to compromise between the requirements and viewpoints of the participants, particularly in the presence of poor leadership or poor technical knowledge, such as needless complexity, internal inconsistency, logical flaws, banality, and the lack of a unifying vision. This design process by consensus is in contrast to autocratic design, or design by dictator , where

532-509: The iPhone 2G or iPhone 1 ) is the first iPhone model and the first smartphone developed and marketed by Apple Inc. After years of rumors and speculation, it was officially announced on January 9, 2007, and was released in the United States on June 29, 2007. Development of the iPhone began in 2005 and continued in complete secrecy until its public unveiling at Macworld 2007 . The device broke with prevailing mobile phone designs by eliminating most physical hardware buttons and eschewing

570-445: The 2007 iPhone was sold at auction in the US for $ 190,372.80, nearly 400 times the original price. The iPod Touch , a touchscreen device with the media and internet abilities and interface of the iPhone but without the ability to connect to a cellular network for phone functions or internet access, was released on September 5, 2007. At the same time, Apple significantly dropped the price of

608-533: The Americans, but France and a few others held out for a shorter cell length of 32 bytes. A 53-byte size (48 bytes plus 5 byte header) was the compromise chosen. An example described as naming by committee was a school near Liverpool formed by the merger of several other schools: it was officially named the "Knowsley Park Centre for Learning, Serving Prescot , Whiston and the Wider Community" in 2009, listing as

646-655: The European market started in November 2007, first in Germany, followed by Britain and then France. Reports suggested that these launches were met with less enthusiasm. In France it was sold by Orange for 649 euros. The iPhone was released in Austria and the Republic of Ireland on March 13, 2008. In Canada, Rogers Wireless announced in April 2008 that a deal was reached with Apple to bring

684-510: The Invention of the Year in 2007. UK-based Mobile Gazette wrote that "Although it has many good points, the list of bad points is equally impressive." It also added "Although the iPhone sold well in the US, when it finally hit Europe sales were not as high as expected, to an extent because European consumers could understand the drawbacks due to a more competitive marketplace." The iPhone's back cover

722-647: The apps that would be available starting in iPhone OS version 2.0 , a free upgrade for iPhone users. On June 9, Apple announced the iPhone 3G , which began shipping July 11, with the original iPhone discontinued four days later. In its first week, Apple had sold 270,000 iPhones domestically. Apple sold the one millionth iPhone 74 days after the release. Apple reported in January 2008 that four million were sold. As of Q4 2007, strong iPhone sales put Apple no. 2 in U.S. smartphone vendors, behind Research In Motion and ahead of all Windows Mobile vendors. As of October 2007,

760-450: The broth " expresses the same idea. The term is also common in other fields of design such as graphic design, architecture or industrial design. In automotive design, this process is often blamed for unpopular or poorly designed cars. The term is commonly used in information and communications technology , especially when referring to the design of languages and technical standards, as demonstrated by USENET archives. An alleged example

798-473: The collaboration was estimated to have been $ 150 million over a thirty-month period. Apple rejected the " design by committee " approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1 , a largely unsuccessful collaboration with Motorola . Instead, Cingular Wireless gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house . The original iPhone was introduced by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007, in

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836-412: The device would require a triple layered capacitive multi-touch touch screen , a very new and advanced technology at the time. This helped with removing the physical keyboard and mouse . The same as was common at the time for tablet computers , human machine interfaces, and point of sale systems. Jobs recruited a group of Apple engineers to investigate the idea as a side project. When Jobs reviewed

874-445: The iPhone 8 GB model from $ 599 to $ 399 (still requiring a 2-year contract with AT&T) while discontinuing the $ 499 4 GB model. After receiving "hundreds of emails" upset about the price drop, Apple gave a $ 100 store credit to early adopters. A 16 GB model was released on February 5, 2008, for $ 499, the original launch price of the 4 GB model. Apple released an SDK on March 6, 2008, allowing developers to create

912-630: The iPhone to the Canadian market. The original iPhone was eventually not released in Canada in favor of the second-generation iPhone 3G . The iPhone's main competitors in both consumer and business markets were considered to be the LG Prada , LG Viewty , Samsung Ultra Smart F700 , Nokia N95 , Nokia E61i , Palm Treo 750 , Palm Centro , HTC Touch , Sony Ericsson W960 , Sony Ericsson C905 and BlackBerry . In July 2023, an unopened, first edition model of

950-410: The iPhone was coming. The iPhone was released in the United States on June 29, 2007, at the price of $ 499 for the 4 GB model and $ 599 for the 8 GB model, both requiring a 2-year contract. Thousands of people were reported to have waited outside Apple and AT&T retail stores days before the device's launch; many stores reported stock shortages within an hour of availability. Sales to

988-572: The iPhone was the fourth best-selling handset in the U.S., trailing the Motorola RAZR V3 , the LG Chocolate , and the LG VX8300 . Compared to the United States, European sales were "sluggish". Although Apple partners called its British weekend launch successful, The Register called it a "flop". According to an analyst, iPhone per-capita sales were one quarter that of the United States and it

