56-491: Smoke's Poutinerie is a Canadian poutine restaurant franchise founded by Ryan Smolkin. Ryan Smolkin, the founder of Smoke's Poutinerie, worked alongside Toronto restaurant consultants The Fifteen Group when starting out. He needed to gain experience in the restaurant industry. With the help of The Fifteen Group's chef, the original gravy recipe was developed. In 2008, Smoke's Poutinerie opened its first location in Toronto. It
112-459: A Talking to Americans segment on the Canadian mock television news show This Hour Has 22 Minutes , during the 2000 US election , comedian Rick Mercer posed as a reporter and asked US politicians what they thought of "Prime Minister Jean Poutine" and his endorsement of George W. Bush for president. (The Prime Minister of Canada at the time was Jean Chrétien .) None of the interviewees noticed
168-633: A Chambly, Quebec , native who won the Cup with the Tampa Bay Lightning in 2020 and 2021 , also ate poutine from the Cup during a celebration with the Cup in 2021. Health advocates have been critical of poutine since the 1980s. In a 2013 study of Canadian restaurants, poutine was found to have the second-highest sodium (1547 mg average and as high as 2227 mg) among single meal items, after stir-fry entrées. The social status of poutine has evolved dramatically since its origins in rural Quebec in
224-514: A foie gras poutine which was praised by customers and food critics. This influenced chefs in Toronto and Vancouver to feature poutine on upscale menus. Chef Mark McEwan served lobster poutine at his Bymark eatery, and chef Jamie Kennedy served braised beef poutine at his eponymous restaurant. Over the next decade, poutine gained acceptance and popularity in all types of restaurants, from haute cuisine to fast food, and spread across Canada and internationally. Poutine became extremely trendy in
280-530: A 2018 promotional campaign for the film Crazy Rich Asians , "the world's richest poutine" was created with wagyu steak, lobster, truffles, shiitake and chanterelle mushrooms, edible orchids, and gold flakes, priced just under $ 450. Joel Edmundson , of the 2018–19 National Hockey League champion team St. Louis Blues , ate poutine from the Stanley Cup during celebrations attended by over 4,000 fans in his hometown of Brandon, Manitoba . Mathieu Joseph ,
336-450: A Canadian dish instead of a Québécois dish. Fabien-Ouellet explains: as soon as a Quebec cultural trait begins to be appreciated internationally, it begins to be identified as typically Canadian, this prevents Quebec culture from shining, and becomes part of absorption and assimilation processes. All this is reminiscent of the reasons why Cajun cuisine is differentiated in the US context. In
392-514: A Canadian lunch with counterpart Justin Trudeau on 16 June 2017, during which they ate hotdogs and poutine. Michel tweeted later that this was "A great way to meet a dear friend though our fries are better", referring to the popular claim that fries were originally invented in Belgium. In 2019, Canada attempted to garner support for its campaign for a non-permanent United Nations Security Council seat in
448-477: A Thanksgiving poutine with turkey, stuffing and cranberry sauce. In anticipation of the legalization of cannabis in Canada, Montreal's Le Gras Dur served a "pot poutine" with a gravy that included hemp protein, hemp seeds and hemp oil, offered with a joint-like roll of turkey, wild mushrooms and arugula. Gourmet poutine with three-pepper sauce, merguez sausage , foie gras or caviar and truffle can be found. This
504-661: A basic poutine item on their menu. Smoke's Poutinerie opened its second location in Toronto by 2015, and Poutineville which as of May 2019, has 6 restaurants in Quebec. Smoke's Poutinerie's further competition has come from corporate businesses. McDonald's expanded its poutine product from being only in Quebec, Canada, to the entire country. In 2012, Wendy's added poutine to their menu as Canada's national dish. More companies have added poutine to their menus including Burger King , A&W , KFC and Popeyes . Poutine Poutine ( Quebec French : [puˈt͡sɪn] )
560-627: A country snack food in Quebec's dairy region, due to the narrow freshness window of cheddar cheese curds. In 1969, poutine was brought to Quebec City in Ashton Leblond's food truck (a business which grew into the Chez Ashton fast-food chain). In the early 1970s, La Banquise began serving poutine in Montreal, followed by the Burger King chain in 1983. Others that followed used inferior cheese and
616-415: A fresh and steady supply. The texture, temperature and viscosity of poutine's ingredients differ and continuously change as the food is consumed, making it a dish of highly dynamic contrasts. Strengthening these contrasts, superior poutines are identified by the crispiness of the fries, freshness of the curds, and a unifying gravy. Even small variations in ingredients or preparation—the oil used for frying,
