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43-509: (Redirected from Sob ) [REDACTED] Look up sob in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Sob is a verb meaning cry . Sob and SoB may refer to: Souls on Board (sometimes POB for People on Board), used in Aviation communication Seventeen or Bust , a distributed computing project Special Operations Battalion (SOB), an elite unit of

86-464: A 1981 film by Blake Edwards The Sob , a 1953 Turkish film S.O.B. (band) , a Japanese grindcore band "S.O.B." (song) , by Nathaniel Rateliff and the Night Sweats, 2015 Scars on Broadway , an American rock band Sons of Batman , a group of characters in a Batman comics miniseries Sons of Butcher (band) , a Canadian rock band Sons of Butcher (TV show) , a cartoon inspired by

129-609: A Class I to IV destination for rafting and kayaking . The Sob is a left tributary of the Ob river . It has its sources in the eastern slopes of the southern sector of the Polar Urals . After leaving the mountainous area, the river flows roughly southeastwards and southwards among small lakes in a floodplain located at the northwestern end of the West Siberian Plain . Kharp town is located by its banks in its middle course. The area

172-496: A better ability to distinguish their own infant's cries than those of a different child. A 2009 study found that babies mimic their parents' pitch contour. French infants wail on a rising note while German infants favor a falling melody. Carlo Bellieni found a correlation between the features of babies' crying and the level of pain, though he found no direct correlation between the cause of crying and its characteristics. T. Berry Brazelton has suggested that overstimulation may be

215-639: A contributing factor to infant crying and that periods of active crying might serve the purpose of discharging overstimulation and helping the baby's nervous system regain homeostasis. Sheila Kitzinger found a correlation between the mother's prenatal stress level and later amount of crying by the infant. She also found a correlation between birth trauma and crying. Mothers who had experienced obstetrical interventions or who were made to feel powerless during birth had babies who cried more than other babies. Rather than try one remedy after another to stop this crying, she suggested that mothers hold their babies and allow

258-426: A link between other simultaneous positive events, such as resolving feelings of grief . Together, these features of memory reinforce the idea that crying helped the individual. In Hippocratic and medieval medicine, tears were associated with the bodily humors , and crying was seen as purgation of excess humors from the brain. William James thought of emotions as reflexes prior to rational thought, believing that

301-500: A mountain in Utah, United States Start of business , the start of the business day (as opposed to EOB ) Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria , participating to the sulfur cycle Biomedicine [ edit ] Shortness of breath or dyspnea , a medical symptom relating to breathing difficulties Sobralia , a genus of orchids Super optimal broth , a bacterial growth medium Music and media [ edit ] S.O.B. (film) ,

344-421: A pattern of crying and silence. The basic cry starts with a cry coupled with a briefer silence, which is followed by a short high-pitched inspiratory whistle. Then, there is a brief silence followed by another cry. Hunger is a main stimulant of the basic cry. An anger cry is much like the basic cry; in this cry, more excess air is forced through the vocal cords, making it a louder, more abrupt cry. This type of cry

387-433: A person may cry after receiving surprisingly happy news, ostensibly because the person feels powerless or unable to influence what is happening. Emotional tears have also been put into an evolutionary context. One study proposes that crying, by blurring vision, can handicap aggressive or defensive actions, and may function as a reliable signal of appeasement, need, or attachment. Oren Hasson, an evolutionary psychologist in

430-542: A process which requires closing the fully expanded glottis to prevent food from entering the larynx . The glottis attempts to remain open as an individual cries. This fight to close the glottis creates a sensation that feels like a lump in the individual's throat. Other common side effects of crying are quivering lips, a runny nose , and an unsteady, cracking voice. According to the German Society of Ophthalmology, which has collated different scientific studies on crying,

473-545: A result of a link between the development of the cerebrum and the discovery of fire. MacLean theorizes that since early humans must have relied heavily on fire , their eyes were frequently producing reflexive tears in response to the smoke. As humans evolved the smoke possibly gained a strong association with the loss of life and, therefore, sorrow. In 2017, Carlo Bellieni analysed the weeping behavior, and concluded that most animals can cry but only humans have psychoemotional shedding of tears , also known as "weeping". Weeping

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516-511: A result of happiness would then be a response to a moment as if it is eternal; the person is frozen in a blissful, immortalized present. The last dimension is known as the public-private perspective. This describes the two types of crying as ways to imply details about the self as known privately or one's public identity. For example, crying due to a loss is a message to the outside world that pleads for help with coping with internal sufferings. Or, as Arthur Schopenhauer suggested, sorrowful crying

559-420: A set of other symptoms, such as slow but erratic inhalation , occasional instances of breath holding , and muscular tremor . A neuronal connection between the lacrimal gland and the areas of the human brain involved with emotion has been established. Tears produced during emotional crying have a chemical composition which differs from other types of tears. They contain significantly greater quantities of

602-449: A theory that crying is a mechanism developed in humans to dispose of this stress hormone when levels grow too high. Tears have a limited ability to eliminate chemicals, reducing the likelihood of this theory. Recent psychological theories of crying emphasize the relationship of crying to the experience of perceived helplessness. From this perspective, an underlying experience of helplessness can usually explain why people cry. For example,

