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69-403: In a backyard is a doghouse labeled "Killer" with the dog ( Spike ) inside. Tom pokes his head over the wall and spots Toodles in the window. Tom has brought a string instrument (which appears to be a hybrid of a double bass and a cello ). He leaps over the fence and neutralizes Spike by whistling at him and hitting him on the head with a mallet and tying him up. Tom then uses the cello like

138-406: A Charles Boyer voice, thinking it's Toodles (through archive lines from The Zoot Cat ), but stops his speech abruptly when he sees the female cat dumbstruck. Realizing his mistake, he slams Spike's head onto the ground. Tom hides from Spike's rampage until Jerry walks around the corner; he chases Jerry into Spike's house, closing the door with a maniacal laugh and Dracula leer. A second later,

207-401: A pie which he then hurls at Tom through an open window; the cat is angered, but continues with a few more bars. Seconds later, he is hit in the face again – this time with a pie covered in whipped cream . Spotting Jerry, Tom chases him through the house. Both animals dive off an ironing board ; with Jerry ahead of Tom, Jerry drains the kitchen sink he landed in, leaving Tom to crash into

276-404: A pogo stick to jump his way over to the window, stopping to flick Spike's nose along the way. Tom performs " Is You Is or Is You Ain't My Baby " to Toodles, which wakes Jerry , who was sleeping inside his mousehole (located in a mail box). Annoyed by the sounds, he pokes out of the mail slot and spots Tom playing the instrument. He goes back to his bed and covers himself with the pillow, however

345-416: A tree trunk . Tom then barely avoids getting his tail bitten and hides behind a wall, holding a brick up ready to attack. Spike sees the brick and investigates, but gets knocked on the head with it. Jerry revives Spike by hitting him with a wooden plank on his rear end. After slamming Spike, Spike leaps high in the air screaming in pain just as Jerry hands off the board to Tom, framing the cat. Knowing he

414-408: A Tourte, the screw mechanism becomes standard, and more sticks are made from pernambuco, rather than the earlier snakewood, ironwood, and china wood, which were often fluted for a portion of the length of the stick. Fine makers of these Transitional models were Duchaîne, La Fleur, Meauchand, Tourte père , and Edward Dodd . The underlying reasons for the change from the old Corelli-Tartini model to

483-570: A big steak, symbolised when Spike tears the truce contract to shreds and they go back to fighting again after Tom accidentally threw the steak into the sewer drain. From the 1944 cartoon The Bodyguard to 1948 cartoon Heavenly Puss , he was voiced by Billy Bletcher . His first name is Bulldog in Dog Trouble , His name also varies in some shorts: in Puttin' on the Dog , Solid Serenade and Cat Fishin' he

552-448: A bow is "arco", from the Latin word "arcus", meaning bow. Therefore, to play arco is to play with a bow. In modern practice, the bow is almost always held in the right hand while the left is used for fingering . When the player pulls the bow across the strings (such that the frog moves away from the instrument), it is called a down-bow ; pushing the bow so the frog moves toward the instrument

621-621: A bow, described by David Boyden, is part of the Ansley Salz Collection at the University of California at Berkeley. It was made around 1700, and is attributed to Stradivari. Towards the middle of the century (18th century), there was a move into the Transitional period, the separation of hair from stick became greater, particularly at the head. This greater separation is necessary because the stick becomes longer and straighter, approaching

690-522: A broken ivory plate on the tip, can lead to ruining the bow. In vernacular speech, the bow is occasionally called a fiddlestick . Bows for particular instruments are often designated as such: violin bow , cello bow , and so on. Recently, bass and cello bows have been used on certain percussion instruments as an extended technique . This technique is most commonly used on instruments made of metal , particularly, vibraphone , crotales , and cymbals . As these instruments are usually struck with

759-516: A comparatively recent period. The Chinese yazheng is a zither played with a bow. The earliest Chinese source of the pipe zither yazheng , bowed with a stick, is from the 8th century. The use of rubbing sticks in Central Asia seems to be older. Presumably this playing technique was first used in lutes in Sogdiana around the 6th century, from where it reached China . Eric Halfpenny, writing in

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828-742: A concave shape. Up until the advent of the bow by Tourte, there was absolutely no standardization of bow features during this Transitional period, and every bow was different in weight, length and balance. In particular, the heads varied enormously by any given maker. Another transitional type of bow may be called the Cramer bow, after the violinist Wilhelm Cramer (1746–99) who lived the early part of his life in Mannheim (Germany) and, after 1772, in London. This bow and models comparable to it in Paris, generally prevailed between

