Sol Stetin (April 2, 1910 – May 21, 2005) was a Polish-born American labor union leader.
28-506: Born in Pabianice , now in Poland, when Stetin was 10, he and his family emigrated to Paterson, New Jersey . He left school in the ninth grade, becoming an amateur boxer, and a semi-professional basketball player, despite being only 5 feet 4 inches tall. In 1930, Stetin began working as a dyer, soon joining a union, and taking part in the major textile strike of 1934 . By the end of the decade, he
56-532: A Pomeranian vassal . As a result, Poland entered a period of feudal fragmentation that lasted for over 200 years. During the first half of the 13th century, the Silesian Piasts attempted to restore the kingdom. Henry the Bearded undertook efforts to reunite the fragmented duchies through a combination of political maneuvering and conquest. He also undertook efforts towards the coronation of his son, Henry II
84-505: A local transit camp and the nearby Radogoszcz concentration camp , and then either deported to other concentration camps or mostly murdered in nearby forests. Local Polish teachers and activists were murdered by the Germans during large massacres in the nearby Łagiewniki forest (within today's city limits of Łódź) in November and December 1939. The Germans also expelled around 1,000 Poles from
112-461: A response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . Kingdom of Poland (1025%E2%80%931385) The Kingdom of Poland ( Polish : Królestwo Polskie ; Latin : Regnum Poloniae ) was a monarchy in Central Europe during the medieval period from 1025 until 1385. The West Slavic tribe of Polans who lived in what is today the historic region of Greater Poland , gave rise to a state in
140-567: A result of the upheavals, the kingdom suffered territorial losses and was effectively reduced to a duchy. Casimir I the Restorer managed to reunite parts of the kingdom following the crisis and moved the capital to Kraków . However, he failed to reinstitute the monarchy due to opposition from the Holy Roman Emperor . In 1076, Bolesław II the Bold , with the support of Pope Gregory VII , regained
168-587: A substantial Jewish population, comprising about a quarter of all residents of the town. Jews had been living in the town since the 1700s. Following the German invasion of Poland , which started World War II in September 1939, the town was under German occupation . As part of the Intelligenzaktion , in late 1939, the Germans carried out mass arrests of local Polish intelligentsia , who were initially imprisoned in
196-554: Is Sol Stetin Wing of the Labor Education Center at Rutgers. Pabianice Pabianice [pabʲaˈɲit͡sɛ] is a city in central Poland with 63,023 inhabitants (2021). Situated in the Łódź Voivodeship , it is the capital of Pabianice County . It lies about 10 kilometres (6 miles) southwest of Łódź and belongs to the metropolitan area of that city. It is the third largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship by population. The area of
224-449: Is on the level of 15,6% Centrum, Bugaj, Piaski, Stare Miasto, Karniszewice, Klimkowizna, Jutrzkowice, Wola Zaradzyńska Nowa, J. Salwy, Marii Konopnickiej, Jana Pawła II, Mikołaja Kopernika, Dąbrowa, Rypułtowice, Czyryczyn (formerly Sereczyn), Karolew, Zatorze. Pabianice is twinned with: Former twin towns: In March 2022, Pabianice ended its partnership with the Russian city of Gusev as
252-616: The American Labor Museum , in Haledon, New Jersey . In 2001, he moved to St. Louis , where he joined the St. Louis Worker Rights Board, and the local Jobs With Justice chapter. His last involvement in a labor dispute came when he attended a rally at the age of 95, a month before his death. The Sol Stetin Award, for labor leaders who have contributed to workers' advancement, is named in his honor, as
280-548: The Union of Krewo in 1385. The agreement also heralded a change in the legal status of the Polish realm to that of a Crown of the Kingdom of Poland , which was a political concept that assumed unbroken unity, indivisibility and continuity of the state. According to this concept, the Kingdom of Poland ceased to be the patrimonial property of a monarch or dynasty , and became a common good of
308-502: The cathedral in Gniezno and elevated the status of Poland from a duchy to a kingdom after receiving permission for his coronation from Pope John XIX . Following the death of Bolesław, his son Mieszko II Lambert inherited the crown and a vast territory after his father, which included Greater Poland (with Mazovia ), Lesser Poland , Silesia , Pomerania , Lusatia , Moravia , Red Ruthenia , and Upper Hungary . However, in 1031, he
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#1733092332437336-605: The Great , who expanded into Red Ruthenia. However, he had to renounce his claims to Silesia in order to secure peace with the Holy Roman Empire. Casimir III is the only Polish king to receive the title "Great", and his reign was marked by substantial developments in the kingdom's urban infrastructure, civic administration, and military strength. After his death on 5 November 1370, the rule of the Piast dynasty would come to an end. Following
364-613: The Pious , and negotiated with other Polish dukes and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II of Hohenstaufen , to this end. Henry II, continued his father's efforts, but the first Mongol invasion in 1241 and his death at the Battle of Legnica , abruptly ended the unification. Generally, most Polish scholars agree that if not for the Mongol invasions of Poland , the kingdom would have been restored in
392-660: The city centre. Public transport in Pabianice includes buses, trams (streetcars), as of 2013 commuter railway Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna and regional rail PKP Przewozy Regionalne . The regional rail and light rail is operated by Polish State Railways (PKP). There are also some suburban bus lines run by private operators. Bus service covers the entire city. Currently, the Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne (City Transport Company) company runs line number 41 which connects Pabianice with Łódź City. Pabianice