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#1733092568211672-415: A healthier alternative to french fries, adding more dietary fibre and vitamins. Poutineries, like Montreal's La Banquise, which is credited for much of the innovation and popularization of poutine, have dozens of varieties of poutine on their menus. Many of these are based on the traditional recipe with an added meat topping such as sausage, chicken, bacon , brisket , or Montreal-style smoked meat , with
728-510: A new dish classification in its own right, as with sandwiches or dumplings . The dish was created in the Centre-du-Québec area in the late 1950s. Several restaurants in the area claim to be the originators of the dish, but no consensus exists. According to Canadian food researcher Sylvain Charlebois , while Warwick is the birthplace of poutine, Drummondville 's Jean-Paul Roy
784-544: A thick beef gravy, is popular in the Isle of Man . A cultural marker, poutine had long been Quebec's adored junk food before spreading across the rest of Canada and the United States. It had by then made inroads with food critics and established culinary circles, challenging its junk food status. Food critic Jacob Richler noted in 2012 that Canadian dishes are too similar to their European roots to be considered original, with
840-440: A university spokesman stated that the conclusions of the investigation would remain confidential but that "no further action" would be taken in relation to the investigation. Charlebois writes a blog for Canadian Grocer magazine called "The Food Professor," and is a co-host of the podcast titled "The Food Professor." Since 2010, Charlebois has published Canada's Food Price Report . He has also co-authored reports related to
896-450: A world record was broken for poutine eating. The event includes 3 levels of poutine eating including amateur, professional, and destroyer. In that same year, the event focused on raising money for the Friends of We Care charity and raised over $ 50,000 to send disabled children to camp. Smoke's Poutinerie had its fair share of competitiveness. Most large Canadian restaurant chains already had
952-584: Is a dish of french fries and cheese curds topped with a brown gravy . It emerged in Quebec in the late 1950s in the Centre-du-Québec region, though its exact origins are uncertain, and there are several competing claims regarding its invention. For many years, it was used by some to mock Quebec society . Poutine later became celebrated as a symbol of Québécois culture and the province of Quebec. It has long been associated with Quebec cuisine , and its rise in prominence has led to its growing popularity throughout
1008-503: Is a trend that began in the 1990s and is credited to David McMillan of Montreal's Joe Beef and Globe restaurants. Savoury sauces like Moroccan harissa, lobster sauce, and red-wine veal jus have been used to complement artisanal cheeses and rich ingredients. Chains such as Smoke's Poutinerie , New York Fries , McDonald's, Wendy's , A&W , KFC , Burger King, Harvey's, Mary Brown's , Arby's , and Wahlburgers restaurants also sell versions of poutine in Quebec and
1064-620: Is also popular in New Orleans including variations called Cajun poutine. Poutine spread to the United Kingdom, Korea and Russia, where it has been referred to as "Raspoutine". The first poutinerie in Paris, La Maison de la Poutine, opened in 2017 and quickly gained attention from mainstream media and gastronomers. A similar dish known as chips, cheese and gravy, consisting of thick-cut chips covered in shredded Manx Cheddar cheese and topped with
1120-399: Is among those held as probably unrelated to pudding , provided the latter view is correct. The traditional recipe for poutine consists of: To maintain the texture of the fries, the cheese curds and gravy are added immediately before serving the dish. The hot gravy is usually poured over room-temperature cheese curds, so they are warmed without melting completely. The thin gravy allows all
1176-566: Is referred to as a hamburger mix, though this is less popular than a regular mix. In the Pacific Northwest, one variation replaces the gravy with chowder featuring local seafood. Disco fries, french fries typically covered in mozzarella cheese and brown gravy, were popularized in New Jersey in the 1990s. They gained their name in the 1970s for being a favourite of late-night diners, who often came from dancing at disco clubs . The dish
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#17330925682111232-493: Is spelled "Poutine", with the two having identical pronunciation. The similarity has been a source of confusion; in commenting on the Talking to Americans prank on Bush, Washington Post columnist Al Kamen mistakenly believed that Mercer's fictional Jean Poutine was a reference to Putin. In 2017, Russian-themed poutinerie Vladimir Poutine opened in Montreal, with dishes named for political figures from Rasputin to Donald Trump. In
1288-563: Is the true inventor since le Roy Jucep was the first to sell poutine with three combined ingredients, in 1964. The Oxford Companion to Cheese takes a different perspective, stating that the inventors were not chefs but the customers who chose to add cheese curds to their fries. Poutine was consumed in small " greasy spoon " diners (commonly known in Quebec as cantines or casse-croûtes ), pubs , at roadside chip wagons (commonly known as cabanes à patates , literally "potato shacks"), and in ice hockey arenas. For decades, it remained