897-444: A few weaknesses that Tom tries to capitalize upon: his possessiveness about his bone and his ticklishness. Spike's fiercest behavior is reserved for anyone who interferes with Tyke, but also, Spike's generally well-intentioned brain is at times easily outwitted by Tom and/or Jerry. Jerry also arranges to get Tom in trouble with Spike, provoking a chase, and/or a pounding from the bulldog, and Spike will keep Tom's attention off Jerry for

966-475: A girlfriend for Tyke). He had also made a cameo in the 1967 MGM Animation/Visual Arts production Matinee Mouse , which reused footage from Love that Pup and The Truce Hurts , and added some new animation in the final punchline. Spike would continue to appear in Tom and Jerry full-length features released in the early 2000s and finally, Tom and Jerry Tales . Spike and his son Tyke also appear as regulars in

1035-442: A hard, sticky substance made from resin (sometimes mixed with wax ), is regularly applied to the bow hair to increase friction. In making a wooden bow, the greater part of the woodworking is done on a straight stick. According to James McKean, "the bow maker graduates the stick in precise gradations so that it is evenly flexible throughout". These gradations were originally calculated by François Tourte , discussed below. To shape

1104-466: A long series of comic book stories in Dell Publishing 's Tom and Jerry Comics , starting with #79 (Feb 1951) until #215 (May 1963). They also appeared in three issues of Dell's Four Color series between 1953 and 1955, (#499, 577, and 638). Their own title thusly started at #4. "M.G.M.'s Spike and Tyke" ran until issue #24, and then there was a final Four Color issue, #1266. Unlike their portrayal in

1173-522: A rosin-dusted finger, producing a brief continuous sound, thus inspiring them to restring their bow with horsehair, leading to the earliest example of the bow) However the bow was invented, it spread quickly and widely. The Central Asian horse peoples occupied a territory that included the Silk Road , along which merchants and travelers transported goods and innovations rapidly for thousands of miles (including, via India, by sea to Java). This would account for

1242-871: A rosined stick, which creates friction against the strings without any horsehair. The hurdy-gurdy 's strings are similarly set into vibration by means of a "rosin wheel," a wooden wheel that contacts the strings as it is rotated by means of a crank handle, creating a "bowed" tone. In the 20th century, violinists and cellists used a so-called Curved Bow to enable polyphonic sounds on string instruments. Renowned string instrumentalists such as Emil Telmányi , Rudolf Gaehler , Tossy Spivakovsky , Lorin Maazel , Michael Bach , Gustav Rivinius , Janos Starker and Mstislav Rostropovich , as well as composers such as John Cage , Dieter Schnebel , Walter Zimmermann, Hans Zender and Michael Bach Bachtischa have dealt with this innovation in string instrument playing. Careful owners always loosen

1311-415: A straight stick cambered only by the fixed tension of the synthetic hair. Slightly different bows, varying in weight and length, are used for the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. These are generally variations on the same basic design. However, bassists use two distinct forms of the double bass bow. The "French" overhand bow is constructed like the bow used with other bowed orchestral instruments, and

1380-463: A stringed instrument has led to many important historical and regional developments in music, as well as the variety of instruments used. Pictorial and sculptural evidence from early Egyptian, Indian, Hellenic, and Anatolian civilizations indicate that plucked stringed instruments existed long before the technique of bowing developed. In spite of the ancient origins of the bow and arrow, it would appear that bowed string instruments only developed during

1449-493: A thick New Yorker accent similar to Jimmy Durante 's. After Dog Trouble , Spike appeared as a solo guest in Tom and Jerry cartoons for the next several years; his son Tyke was introduced in 1949, with Love That Pup . Tyke is a sweet, happy and innocent puppy, who doesn't speak for most of the earlier installments. Spike and Tyke's characters, provide a model of father and son behavior, with Spike spending much of his free time taking Tyke on father-son outings, teaching him

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1518-603: A while. Several stories also have Jerry taking advantage of Spike and Tyke's size and proximity, as he often tries to hide or sleep with or near Spike and Tyke for protection. In his early appearance, Dog Trouble , Spike as an unnamed Bulldog is the main antagonist, chasing and attacking both Tom and Jerry on sight, even trying to eat Jerry, which forced the two to work together to defeat him. However, in his first appearance The Bodyguard , after Jerry willingly saved him from being poached, he became Jerry's protector whenever needed. In all subsequent shorts, Spike becomes typecast as

