26-507: The Social Alliance is a Bolivian political party founded on 9 October 2005. It was granted juridical personhood by the National Electoral Court on 22 December 2006. The party grew out of the successful 2004 campaign of leader René Joaquino Cabrera for mayor of Potosí . René Joaquino was the party's candidate in the 2009 presidential election, in which he placed fourth with 2.31% of the vote. The party elected two deputies to
52-468: A liberal era began that lasted until 1920. A system of public education developed, accompanied by moderate anticlericalism: Catholicism lost its status as the only religion recognized by the State in 1906 and civil marriage was adopted in 1911. Bolivian liberalism, however, clearly lost its progressive character to coexist with the interests of the new tin fortunes (the liberal era is sometimes also considered to be
78-538: A number of key reforms such as allowing President Evo Morales to stand for re-election, state control over natural gas and limits on the size of land people can own. Bolivia currently has twenty-one ministries in the executive branch. The heads of these ministries form the cabinet. The bicameral Plurinational Legislative Assembly consists of the Chamber of Senators (36 seats; members are elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms) and
104-402: A significant portion of national revenues to municipalities for discretionary use, has enabled previously neglected communities to make striking improvements in their facilities and services. The governing Movement for Socialism ( Movimiento al Socialismo , MAS) is a Left-wing, Socialist political party led by Evo Morales , founded in 1997. It has governed the country since 2006, following
130-449: A unitary secular state. The president is directly elected to a five-year term by popular vote. A candidate needs either an absolute majority or 40% and a 10-point lead to win the election. In the case that no candidate is elected in the first vote, a run-off vote elects the president from among the two candidates most voted in the first vote. Hugo Banzer was elected president in 1997. Although no candidate had received more than 50% of
156-638: Is a Bolivian judge who briefly served as the 64th president of Bolivia from 2005 to 2006 on an interim basis following the resignation of President Carlos Mesa during the 2005 political crisis . Prior to his temporary role as president, he was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Bolivia. Born in Cochabamba in 1956, Rodríguez is a lawyer and holds a master's degree in public administration. He studied at Colegio San Agustín ; later he studied law at
182-417: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bolivian political party The politics of Bolivia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is head of state , head of government and head of a diverse multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and
208-660: The Chamber of Deputies (130 seats; 70 are directly elected from their districts, 63 are elected by proportional representation from party lists, and 7 are elected by indigenous peoples of most departments, to serve five-year terms). The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court of Justice , the Plurinational Constitutional Court , the Judiciary Council, Agrarian and Environmental Court, and District (departmental) and lower courts. In October 2011, Bolivia held its first judicial elections to choose members of
234-635: The Plurinational Electoral Organ , is an independent branch of government which replaced the National Electoral Court in 2010. The branch consists of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal, the nine Departmental Electoral Tribunals, Electoral Judges, the anonymously selected Juries at Election Tables, and Electoral Notaries. Wilfredo Ovando presides over the seven-member Supreme Electoral Tribunal. Its operations are mandated by
260-995: The 2009 elections. Three political parties were dominant from 1982 to 2005: The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement which had carried out the 1952 Revolution; Revolutionary Left Movement ; and Nationalist Democratic Action founded in 1982 by former dictator and later elected President Hugo Banzer . Despite the revolutionary names of the first two, they generally pursued centrist economic policies. Other parties include: Some of Bolivia's social movements are: International organization participation: ALBA , CAN, CELAC , FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, ONUB, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG , UN, UNAMSIL, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO Eduardo Rodr%C3%ADguez (politician) Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé (born 2 March 1956)
286-787: The Administrative Decentralization law of 1995. Departmental autonomy further increased with the first popular elections for departmental governors, known as prefects, on 18 December 2005. Departments are governed by the elected governors (until 2010, prefects; and until 2005, appointed by the President) and by independently elected Departmental Legislative Assemblies (until 2010; Departmental Councils). Bolivian cities and towns are governed by directly elected mayors and councils. Municipal elections were last held on 4 April 2010, with both mayors councils elected to five-year terms. The Popular Participation Law of April 1994, which distributes
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#1733092675733312-682: The Chamber of Deputies of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly : Ángel David Cortés Villegas from Constituency 37 in Potosí department and Wilman Ramon Cardozo Surriabre from Constituency 48 in Tarija department. In the 2010 regional election, the party contested in 22 municipalities, winning the Mayor's office in just one, Potosí (again, René Joaquino). This article about a Bolivian political party
338-653: The Constitution and regulated by the Electoral Regime Law (Law 026, passed 2010). The Organ's first elections will be the country's first judicial election in October 2011 and five municipal special elections expected to be held in 2011. Bolivia is divided into nine departments (departamentos, singular – departamento); Chuquisaca , Cochabamba , Beni , La Paz , Oruro , Pando , Potosi , Santa Cruz , Tarija . Bolivia's nine departments received greater autonomy under
