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Lajkovac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Лајковац ) is a town and municipality located in the Kolubara District of western Serbia. As of 2022, it has population of 3,211 inhabitants, while the municipality has 13,825 inhabitants.

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37-601: Slovac is a village situated in Lajkovac municipality in Serbia . This Kolubara District , Serbia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lajkovac It is located in the valley of river Kolubara and near the Ibar highway . In the surrounding villages of Jabučje, Skobalj, Nepričava and Bogovađa there are remains from the Roman period . At Ćelije there

74-588: A water tower (nicknamed Buzometar ), turntable , roundhouse and many rolling stock sheds. All that infrastructure except for the water tower still serves standard-gauge locomotive stock. There are plans to convert these facilities into a railway museum. The traditional song Ide Mile Lajkovačkom prugom (Mile walks down the Lajkovac railway) is about the town; it is a staple of Serbian folk repertoire, with versions recorded by Tozovac , Lepa Lukić , Šaban Šaulić , Braća Bajić and many others. Kafana Kafana

111-464: A distinct cinematic stereotype appeared. In Mate Bulić 's album Gori borovina , there is a song "Ej, kavano", which describes the common stereotype of the kafana. Kafana is stereotyped as a place where sad lovers cure their sorrows in alcohol and music, gamblers squander entire fortunes, husbands run away from mean wives while shady businessmen, corrupt local politicians and petty criminals do business. As in many other societies, frequenting kafane

148-517: A railroad. The first train using the standard gauge reached Lajkovac on 7 July 1968. The decline of the Yugoslav Railways narrow-gauge network in 1960s led to a decision that all narrow-gauge lines should cease operation during the 1970s. At the same time, the Belgrade-Bar standard gauge line passed through Lajkovac. Much of the narrow-gauge infrastructure remains in the town today, such as

185-567: A tourist attractions today. The most popular are Jolića vodenica , Kumova vodenica , Ilića vodenica and Sretenovića vodenica . Jolića vodenica is location of an annual folk festival Hajdučki rastanak . The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017): The first railway line to pass through Lajkovac was a 760-millimeter ( Bosnian gauge ) line from Obrenovac to Valjevo which became operational on 14 September 1908. Two years later, Lajkovac got another line to Mladenovac . Just before

222-507: Is a distinct type of local bistro (or tavern ), common in former Yugoslav countries , which primarily serves alcoholic beverages and coffee , and often also light snacks ( meze ) and other food. Many kafanas feature live music performances. The concept of a social gathering place for men to drink alcoholic beverages and coffee originated in the Ottoman Empire and spread to Southeast Europe during Ottoman rule, further evolving into

259-1094: Is a more general term encompassing all establishments serving coffee and alcohol drinks only, while kavana is the name for distinctly styled bistros described in this article. Currently, there are 5,206 kafeani in the country. According to the State Statistical Office, there are 989 kafeani (19% of the total number) in the capital Skopje , 413 in Tetovo , 257 in Bitola , 244 in Gostivar , 206 in Kumanovo , 205 in Struga , 188 in Ohrid and 161 in Strumica . City of Belgrade features many establishments equipped with extensive kitchens serving elaborate menus that are officially called restaurants yet most patrons refer to them as kafane . According to some,

296-625: Is an archaeological locality Anine  [ sr ] , also from the Roman times, with the well preserved Roman villa and a major estate around it. Anine is located 1 km (0.62 mi) from the confluence of the Ljig river into the Kolubara. There are also artifacts and monuments from the Serbian medieval period , First Serbian Uprising , Second Serbian Uprising and both World Wars , especially World War I as

333-521: Is seen as a mainly male activity, and "honest" women dare only visit finer ones, usually in the company of men. As mentioned, it is a very frequent motif of late-20th century commercial folk songs, perhaps the most famous being "I tebe sam sit kafano" ( I'm Already Sick of You, Kafana ) by Haris Džinović , "Kafana je moja sudbina" ( Kafana is My Destiny ) by Toma Zdravković , and the ubiquitous "Čaše lomim" ( I'm Breaking Glasses ), originally by Nezir Eminovski. In 2016, Albania surpassed Spain by becoming

370-471: Is sometimes confused with the more traditional meana , while the variant kafana (adopted from commercial Serbian folk-songs and popularized by domestic artists) may be used for the establishment described in this article; however, both terms are used interchangeably by some. The Slovenian kavarna shares neither its etymology nor its functionality with the Ottoman kahvehane, deriving instead from