645-618: A tributary of the Ob Sob River, a river in Ukraine, a tributary of Southern Bug Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title SOB . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SOB&oldid=1257363625 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

688-413: Is a behavior that induces empathy perhaps with the mediation of the mirror neurons network , and influences the mood through the release of hormones elicited by the massage effect made by the tears on the cheeks, or through the relief of the sobbing rhythm. Many ethologists would disagree. It can be very difficult to observe biological effects of crying, especially considering many psychologists believe

731-459: Is a method of self-pity or self-regard, a way one comforts oneself. Joyful crying, in contrast, is in recognition of beauty, glory, or wonderfulness. In Orthodox and Catholic Christianity, tears are considered to be a sign of genuine repentance, and a desirable thing in many cases. Tears of true contrition are thought to be sacramental, helpful in forgiving sins, in that they recall the Baptism of

774-409: Is characterized by the same temporal sequence as the basic pattern but distinguished by differences in the length of the various phase components. The third cry is the pain cry , which, unlike the other two, has no preliminary moaning. The pain cry is one loud cry, followed by a period of breath holding. Most adults can determine whether an infant's cries signify anger or pain. Most parents also have

817-418: Is critical to when a baby is first born. Their ability to cry upon delivery signals they can breathe on their own and reflects they have successfully adapted to life outside the womb. Although crying is an infant's mode of communication, it is not limited to a monotonous sound. There are three different types of cries apparent in infants. The first of these three is a basic cry , which is a systematic cry with

860-523: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cry Crying is the dropping of tears (or welling of tears in the eyes) in response to an emotional state or physical pain . Emotions that can lead to crying include sadness , anger , joy , and fear . Crying can also be caused by relief from a period of stress or anxiety , or as an empathetic response. The act of crying has been defined as "a complex secretomotor phenomenon characterized by

903-622: Is its station code Southbourne railway station , SOB in Network Rail code Stadt-Omnibus Bern , a former public transport operator in Bern, Switzerland Südostbahn , a railway company in Switzerland SüdostBayernBahn , a railway company in southern Germany MS Spirit of Britain , a Dover - Calais P&O Ferry Toponyms [ edit ] Sob (river) , a river in Siberia,

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946-497: Is marked by permafrost , being often swampy, and with patches of tundra and coniferous taiga . Finally the Sob meets the left bank of the Ob near Katravozh , about 322 km (200 mi) from its mouth. The main tributaries of the Sob are the 55 km (34 mi) long Bolshaya Pai-Pudyna (Большая Пай-Пудына) and the 54 km (34 mi) long Khanmei (Ханмей) from the left, as well as

989-417: Is threatened by some form of danger, the sympathetic nervous system triggers several processes to allow the animal to fight or flee . This includes shutting down unnecessary body functions, such as digestion, and increasing blood flow and oxygen to necessary muscles. When an individual experiences emotions such as sorrow, the sympathetic nervous system still responds in this way. Another function increased by

1032-572: The Angels or of the Prophets.) In reply they would state: "We are neither Angels nor Prophets but of the indigent ones from the ummah of Muhammad". They would then be asked: "How then did you achieve this lofty and honourable status?" They would reply: "We did not perform very many good deeds nor did we pass all the days in a state of fasting or all the nights in a state of worship but yes, we used to offer our (daily) prayers (regularly) and whenever we used to hear

1075-473: The Croatian army Society of Old Brooklynites Son of a bitch , an insult or curse phrase, sometimes abbreviated as "S.O.B." Sons of Ben (MLS supporters association) Suggested opening bid , a term in auctioneering Super Oralloy Bomb , a nuclear bomb Senate Office Building Dirksen Senate Office Building Russell Senate Office Building Hart Senate Office Building S.O.B. Hill ,

1118-541: The average woman cries between 30 and 64 times a year, and the average man cries between 6 and 17 times a year. Men tend to cry for between two and four minutes, and women cry for about six minutes. Crying turns into sobbing for women in 65% of cases, compared to just 6% for men. Before adolescence, no difference between the sexes was found. The gap between how often men and women cry is larger in wealthier, more democratic, and feminine countries. Infants can shed tears at approximately four to eight weeks of age. Crying

1161-576: The band Sounds of Blackness , an American vocal and instrumental ensemble SOB's , Sounds of Brazil, a live music venue in New York City Styles of Beyond , an underground rap group Switched-On Bach , an album by Walter Carlos S.O.B.s , an episode of the television series Arrested Development Transport [ edit ] Seaford-Oyster Bay Expressway Balaton Airport , SOB in IATA code South Bend station (Amtrak), SOB

1204-664: The crying may signify a beneficial stress-release mechanism. She recommends the "crying-in-arms" approach as a way to comfort these infants. Another way of comforting and calming the baby is to mimic the familiarity and coziness of mother's womb. Robert Hamilton developed a technique to parents where a baby may be calmed and stop crying in five seconds. A study published in Current Biology has shown that some parents with experience of children are better at identifying types of cries than those who do not have experience of children. There have been many attempts to differentiate between