1344-490: The Canadian Wheat Board ’s Daily Price Contract program, Canada's Food Guide , edible cannabis legislation, global food traceability systems, and public perception towards GMOs. In January 2023 Charlebois penned a commentary on the increase in theft from supermarkets, and how it raises costs for grocers and leads to higher grocery prices. The piece, and a Twitter post, was met with criticism, and debate about
1400-535: The International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFCE) has held a world poutine-eating championship sponsored by Toronto-based chain Smoke's Poutinerie . There was criticism that the inaugural contest was held outside of Quebec and excluded Québécois. The IFCE stated that Montreal poutineries had not expressed any interest in holding the competition. Regulations for contests in Quebec make it difficult to include
1456-559: The Pacific Northwest , and the Upper Midwest . These regions offer further variations of the basic dish, usually by utilizing cheeses other than fresh curds, which are not widely available in the US. Wendy's fast food chain offers poutine in the form of "Baconator Fries", which is fried thin sticks of potato with melted yellow cheese and bits of bacon. In the country culture, a mixed fry can also come with cooked ground beef on top and
1512-442: The 1950s. The dish was long mocked as a culinary invention and used as a means of stigmatization by non-Québécois against Quebec society to reduce its legitimacy. While the first generations that suffered from the poutine stigma opted to disidentify from the dish, younger people in Quebec began to reappropriate poutine as a symbol of Quebecois cultural pride. Today, the dish is celebrated in many annual poutine festivals in Quebec,
1568-524: The US, in Berkeley, California in 2014, which closed in April 2018. The four other U.S. locations have also closed. According to their websites, as of August 20, 2022, there are currently 49 locations all in Canada. Ryan Smolkin died October 29, 2023, from complications following surgery. He was 50 years old. The Annual Smoke's Poutinerie World Poutine Eating Championship crowns a new champion each year, and in 2016
1624-506: The curds over time, altering their acidity level. This causes proteins to lose their elasticity, and the curds to lose their complex texture and characteristic squeaky sound when chewed. The curds should be less than a day old, which requires proximity to a dairy. While Montreal is 60 kilometres (37 mi) from a cheese plant in Mirabel , restaurants and specialty cheese shops outside of dairy regions may be unable to sell enough curds to justify
1680-647: The day before, falsely advised voters that their polling station had been changed, in an attempt to prevent them from voting . The allegations became known as the Robocall scandal , and subsequent investigation by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police resulted in Michael Sona , a junior Conservative Party staffer, being convicted of violating the Elections Act . Belgian Prime Minister Charles Michel had
1736-501: The dish's reputation declined. Poutine was largely perceived as an unsophisticated backwoods creation or unhealthy junk food to be consumed after a night of drinking. Montreal chefs would make poutine to feed their staff but had not dared to put it on their menus. In the 1990s, attempts were made to elevate the dish by using baked potatoes and duck stock . In November 2001, Martin Picard of bistro Au Pied de Cochon began serving
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1792-603: The early 2010s, with an explosion of poutineries in cities like Toronto, leading to stories about poutine's association with romance and events like the IBM Watson Cognitive Cooking Poutine Event, where the computer generated unique poutine recipes based on the demographics of Toronto and Montreal. The Dictionnaire historique du français québécois lists 15 meanings of poutine in Québécois and Acadian French , most of which are for kinds of food;
1848-816: The exception of poutine, which he credited as the country's most famous culinary creation. In May 2014, the word "poutine" was added to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary of the English language. In 2007, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) declared the results of an online survey on the greatest Canadian inventions , in which poutine ranked at No. 10. Maclean's 2017 survey of "favourite iconic Canadian food" placed poutine first with 21% of respondents, ahead of maple syrup with 14%. By 2011, media outlets were reporting 11 April as National Poutine Day. In March 2016, poutine
1904-445: The expense of daily deliveries. Furthermore, Canadian food safety practices require curds to be refrigerated within 24 hours, which suppresses the properties of their texture. This has resulted in poutineries which specialize in the dish; busy poutineries may use 100 kilograms (220 lb) of curds per day. Poutineries which are too distant from dairies may make their own cheese curds on site, in batches every few hours, to ensure