1587-440: A wider ribbon, using more hairs. There is a widely held belief among string players, neither proven nor disproven scientifically, that white hair produces a "smoother" sound and black hair (used mainly for double bass bows) is coarser and thus produces a "rougher" sound. Lower quality (inexpensive) bows often use nylon or synthetic hair, and some use bleached horse hair to give the appearance of higher quality. Rosin , or colophony ,

1656-417: Is an up-bow (the directions "down" and "up" are literally descriptive for violins and violas and are employed in analogous fashion for the cello and double bass). Two consecutive notes played in the same bow direction are referred to as a hooked bow; a down-bow following a whole down-bow is called a retake . Generally, the player uses down-bow for strong musical beats and up-bow for weak beats. However, this

1725-492: Is defending his son Tyke. Spike made his early appearance as an unnamed Bulldog in the 1942 Tom and Jerry cartoon Dog Trouble , and his first appearance and his first speaking role was in The Bodyguard (1944), where he was voiced by Billy Bletcher . Spike was voiced by Bletcher until 1949, from which point he was voiced by Patrick McGeehan , Jerry Mann, Bob Shamrock, John Brown , Stan Freberg , and Daws Butler , with

1794-416: Is in trouble, Tom tricks Spike into believing the board is a stick by playing "fetch". Spike obliges and fetches but then realizes he's been tricked . Tom and Spike then begin a back and forth chase with Toodles Galore watching on. Tom stops periodically to kiss the cat. Catching on to this habit, Spike blocks Tom from kissing Toodles on the third pass. Tom does not realize he is being tricked and woos Spike in

1863-484: Is lower down on the stick, the hair more yielding, and the ribbon of hair narrower—about 6 mm wide. In the early bow (the Baroque bow), the natural bow stroke is a non-legato norm, producing what Leopold Mozart called a "small softness" at the beginning and end of each stroke. A lighter, clearer sound is produced, and quick notes are cleanly articulated without the hair leaving the string. A truly great example of such

1932-419: Is named Spike from then on and is not changed again. When Tyke is introduced, Spike is given a softer approach (mainly towards his son) and is kinder and less aggressive, but is still portrayed as a dumb animal on more than one occasion. Spike's love and affection towards Tyke becomes Jerry's newest weapon against Tom, as his strategy goes from luring Tom towards Spike to inflicting harm on Tyke, and even when it

2001-637: Is named "Killer", and in The Truce Hurts he signs his name "Butch" on the treaty peace paper. He is also a Devil Dog in Heavenly Puss . In Tom's later attempts to catch Jerry, he has to deal with Spike for bothering his son. In 1949's Love That Pup , Spike was given a puppy son, Tyke, who became another popular supporting character in the Tom and Jerry cartoons. His voice was taken over by Daws Butler , who styled Spike's voice after Jimmy Durante taking after his 1940s radio series with Garry Moore . He

2070-517: Is not responsible, as seen in The Invisible Mouse , Spike still blames Tom and hurts him instead of Jerry. Only on one occasion does Jerry fail to frame Tom, in Hic-Cup Pup where Tom unintentionally cures Spike and Tyke's hiccups, and Spike shakes Tom's hand. Spike, however, is not without a softer and sympathetic side: in the episode Pet Peeve , after believing that Tom is willing to leave

2139-515: Is now an endangered species whose export is regulated by international treaty, so makers are currently adopting other materials: woods such as Ipê ( Tabebuia ) and synthetic materials, such as carbon fiber epoxy composite and fiberglass . For the frog , which holds and adjusts the near end of the horsehair, ebony is most often used, but other materials, often decorative, were used as well, such as ivory and tortoiseshell . Materials such as mother of pearl or abalone shell are often used on

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2208-557: Is now the city of Kurbanshaid in Tajikistan . Circumstantial evidence also supports the Central Asian theory. All the elements that were necessary for the invention of the bow were probably present among the Central Asian horse riding peoples at the same time: (From this information it can be seen that the invention of the bow originates from a Mongol warrior, having just used rosin on his equipment, idly stroking his harp or lyre with

2277-543: Is perfectly obvious that Jerry is responsible and not Tom, as seen in Love That Pup . Spike fails to notice this and still blames Tom (although this can be partially due to Spike's dislike of Tom). A short-lived Spike and Tyke cartoon series was produced by MGM in 1957; only two entries were completed. Within a year, the MGM cartoon studio had shut down, and Hanna and Barbera took Spike and Tyke and retooled them to create one of