1026-447: The iPhone, their primary criticisms being the relatively slow speed of the AT&;T 's 2.5G EDGE network and the phone's inability to connect using 3G services. The Wall Street Journal ' s technology columnist, Walt Mossberg, concluded that "despite some flaws and feature omissions, the iPhone is, on balance, a beautiful and breakthrough handheld computer." Time magazine named it

1064-456: The introduction of the iPod Touch in September 2007 included an iTunes Store app that was the first new app to be added to the system. iPhone OS 2 was released on July 11, 2008, at the same time as the release of the iPhone 3G , and introduced Apple's App Store supporting native third-party applications , Microsoft Exchange support, push e-mail , and other enhancements. iPhone OS 3

1102-606: The military all in one simple platform. This multi-interest approach has been pinpointed as largely responsible for its bloat, along with stacking too many new and unproven features into its design. Uneven progress across areas and unexpected challenges meant that major technical fixes and redesigns could halt the program's movement, requiring planes to be remedied even as they were being delivered. Apple Inc. reportedly uses remote controls designed by other companies with as many as 78 buttons as an example of design by committee when training employees. The Washington Post described

1140-460: The project leader decides on the design. The difference is that in an autocratic style, members of the organizations are not included and the final outcome is the responsibility of the leader. The phrase, "a camel is a horse designed by committee" is often used to describe design by committee. The term is especially common in technical parlance; and stresses the need for technical quality over political feasibility. The proverb " too many cooks spoil

1178-530: The prototype and its user interface , he saw the potential in developing the concept into a mobile phone to compete with already established brands in the then emerging market for touch screen phones. The whole effort was called Project Purple 2 and began in 2005. Apple purchased the "iphone.org" domain in December 1999. Apple created the device during a secretive and unprecedented collaboration with Cingular Wireless , now part of AT&T . The development cost of

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1216-423: The time of its unveiling in January, Steve Jobs claimed: "iPhone runs OS X" and runs "desktop-class applications", but at the time of the iPhone's release, the operating system was renamed "iPhone OS". The original iPhone supported three major versions of the operating system before it was discontinued: iPhone OS 1 , 2 , and 3 . The last update the original iPhone received was iPhone OS 3.1.3, as iPhone OS 3.2

1254-444: The time. By integrating existing technology and expanding on usability , the iPhone turned the smartphone industry "on its head". In 2000, Apple CEO Steve Jobs envisioned an Apple touchscreen product that the user could interact with directly with their fingers rather than using a stylus. The stylus was a common tool for many existing touchscreen devices at the time including Apple's own Newton , launched in 1993. He decided that

1292-451: The world's most profitable companies . The introduction of the App Store allowed established companies and startup developers to build careers and earn money, via the platform, while providing consumers with new ways to access information and connect with other people. The iPhone largely appealed to the general public, as opposed to the business community BlackBerry and IBM focused on at

1330-705: Was intended for the iPad . The original operating system for the original iPhone, iPhone OS 1 , featured Visual Voicemail , multi-touch gestures, HTML email , Apple's Safari web browser, threaded text messaging , an " iPod " music and video player app, a dedicated YouTube app and a Maps app powered by Google Maps . It also included basic Phone/contacts, Calendar, Photos, Stocks, Weather, Clock, Calculator, Notes, and Settings apps. However, many features like MMS , apps , and copy and paste were not supported at release, leading hackers to jailbreak their phones to add these features. Software updates from Apple gradually added these functions. A v1.1 update alongside

1368-506: Was released on June 17, 2009, alongside the iPhone 3GS , and introduced a copy and paste functionality, Spotlight search for the home screen , and new features for the YouTube app. iPhone OS 3 was available for the original iPhone as well as the iPhone 3G and 3GS. However, not all features of iPhone OS 3 (such as MMS in the Messages app) were supported on the original iPhone. iPhone OS 3.1.3

1406-671: Was reportedly outsold by LG Viewty . In France, the device had reportedly sold 30,000 units in its first week, which was three times as many that were sold in Germany numbering 10,000. The original iPhone was discontinued on July 15, 2008; total sales volume came to 6,124,000 units. The original iPhone received largely positive reviews. Only four writers were given review models of the original iPhone: David Pogue of The New York Times , Walt Mossberg of The Wall Street Journal , Steven Levy of Newsweek , and Ed Baig of USA Today . The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal published positive, but cautious, reviews of

1444-582: Was the last version of iPhone OS (now iOS ) to be released for the phone in February 2010, which never got the full iPhone OS 3 feature set because iPhone OS 3.2 was intended for the iPad . Almost all apps released after the release of iOS 6 in late September 2012 do not run on the original iPhone, as the software development kit (SDK) was changed to no longer allow the "targeting" (minimum) of iOS versions older than 4.3 (including 3.x), or ARMv6 devices (first two generations). Design by committee The term

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