1960-669: The following year's election by serving poutine to UN diplomats. Sylvain Charlebois Sylvain Charlebois is a Canadian researcher and professor in food distribution and policy at Dalhousie University in Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada. He is a former dean of the university's Faculty of Management. Charlebois, who goes by the moniker "The Food Professor," is the director of the Agri-Food Analytics Lab at Dalhousie University. Since December 2010, he has been
2016-408: The fries to be coated. The serving dish typically has some depth to act as a basket for the fries so that they retain their heat. It is important to control the temperature, timing, and the order in which the ingredients are added to obtain the right food textures —an essential part of the experience of eating poutine. Freshness and juiciness of the curds is essential. Air and moisture seep out of
2072-552: The gravy adjusted for balance. The Quebec City -based chain Chez Ashton is known for its poutine Galvaude (topped with chicken and green peas) and Dulton (with ground beef). New variations are frequently introduced. Pulled pork was popular around 2013, followed a couple years later by Asian-fusion poutines. Montreal's high immigrant population has led to many takes on the dish inspired by other cuisines, such as Haitian, Mexican, Portuguese, Indian, Japanese, Greek, Italian and Lebanese. These poutines may bear little resemblance to
2128-445: The insertion of "Poutine" and Bush pledged to "work closely" with Mr. Poutine. A few years later, when Bush made his first official visit to Canada as president, he joked in a speech, "There's a prominent citizen who endorsed me in the 2000 election, and I wanted a chance to finally thank him [...] I was hoping to meet Jean Poutine." The remark was met with laughter and applause. In French, Russian president Vladimir Putin 's surname
2184-533: The lead author of Canada's Food Price Report . Charlebois was a professor at the University of Guelph from 2010 to 2016. In 2016, he was named dean of the Faculty of Management at Dalhousie University . In 2018, Charlebois became the director of Agri-food Analytics Lab at Dalhousie, after resigning as dean following an investigation into complaints involving harassment and bullying. Following Charlebois's resignation,
2240-562: The morality of food theft. Twitter users drew attention to Charlebois' salary from Dalhousie University, and his receipt of a $ 60,000 grant in 2018 from the Weston Foundation, which is funded by Weston Family companies that include Loblaws , one of Canada's largest grocery retailers. In response, Charlebois said the grant went to Dalhousie University and was used to pay a graduate student; and that people are upset with grocers since, with food inflation over 10 percent, "they're looking for
2296-491: The origin of the curds, or spices in the gravy—can result in a distinctly different experience of eating the poutine. Some recipes eliminate the cheese, but most Québécois would call such a dish a frite sauce (English: french fries with gravy ), not poutine. When curds are unavailable, mozzarella cheese may be an acceptable alternative. Shredded mozzarella is commonly used in Saskatchewan. Sweet potato may be used as
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2352-843: The possibility that the form poutine is simply a gallicization of the word pudding . However, it considers it more likely that it was inherited from regional languages spoken in France, and that some of its meanings resulted from the later influence of the similar-sounding English word pudding . It cites the Provençal forms poutingo "bad stew" and poutité "hodgepodge" or "crushed fruit or foods"; poutringo "mixture of various things" in Languedocien ; and poutringue or potringa "bad stew" in Franche-Comté as possibly related to poutine . The meaning "fries with cheese and gravy" of poutine
2408-472: The province, which is often absent from national contests. Smoke's has since sponsored a cross-Canada poutine eating tour. In 2011, chef Chuck Hughes won on Iron Chef America (episode 2 of season 9 ) by beating Bobby Flay with a plate of lobster poutine. Jones Soda Co., an originally Canadian company now based in the US, created a poutine-flavoured limited-edition soft drink in 2013, which received international pop culture attention. Bacon-poutine
2464-553: The rest of Canada . Annual poutine celebrations occur in Montreal , Quebec City , and Drummondville , as well as Toronto , Ottawa , New Hampshire , and Chicago . It has been called Canada's national dish , though some critics believe this labelling represents cultural appropriation of the Québécois or Quebec's national identity. Many variations on the original recipe are popular, leading some to suggest that poutine has emerged as
2520-399: The rest of Canada (although not always country-wide). Tim Hortons began selling poutine in 2018. Fast-food combination meals in Canada often have the options to have french fries "poutinized" by adding cheese curds and gravy, or substituting a poutine for a fries side. Poutine is found in the northern border regions of the United States, including New England and the larger Northeast ,