420-518: The city covers 32.9 square kilometres (12.7 sq mi), being the 10th largest in Łódź Voivodeship. According to data from 2009, agricultural land constitutes 53%, of the area and forests another 9%. The city covers 6.70% of Pabianice County. It is located in the Sieradz Land . Neighbour administrative divisions: gmina Dobroń , gmina Ksawerów , miasto Łódź , gmina Pabianice , gmina Rzgów. Pabianice has seen major infrastructural changes over
448-522: The death of Casimir III, who died without an heir, Louis I of Hungary from the House of Anjou became king in 1370. The period of his transitional rule also marked the rise of the nobility in the political life of the country. When Louis I died in 1382, his daughter Jadwiga took over the throne as King of Poland. Her advisors negotiated with Jogaila of Lithuania , concerning a potential marriage to Jadwiga. Jogaila pleaged to convert to Christianity and signed
476-628: The early 10th century, which would become the nascent predecessor of the Kingdom of Poland. Following the Christianization of Poland in 966, and the emergence of the Duchy of Poland during the rule of Mieszko I , his eldest son Bolesław I the Brave inherited his father's dukedom and subsequently was crowned as king. In 1025, Bolesław I the Brave of the Piast dynasty was crowned as the first King of Poland at
504-635: The margraviates of Brandenburg . After the killing of Przemysł II , next to take the title of king was Wenceslaus II of Bohemia from the Czech Přemyslid dynasty , who reigned until 1305. Following a vacancy that lasted until 1320, the Kingdom of Poland was fully restored under Władysław I the Elbow-High , who was crowned at the Wawel cathedral in Kraków , and then subsequently strengthened by his son Casimir III
532-561: The middle of the 13th century, under the Silesian Piast Dynasty. The next attempt to restore the monarchy and unify the Polish kingdom would occur in 1296, when Przemysł II was crowned as the King of Poland in Gniezno. The coronation did not require papal consent as the title of king was already instituted in 1025. However, his reign was short-lived, as he was murdered by assassins sent by
560-599: The past few years amidst increased investment and economic growth. The city has a much improved infrastructure with new roads. Pabianice now has a good circular road system. Pabianice bypass (express road S14) opened in May 2012. However, parts of S8 (part of the European route E67 ) are currently under construction and to be completed within 2012. Near Pabianice there is an international airport: Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport (IATA: LCJ, ICAO: EPLL) located just 11 kilometres (7 miles) from
588-412: The royal crown but was later excommunicated and banished from the kingdom in 1079 for murdering his opponent, Bishop Stanislaus of Szczepanów . In 1079, Władysław I Herman , who never pursued kingship took over the reins after the expulsion of Bolesław II. Władysław I was disinterested in becoming king and the country was effectively run by wojewoda Sieciech . In 1102, Bolesław III Wrymouth became
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#1733092332437616-472: The ruler of Poland. Unlike Władysław I, Bolesław III proved to be a capable leader who restored the full territorial integrity of Poland but ultimately was not able to obtain the royal crown due to continued opposition from the Holy Roman Empire . Upon his death in 1138, the country was divided between his sons into the duchies of Greater Poland , Lesser Poland , Masovia , Silesia , Sandomierz , and
644-501: The town in December 1939. Under German occupation nearly the entire Jewish population was murdered . Some were murdered in the town, several thousand were sent to the Chełmno extermination camp where they were immediately gassed, and others were expelled to Łódź and to forced labour camps in the area. Only about 150 survived of the 9,000 Jews thought to be living in Pabianice at the start of
672-579: The various textile unions, which was achieved in 1975, with the formation of the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union . He became the Senior Executive Vice President of the new union, accepting the less senior post in order to facilitate the merger. Stetin retired from the union in 1982. He taught labor studies at William Paterson College , and became labor leader in residence at Rutgers University . He also helped found
700-443: The war. For more on the wartime experience see Megargee. The German occupation ended in 1945. Recently, the population of Pabianice has been steadily decreasing. Between 2002 and 2016 it fell from 72,444 to 66,265 (a decrease of about 400 people every year). According to source data from 2009 average income per capita was on the level of 1844,96 PLN. According to source data from October 2011 average unemployment rate in Pabianice
728-520: Was active in the Textile Workers Union of America , serving as a shop steward , then as an organizer, and eventually the full-time director of the union's mid-Atlantic district. In 1968, Stetin was elected as secretary-treasurer of the union, then in 1972 as its president. He led a major campaign to unionize workers in the South, targeting J.P. Stevens in particular. He also championed a merger of
756-653: Was established in the 10th or 11th century, and was part of early Piast -ruled Poland . In 1297, Władysław I Łokietek granted town rights . Pabianice was a private church town , administratively located in the Szadek County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1555, Polish King Sigismund II Augustus issued a privilege , which established craft guilds in Pabianice. Before World War II , Pabianice had
784-579: Was forced to renounce the title and flee the country when a series of peasant uprisings broke out in what became known as the pagan reaction , and Yaroslav I the Wise , the Grand Prince of Kiev , invaded the country from the east while Mieszko II was in Lusatia fighting the Holy Roman Emperor, Condrad II . Yaroslav I installed his ally, the half-brother of Mieszko II, Duke Bezprym , as the ruler of Poland. However, as
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