1247-461: The crying to run its course. Other studies have supported Kitzinger's findings. Babies who had experienced birth complications had longer crying spells at three months of age and awakened more frequently at night crying. Based on these various findings, Aletha Solter has proposed a general emotional release theory of infant crying. When infants cry for no obvious reason after all other causes (such as hunger or pain) are ruled out, she suggests that

1290-400: The environment in which a person cries can alter the experience of the crier. Laboratory studies have shown several physical effects of crying, such as increased heart rate, sweating, and slowed breathing. Although it appears that the type of effects an individual experiences depends largely on the individual, for many it seems that the calming effects of crying, such as slowed breathing, outlast

1333-519: The eye. Psychic tears are produced by the lacrimal system and are the tears expelled during emotional states. Sob (river) The Sob flows across the Priuralsky and Shuryshkarsky districts. The Salekhard–Igarka Railway stretch of the Northern Railway runs along the valley of the Sob in the Polar Urals . Since it is of relatively easy access, the river has become a tourist attraction as

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1376-439: The eyes. There is some empirical evidence that crying lowers stress levels, potentially due to the release of hormones such as oxytocin. Crying is believed to be an outlet or a result of a burst of intense emotional sensations, such as agony, surprise or joy. This theory could explain why people cry during cheerful events, as well as very painful events. Individuals tend to remember the positive aspects of crying, and may create

1419-507: The hormones prolactin , adrenocorticotropic hormone , and Leu-enkephalin , and the elements potassium and manganese . The question of the function or origin of emotional tears remains open. Theories range from the simple, such as response to inflicted pain, to the more complex, including nonverbal communication in order to elicit altruistic helping behaviour from others. Some have also claimed that crying can serve several biochemical purposes, such as relieving stress and clearance of

1462-402: The intense awareness of one's location, such as at a relative's wedding. Temporal perspective explains crying slightly differently. In temporal perspective, sorrowful crying is due to looking to the past with regret or to the future with dread. This illustrated crying as a result of losing someone and regretting not spending more time with them or being nervous about an upcoming event. Crying as

1505-447: The lover. Crying on Imam Hussain is the sign or expression of true love. The imams of Shias have encouraged crying especially on Imam Hussain and have been informed about rewards for this act. They support their view through a tradition (saying) from Muhammad who said: (On the Day of Judgment, a group would be seen in the most excellent and honourable of states. They would be asked if they were of

1548-438: The mention of Muhammad, tears would roll down our cheeks". There are three types of tears: basal tears, reflexive tears, and psychic tears. Basal tears are produced at a rate of about 1 to 2 microliters a minute, and are made in order to keep the eye lubricated and smooth out irregularities in the cornea . Reflexive tears are tears that are made in response to irritants to the eye, such as when chopping onions or getting poked in

1591-405: The negative effects, which could explain why people remember crying as being helpful and beneficial. The most common side effect of crying is feeling a lump in the throat of the crier, otherwise known as a globus sensation . Although many things can cause a globus sensation, the one experienced in crying is a response to the stress experienced by the sympathetic nervous system . When an animal

1634-454: The penitent. The Shia Ithna Ashari (Muslims who believe in Twelve Imams after Muhammad) consider crying to be an important responsibility towards their leaders who were martyred. They believe a true lover of Imam Hussain can feel the afflictions and oppressions Imam Hussain suffered; his feelings are so immense that they break out into tears and wail. The pain of the beloved is the pain of

1677-490: The physiological response, as if to stress or irritation, is a precondition to cognitively becoming aware of emotions such as fear or anger. William H. Frey II, a biochemist at the University of Minnesota , proposed that people feel "better" after crying due to the elimination of hormones associated with stress , specifically adrenocorticotropic hormone . This, paired with increased mucosal secretion during crying, could lead to

1720-460: The shedding of tears from the lacrimal apparatus , without any irritation of the ocular structures", instead, giving a relief which protects from conjunctivitis . A related medical term is lacrimation , which also refers to the non-emotional shedding of tears. Various forms of crying are known as sobbing , weeping , wailing , whimpering , bawling , and blubbering . For crying to be described as sobbing , it usually has to be accompanied by

1763-461: The sympathetic nervous system is breathing, which includes opening the throat in order to increase air flow. This is done by expanding the glottis , which allows more air to pass through. As an individual is undergoing this sympathetic response, eventually the parasympathetic nervous system attempts to undo the response by decreasing high stress activities and increasing recuperative processes, which includes running digestion. This involves swallowing,

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1806-415: The two distinct types of crying: positive and negative. Different perspectives have been broken down into three dimensions to examine the emotions being felt and also to grasp the contrast between the two types. Spatial perspective explains sad crying as reaching out to be "there", such as at home or with a person who may have just died. In contrast, joyful crying is acknowledging being "here." It emphasized

1849-437: The zoology department at Tel Aviv University believes that crying shows vulnerability and submission to an attacker, solicits sympathy and aid from bystanders, and signals shared emotional attachments. Another theory that follows evolutionary psychology is given by Paul D. MacLean, who suggests that the vocal part of crying was used first as a "separation cry" to help reunite parents and offspring. The tears, he speculates, are

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