2576-489: The rest of Canada, and in the United States. The evolution of the different symbols associated with poutine was first studied in Maudite Poutine! by Charles-Alexandre Théorêt. Théorêt revisited many of these stigmas in an interview given at Tout le monde en parle on 11 November 2007. As poutine gained popularity beyond the provincial borders of Quebec in the mid-2000s, the dish gradually stopped being mocked and
2632-498: The traditional recipe. They replace some or all of the ingredients but maintain the dynamic contrasts of textures and temperatures with a crispy element, a dairy or dairy-like element, and a unifying sauce. Many variations on the original recipe are popular, leading some to suggest that poutine has emerged as a new dish classification in its own right, as with sandwiches , dumplings , soups , and flatbreads . Poutineries will frequently offer limited-time promotional specials, such as
2688-503: The week following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , frequent insults and threats were received by the three Maison de la Poutine restaurants in Paris, some stating a belief that they worked for the Russian state. Another poutinerie in Lyon changed the name of its 20-year signature dish, Vladimir poutine, stating that it "was no longer funny". In Quebec, Le Roy Jucep announced that it was retiring
2744-496: The word poutine in support of Ukraine and reverted to " fromage-patate-sauce " on its menus and branding. During the 2011 Canadian federal election , some voters reported receiving robocalls claiming to be from Elections Canada , from a phone number registered to "Pierre Poutine". The calls targeted voters who had previously indicated they would not vote for the Conservative Party . The calls, made on election day or
2800-437: The word poutine in the meaning "fries with cheese and gravy" is dated to 1982 in English. Other senses of the word have been in use since at least 1810. According to Merriam-Webster , a popular etymology is that poutine is from a Québécois slang word meaning "mess", and that others attribute it to the English word pudding . The exact provenance of the word poutine is uncertain. The Dictionnaire historique mentions
2856-687: The world, with over 700 restaurants serving more than 350,000 poutines. Le Grand Poutinefest is a poutine festival founded in 2015 which tours cities and towns in Quebec, operating most weekends from April to September. Poutine festivals are also held in Drummondville (since 2008), Ottawa-Gatineau, Toronto, Calgary, Vancouver, Quebec City and Sherbrooke. In the US, major festivals have been held in Chicago, Illinois, Manchester, New Hampshire, Knoxville, Tennessee, and in Rhode Island. Since 2010,
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#17330925682112912-462: Was eventually introduced into the popular discourse as a symbol of Canadian identity. Today, the dish is often presented as being a part of Canadian cuisine, even as Canada's national dish. Nicolas Fabien-Ouellet suggested in the peer-reviewed journal CuiZine that this "Canadization" of poutine constitutes cultural appropriation . This appropriation is not linked to its preparation or consumption outside Quebec, but strictly to its presentation as
2968-451: Was held in Warwick, Quebec, in 1993. This annual event expanded to become the largest cheese festival in Canada. In 2014, it was moved to the larger town of Victoriaville . Montreal has hosted La Poutine Week , an annual festival, food tour, and competition held 1–7 February, since 2013. It spread across Canada and internationally, and by 2021 had become the largest poutine festival in
3024-547: Was one of four flavours selected as a finalist in the 2014 Lay's Canada Do Us A Flavour potato chip contest. Though it did not win, Lay's later added a bacon-poutine variety in its Canada entry for the World Flavourites. Loblaws' President's Choice and Ruffles brands also offer poutine-flavoured potato chips in Canada. Giapos Ice Cream of New Zealand has served a "poutine ice cream" of oolong matcha tea, ice cream and caramel sauce over hand-cut fries since 2017. In
3080-600: Was served at the White House during the first state dinner hosted by President Barack Obama and Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau . Poutine has been a highlight of Canada Day celebrations in Trafalgar Square in London, England, for several years, and was a comfort food for the local community after the 2013 Lac-Megantic derailment . It was served at the inaugural Canadian Comedy Awards . The first poutine festival
3136-471: Was the first poutine restaurant in the city. In 2016, Smoke's Poutinerie had 76 restaurants in Canada and 5 in the United States. They planned to expand the company internationally and open 1,300 restaurants around the world by 2020. Smoke's Poutinerie had already started on this expansion, having sold franchises to franchisees in the United States. By 2017, the restaurant had some 150 locations across Canada and United States. Smoke's opened its first location in
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