2346-427: Is reversed in the viola da gamba —players of violin family instruments look like they are "pulling" on the strong beats, where gamba players look like they are "stabbing" on the strong beats. The difference may result from the different ways player hold the bow in these instrument families: violin/viola/cello players hold the wood part of the bow closer to the palm, whereas gamba players use the opposite orientation, with

2415-501: The Tom and Jerry animated film series, created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera . Spike (who goes by different names in a few episodes - Killer for four episodes, Butch for two episodes, and Bulldog for one) is portrayed as an English Bulldog , who is generally amiable and friendly, and a loving father to his son Tyke in several episodes. However, Spike's character also has a very stern and fierce side for occasions, such as when he

2484-551: The University of South Dakota in Vermillion, South Dakota . The Rawlins Gallery violin bow, NMM 4882, is attributed to the workshop of Antonio Stradivari , Cremona, c. 1700. This bow is one of two bows (the other in a private collection) attributed to the workshop of Antonio Stradivari. The Chinese yazheng , yaqin , Korean ajaeng and Ryukyu teisō ( nihongo : 提箏, hiragana : ていそう) zither are generally played by "bowing" with

2553-401: The crockery . Tom follows Jerry through the open window, but Jerry pulls the window stop out of the window, which falls on Tom's neck, and Tom shrieks in pain. Jerry then runs out and unties Spike, who lets out a loud bull roar. Spike swaps his regular teeth for larger ones , blows off some pent-up steam, and goes after Tom. Tom ducks as Spike's teeth come at him, which instead get lodged in

2622-484: The fingerboard "). Occasionally, composers ask the player to use the bow by touching the strings with the wood rather than the hair; this is known by the Italian phrase col legno ("with the wood"). Coll'arco ("with the bow") is the indication to use the bow hair to create the sound in the normal way. The question of when and where the bow was invented is of interest because the technique of using it to produce sound on

2691-404: The rebec , lyra and violin . The kind of bow in use today was brought into its modern form largely by the bow maker François Tourte in 19th-century France. Pernambuco wood, which was imported into France to make textile dye, was found by the early French bow masters to have just the right combination of strength, resiliency, weight, and beauty. According to James McKean, Tourte's bows, "like

2760-405: The sound waves from the instrument shake Jerry's mousehole, causing Jerry to fall out of bed (while still trying to cover his ears) and vibrate his way under a table, meanwhile a flower pot is vibrated across the table directly above Jerry's head and falls on him when both reach the edge of the table. Outside, Tom uses the instrument as a bow to shoot himself to Spike, who is still tied up, tortures

2829-417: The violin , viola , cello , and bass , although some bows are used with musical saws and other bowed idiophones . A bow consists of a specially shaped stick with other material forming a ribbon stretched between its ends, which is used to stroke the string and create sound. Different musical cultures have adopted various designs for the bow. For instance, in some bows a single cord is stretched between

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2898-614: The 1988 Encyclopædia Britannica , says, "bowing can be traced as far back as the Islamic civilization of the 10th century ... it seems likely that the principle of bowing originated among the nomadic horse riding cultures of Central Asia, whence it spread quickly through Islam and the East, so that by 1000 it had almost simultaneously reached China, Java, North Africa, the Near East and Balkans, and Europe." Halfpenny notes that in many Eurasian languages

2967-469: The Cramer and, finally, to the Tourte were naturally related to musical demands on the part of composers and violinists. Undoubtedly the emphasis on cantabile , especially the long drawn out and evenly sustained phrase, required a generally longer bow and also a somewhat wider ribbon of hair. These new bows were ideal to fill the new, very large concert halls with sound and worked great with the late classical and

3036-518: The above. The Truce Hurts (1948), Pet Peeve (1954) and Hic-Cup Pup (1954) are so far the only cartoons where Spike actually cares about and shows affection for Tom; these relationships often dissolve and usually end with them fighting. Tom does not usually antagonize Spike intentionally, but Spike often ends up in the middle of a Tom and Jerry chase, (as they are all seemingly living together) which ends up waking Spike up, ruining his new dog house, wrecking his and Tyke's picnic, and so on. Spike has

3105-564: The bassist holds the stick from opposite the frog. The "German" underhand bow is broader and longer than the French bow, with a larger frog curved to fit the palm of the hand. The bassist holds the German stick with the hand loosely encompassing the frog. The German bow is the older of the two designs, having superseded the earlier arched bow. The French bow became popular with its adoption in the 19th century by virtuoso Giovanni Bottesini . Both are found in