364-550: The Judiciary Council on 4 January 2012. The members of the Agro-environmental Court, elected in October 2011, are (in order of total votes received): Bernardo Huarachi, Deysi Villagómez, Gabriela Armijo Paz, Javier Peñafiel, Juan Ricardo Soto, Lucio Fuentes, and Yola Paucara. The elected alternate members are: Isabel Ortuño, Lidia Chipana, Mario Pacosillo, Katia López, Javier Aramayo, Miriam Pacheco, and Rommy Colque. The electoral branch of Bolivia's government, formally
390-562: The Morales administration, Rodriguez has been charged with treason following the decommissioning of missiles during his term in office. Bolivia bought about 30 HN-5 shoulder-launched missiles from China in 1993 or 1998. By 2005 they had become obsolete and Rodriguez made the decision to destroy them; he says he did not know the United States would be the ones to be given the missiles for destruction. Before taking office, Morales charged that
416-833: The Supreme Court of Justice, elected in October 2011, are: Maritza Suntura (La Paz Department), Jorge Isaac Von Borries Méndez (Santa Cruz), Rómulo Calle Mamani (Oruro), Pastor Segundo Mamani Villca (Potosí), Antonio Guido Campero Segovia (Tarija), Gonzalo Miguel Hurtado Zamorano (Beni), Fidel Marcos Tordoya Rivas (Cochabamba), Rita Susana Nava (Tarija), and Norka Natalia Mercado Guzmán (Pando). The elected alternate members are: William Alave (La Paz), María Arminda Ríos García (Santa Cruz), Ana Adela Quispe Cuba (Oruro), Elisa Sánchez Mamani (Potosí), Carmen Núñez Villegas (Tarija), Silvana Rojas Panoso (Beni), María Lourdes Bustamante (Cochabamba), Javier Medardo Serrano (Tarija), and Delfín Humberto Betancour Chinchilla (Pando). Gonzalo Miguel Hurtado Zamorano
442-939: The Universidad Mayor de San Simón in Cochabamba and obtained his Master of Public Administration at Harvard University 's John F. Kennedy School of Government . Rodríguez was the Bolivian ambassador to the Netherlands where he also served as ambassador before the International Court of Justice . On 12 November 2019, he resigned from that post upon the assumption of the government of Jeanine Áñez . In 2005, after weeks of civil unrest led by cocalero activist Evo Morales , former president Carlos Mesa offered his resignation to Congress . Senate President Hormando Vaca Diez and Chamber of Deputies leader Mario Cossío did not take
468-503: The first ever majority victory by a single party in the December 2005 elections . MAS evolved out of the movement to defend the interests of coca growers. Currently, the MAS stands as a party committed to equality, indigenous rights, agrarian land reform, Constitutional reform as well as nationalization of key industries with an aim to redistribute the returns through increased social spending. Among
494-548: The national courts by popular vote. Twenty-eight elected members and twenty-eight alternates were sworn in on 3 January 2011 in Sucre. The members of the Plurinational Constitutional Court , elected in October 2011, are: Ligia Velásquez, Mirtha Camacho, Melvy Andrade, Zoraida Chanes, Gualberto Cusi, Efraín Choque, and Ruddy Flores. The elected alternate members are: Isabel Ortuño, Lidia Chipana, Mario Pacosillo, Katia López, Javier Aramayo, Miriam Pacheco, and Rommy Colque. The members of
520-495: The poor, rural and indigenous population the MAS enjoys nearly unanimous support. The right-of-center opposition includes a variety of political parties. During the 2005–09 political cycle the largest of these was PODEMOS , a successor to Nationalist Democratic Action. In the 2009 elections, several parties and politicians united to form Plan Progreso para Bolivia – Convergencia Nacional , whose presidential candidate, Manfred Reyes Villa and parliamentary slate came in second in
546-561: The popular vote in the national election, Banzer won a congressional runoff election on 5 August 1997 after forming the so-called "megacoalition" with other parties. He resigned in August 2001 and was substituted by his vice president Jorge Quiroga . In August 2002, the winner of the national election Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was chosen president by Congress , winning an 84–43 vote against popular vote runner-up Evo Morales . Elected president Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada resigned in October 2003, and
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#1733092675733572-409: The post, under pressure from opposition protestors. Rodríguez, as non-partisan head of the judiciary and fourth in the line of succession, became the country's new president on June 10, 2005; he was inaugurated with the constitutional mandate to call elections within one year's time. Evo Morales won the December 2005 general election and Rodriguez's term ended upon Morales' inauguration. Under
598-483: The tin era, with tin production having increased considerably), landowners and the army. Inspired by the example of the Ecuadorian Liberal Revolution of 1895 led by Eloy Alfaro , a new liberalism organized itself into a republican party and expressed some social concerns against the domination of the liberal oligarchy. Bolivia's current constitution was adopted via referendum in 2009 , providing for
624-567: The two chambers of parliament. Both the Judiciary and the electoral branch are independent of the executive and the legislature. After the 2014 Bolivian general election , 53.1% of the seats in national parliament were held by women, a higher proportion of women than that of the population. The Bolivian Civil War between the Conservatives and the Liberals ended in 1899 with the latter's victory;
650-461: Was elected President of the Court on 3 January 2012. The Supreme Court of Justice replaces the Supreme Court , active since Bolivia's founding in 1825. The members of the Judiciary Council, elected in October 2011, are (in order of total votes received): Cristina Mamani, Freddy Sanabria, Wilma Mamani, Roger Triveño, and Ernesto Araníbar. Cristina Mamani was elected by her peers as the first president of
676-673: Was substituted by vice-president Carlos Mesa who governed the nation until his resignation in June 2005. He was replaced by chief justice of the Supreme Court Eduardo Rodríguez , acting as caretaker president. Six months later, on December 18, 2005, cocalero leader Evo Morales was elected president. A group of MEPs acting as election observers oversaw a constitutional referendum in Bolivia that gave more power to indigenous peoples 25 January 2009. The tightly fought referendum laid out
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