Eramet is a French multinational mining and metallurgy company, listed on the Euronext Paris exchange under the symbol ERA .
12-558: The company produces non-ferrous metals and derivatives, nickel alloys and superalloys , and high-performance special steels . Through its subsidiary Société Le Nickel (SLN), the company has its historical roots in nickel mining, and for over 100 years has maintained a large mining operation in the French overseas territory of New Caledonia . It is also a major producer of manganese from mines in Gabon . Eramet's chairman and CEO as of 2017
24-534: A crucible . Gold, silver and copper replaced some of the functions of other resources, such as wood and stone, owing to their ability to be shaped into various forms for different uses. Due to their rarity, these gold, silver and copper artifacts were treated as luxury items and handled with great care. The use of copper also heralded the transition from the Stone Age to the Copper Age . The Bronze Age , which succeeded
36-667: The Board of Directors, which comprises nineteen members appointed for four years. The Executive Committee has eight members. Non-ferrous metals In metallurgy , non-ferrous metals are metals or alloys that do not contain iron ( allotropes of iron , ferrite , and so on) in appreciable amounts. Generally more costly than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium ), higher conductivity (e.g. copper ), non- magnetic properties or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc ). Some non-ferrous materials are also used in
48-507: The Copper Age, was again heralded by the invention of bronze , an alloy of copper with the non-ferrous metal tin . Non-ferrous metals are used in residential, commercial and industrial applications. Material selection for a mechanical or structural application requires some important considerations, including how easily the material can be shaped into a finished part and how its properties can be either intentionally or inadvertently altered in
60-566: The cast and wrought forms of the same metal or alloy. Dross Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten metal or dispersed in the metal, such as in wrought iron. It forms on the surface of low- melting-point metals such as tin , lead , zinc or aluminium or alloys by oxidation of the metal. For higher melting point metals and alloys such as steel and silver , oxidized impurities melt and float making them easy to pour off. With wrought iron , hammering and later rolling remove some dross. With tin and lead
72-415: The dross can be removed by adding sodium hydroxide pellets, which dissolve the oxides and form a slag . If floating, dross can also be skimmed off. Dross, as a solid, is distinguished from slag , which is a liquid. Dross product is not entirely waste material; for example, aluminium dross can be recycled and is also used in secondary steelmaking for slag deoxidation . The term dross derives from
84-470: The first metals used by humans for metallurgy. Gold, silver and copper existed in their native crystalline yet metallic form. These metals, though rare, could be found in quantities sufficient to attract the attention of humans. Less susceptible to oxygen than most other metals, they can be found even in weathered outcroppings. Copper was the first metal to be forged; it was soft enough to be fashioned into various objects by cold forging and could be melted in
96-909: The iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for blast furnaces , while others such as wolframite , pyrolusite , and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys. Important non-ferrous metals include aluminium, copper, lead , tin , titanium , and zinc, and alloys such as brass . Precious metals such as gold , silver , and platinum and exotic or rare metals such as mercury , tungsten , beryllium , bismuth , cerium , cadmium , niobium , indium , gallium , germanium , lithium , selenium , tantalum , tellurium , vanadium , and zirconium are also non-ferrous. They are usually obtained through minerals such as sulfides , carbonates , and silicates . Non-ferrous metals are usually refined through electrolysis . Due to their extensive use, non-ferrous scrap metals are usually recycled . The secondary materials in scrap are vital to
108-416: The metallurgy industry, as the production of new metals often needs them. Some recycling facilities re-smelt and recast non-ferrous materials; the dross is collected and stored onsite while the metal fumes are filtered and collected. Non-ferrous scrap metals are sourced from industrial scrap materials, particle emissions and obsolete technology (for example, copper cables ) scrap. Non-ferrous metals were
120-464: The process. Depending on the end use, metals can be simply cast into the finished part, or cast into an intermediate form, such as an ingot , then worked, or wrought, by rolling, forging , extruding, or other deformation process. Although the same operations are used with ferrous as well as nonferrous metals and alloys, the reaction of nonferrous metals to these forming processes is often more severe. Consequently, properties may differ considerably between
132-588: Was Christel Bories and its headquarters is in Paris . The company was founded with the funding of the Rothschild family (although they were careful to avoid being listed as founders of the company) in 1880. With discretion, the family took full control of the company in 1890. Between 1907 and 2007 the Aubert & Duval organization of Issoire France was owned by Eramet and formed part of its alloy division. The subsidiary
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#1732844424374144-445: Was purchased by a consortium of Airbus , Safran and Tikehau Capital . In 2023, a worldwide fall in nickel prices exacerbated shortfalls in SLN's balance sheets, with ERAMET and the French government refusing to subsidise SLN. Eramet is organised into three activities: Eramet’s 47 sites are divided across the five continents as follows: Christel Bories, Eramet’s CEO, is at the head of
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