3174-465: The cartoons, both characters spoke in the comic book stories. Bow (music) In music , a bow ( / b oʊ / ) is a tensioned stick which has hair (usually horse-tail hair) coated in rosin (to facilitate friction ) affixed to it. It is moved across some part (generally some type of strings) of a musical instrument to cause vibration , which the instrument emits as sound . The vast majority of bows are used with string instruments , such as

3243-460: The curve or "camber" of the bow stick, the maker carefully heats the stick in an alcohol flame, a few inches at a time, bending the heated stick gradually—using a metal or wooden template to get the model's exact curve and shape. The art of making wooden bows has changed little since the 19th century. Most modern composite sticks roughly resemble the Tourte design. Various inventors have explored new ways of bow-making. The Incredibow, for example, has

3312-441: The dog by plucking its mouth, and runs back to the string instrument. The camera goes back inside Jerry's mousehole, whose stuff is messed up and broken by the vibration. Jerry continues being moved to under the mail hole's lid right before a match holding it falls, making the lid slam Jerry. Having had enough, Jerry throws off his nightcap , goes out of the mousehole to the kitchen and decides to get revenge by stuffing an iron into

3381-418: The door opens and Jerry emerges with Spike helping him out of the doghouse, Spike then does exactly the same Tom did as he withdraws inside. The entire dog house thrashes about as Spike beats up Tom, who attempts to flee only to be snatched by Spike. Tom manages to write his last will before he's wrenched back in and beaten to within an inch of his life. In the end, Tom becomes part of his instrument in place of

3450-507: The ends of the stick. In the Western tradition of bow making —bows for the instruments of the violin and viol families—a hank of horsehair is normally employed. The manufacture of bows is considered a demanding craft, and well-made bows command high prices. Part of the bow maker's skill is the ability to choose high quality material for the stick. Historically, Western bows have been made of pernambuco wood from Brazil. However, pernambuco

3519-436: The facts of life for dogs and guarding him diligently when they are sleeping. In Tom and Jerry Kids , Tyke has a speaking role for the first time, aside from traditional dog noises he expressed in the prior films. Spike's relationships with Tom and Jerry have varied from time to time, but essentially Spike has little affection for Tom Cat, who seems to always be disrupting his life, causing trouble, antagonizing Tyke or all of

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3588-463: The first television successes for Hanna-Barbera Productions , Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy . Spike and Tyke would not appear in new Tom and Jerry cartoons, until the 1970s The Tom and Jerry Show , the 1980s The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show , and 1990s Tom & Jerry Kids (in which Tom and Jerry themselves were made younger, but Spike and Tyke remained the same ages, and appeared both with Tom and Jerry, and in new episodes of their own with

3657-407: The frog is the grip , which is made of a wire, silk, or " whalebone " wrap and a thumb cushion made of leather or snakeskin . The tip plate of the bow may be made of bone, ivory, mammoth ivory , or metal, such as silver . A bow maker or archetier typically uses between 150 and 200 hairs from the tail of a horse for a violin bow. Bows for other members of the violin family typically have

3726-574: The gradual demise of the Corelli-Tartini model and the birth of the Tourte—that is, roughly 1750 until 1785. In the view of top experts, the Cramer bow represents a decisive step towards the modern bow. The Cramer bow and others like it were gradually rendered obsolete by the advent of François Tourte 's standardized bow. The hair (on the Cramer bow) is wider than the Corelli model but still narrower than

3795-467: The hair on a bow before putting it away. James McKean recommends that the owner "loosen the hair completely, then bring it back just a single turn of the button." The goal is to "keep the hair even but allow the bow to relax." Over-tightening the bow, however, can also be damaging to the stick and cause it to break. Since hairs may break in service, bows must be periodically rehaired, an operation usually performed by professional bow makers rather than by

3864-441: The horsehair closer. The orientation appropriate to each instrument family permits the stronger wrist muscles (flexors) to reinforce the strong beat. String players control their tone quality by touching the bow to the strings at varying distances from the bridge , emphasizing the higher harmonics by playing sul ponticello ("on the bridge"), or reducing them, and so emphasizing the fundamental frequency, by playing sul tasto ("on

3933-526: The house in Spike's favour, Spike feels sorry for him to the point that he offers to leave instead, which Spike does until he realises that Tom is only using reverse psychology to trick him into leaving. In The Truce Hurts , Spike is portrayed as a very intelligent and equilibrated character when he convinces Tom and Jerry to stop the fighting among the three of them and sign a Peace Treaty, but their newfound friendship comes to an end when they argue over how to share

4002-402: The instrument owner. Bows sometimes lose their correct camber (see above ), and are recambered using the same heating method as is used in the original manufacture. Lastly, the grip or winding of the bow must occasionally be replaced to maintain a good grip and protect the wood. These repairs are usually left to professionals, as the head of the bow is extremely fragile, and a poor rehair, or

4071-447: The instruments of Stradivari , are still considered to be without equal." The early 18th-century bow referred to as the Corelli-Tartini model is also referred to as the Italian 'sonata' bow. This basic Baroque bow supplanted by 1725 an earlier French dance bow that was short with a little point. The French dance bow was held with the thumb under the hair and played with short, quick strokes for rhythmic dance music. The Italian sonata bow

4140-533: The near-simultaneous appearance of the musical bow in the many locations cited by Halfpenny. The Arabic rabāb is a type of a bowed string instrument so named no later than the 8th century and spread via Islamic trading routes over much of North Africa , the Middle East , parts of Europe , and the Far East . It is the earliest known bowed instrument , and the ancestor of all European bowed instruments, including

4209-622: The new romantic repertoire. Today, with the rise of the historically informed performance movement, string players have developed a revived interest in the lighter, pre-Tourte bow, as more suitable for playing stringed instruments made in pre-19th-century style. A Stradivari bow, The King Charles IV Violin Bow attributed to the Stradivari Workshop, is currently in the collection of the National Music Museum Object number: 04882, at

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4278-465: The orchestra, though typically an individual bass player prefers to perform using one or the other type of bow. The characteristic long, sustained, and singing sound produced by the violin, viola, violoncello, and double bass is due to the drawing of the bow against their strings. This sustaining of musical sound with a bow is comparable to a singer using breath to sustain sounds and sing long, smooth, or legato melodies. The term used for playing with

4347-477: The recent reboot series . Spike made an appearance in the 2021 film, Tom & Jerry under the ownership of Ben. He was voiced by Bobby Cannavale . Spike and Tyke made frequent appearances in the second Tom and Jerry daily newspaper strip, which was distributed by Editors Press Service from about 1974 until 1998. The strip was produced in the US, but only appeared in foreign newspapers. Spike and Tyke starred in

4416-462: The slide that covers the mortise , as well as in round decorative "eyes" inlaid on the side surfaces. Sometimes "Parisian eyes" are used, with the circle of shell surrounded by a metal ring. The metal parts of the frog, or mountings, may be used by the maker to mark various grades of bow, ordinary bows being mounted with nickel silver , better bows with silver , and the finest being gold -mounted. (Not all makers adhere uniformly to this practice.) Near

4485-430: The stereotypical dumb brute who is always duped into becoming a shield for Jerry from Tom. It is only in two episodes where Jerry gets Spike out of a jam and the dog willingly protects him from Tom in well-earned gratitude ( The Bodyguard and Fit to Be Tied ). On most occasions, Jerry causes trouble for Tom by luring him near Spike and harming him to get him angry, and in some cartoons when it's perfectly obvious that Tom

4554-413: The strings with Spike strumming the cat's tail while Jerry bows a dramatic ostinato on Tom's whiskers and Toodles watches. The short was included on several DVDs: Tom and Jerry's Greatest Chases , Vol. 1; Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection Vol. 1, Disc One; and Tom and Jerry Golden Collection Volume One, Disc Two. Animation historian Michael Barrier wrote that Tom's appearance stabilized by

4623-470: The time of Solid Serenade , giving him a more streamlined and less inconsistent look. Jerry, whose appearance was already economical, only became cuter, according to Barrier. Describing music director Scott Bradley's work, academic Daniel Ira Goldmark called Solid Serenade "an excellent overview of Bradley's techniques", as it uses both popular songs and an original score. Spike and Tyke (characters) Spike and Tyke are fictional characters from

4692-521: The word for "bridge" etymologically means "horse," and that the Chinese regarded their own bowed instruments ( huqin ) as having originated with the "barbarians" of Central Asia. The Central Asian theory is endorsed by Werner Bachmann, writing in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians . Bachmann notes evidence from a 10th-century Central Asian wall painting for bowed instruments in what

4761-412: Was longer, from 24 to 28 inches (61–71 cm.), with a straight or slightly convex stick. The head is described as a pike's head, and the frog is either fixed (the clip-in bow) or has a screw mechanism. The screw is an early improvement, indicative of further changes to come. As compared to a modern Tourte-style bow, the Corelli-Tartini model is shorter and lighter, especially at the tip, the balance point

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