407-598: The Balkan cities grew in size and became more urbanized, kafana also shifted its focus a bit. Some started serving food and offering other enticements to potential customers since owners now had to compete with other similar establishments around the city. Most bigger towns and cities in this period had a Gradska kafana (City kafana) located in or around main square where the most affluent and important individuals of that city would come to see and be seen. Prices in this particular kafana would usually be higher compared to others around

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444-450: The Ottomans ruled Bosnia. They are now mostly frequented by local elders as well as the occasional tourist, and their numbers are dwindling. Most of the old centerpiece Gradske Kafane have been visually modernized and had their names changed in the process to something snappy and western-sounding. Most other establishments that offer similar fare target a younger crowd and prefer not to use

481-487: The SFR Yugoslavia with decay, sloth, pain, backwardness and sorrow. Pop culture played a significant part in this transformation. With the expansion of radio and television, popular folk singers began to emerge, and they often used kafana themes in their songs. Since the connection between commercial folk and rural regressiveness was already well established, kafana, too, acquired a negative reputation by extension. During

518-580: The 1960s, in contrast to the state-sponsored Partisan films , Yugoslav movies of the Black Wave movement started depicting contemporary individuals from the margins of society. Run-down kafane would feature prominently in such stories. Socially relevant films like I Even Met Happy Gypsies , When Father Was Away on Business , Život je lep , Do You Remember Dolly Bell? , Specijalno vaspitanje , Kuduz , etc. all had memorable, dramatic scenes that take place in dilapidated rural or suburban kafana. Soon,

555-427: The 1980s, term kafana became almost an insult and most owners would steer clear of calling their places by that name, preferring westernized terms like restaurant , cafe , bistro , coffee bar , and so on, instead. On the other hand, terms birtija , bircuz and krčma are also used to denote, usually rural or suburban, filthy kafane. During the 1970s and 1980s the term kafana became synonymous in

592-489: The 20th century rolled on, Balkan cities saw waves upon waves of rural population coming in, especially after World War II , and kafane diversified accordingly. Some continued to uphold a higher standard of service, while others began to cater to newly arrived rural population that mostly found employment in factories and on construction sites. This is when the term kafana slowly began to be associated with something undesirable and suitable only for lower classes of society. By

629-581: The Adriatic seaports of Dubrovnik and Herceg Novi . In 1928, the Obrenovac line was extended to Belgrade, which promoted the town into a railway hub of major importance. The lots around the railway were quickly urbanized and mostly turned into the kafanas . In the late 1930s there were 11 kafanas in Lajkovac, as people had to make connections in Lajkovac since it was a crossroad from all four sides (Belgrade, Aranđelovac, Mladenovac, Sarajevo). Especially popular

666-617: The area appeared during the Ottoman expansion in the 16th century, popping up in Belgrade , Buda , Sarajevo and other cities under Ottoman control. Further west, in Zagreb , the first coffee-serving establishments were recorded in 1636. In these kavotočja or Kaffeebuden , coffee and snacks were sold and consumed in a vehicle similar to a circus wagon . The first known modern-day kavana in Zagreb

703-412: The city that didn't enjoy the privilege of such an exclusive location. The concept of live music was introduced in the early 20th century by kafana owners looking to offer different kinds of entertainment to their guests. Naturally, in the absence of mass media these bands strictly had a local character and would only play folk music that was popular within a particular region where the city lies. As

740-544: The coffeehouses of Vienna and thus not offering its guests alcoholic beverages or entertainment in the form of folk music. The term 'kavarna' is of Slovenian origin, like related Slovene terms for shopping or drinking venues such as 'pekarna' (bakery) and 'gostilna' (tavern). Nowadays in Serbia, the term kafana is similarly used to describe any informal eatery serving traditional cuisine, as well as some other classical kafana dishes like karađorđeva . The first coffeehouses in

777-586: The contemporary kafana. This distinct type of establishment is known by several slightly differing names depending on country and language: The word itself, irrespective of regional differences, is derived from the Turkish kahvehane ' coffeehouse ', which is in turn derived from the Persian term qahveh-khaneh (a compound of the Arabic qahve 'coffee' and Persian khane 'house'). In Macedonia , kafeana

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814-504: The country with the most coffee houses per capita in the world. In fact, there are 654 coffee houses per 100,000 inhabitants in Albania, a country with only 2.5 million inhabitants. This is due to coffee houses closing down in Spain due to the economic crisis, and the fact that as many cafes open as they close in Albania. In addition, the fact that it was one of the easiest ways to make a living after

851-547: The early 20th century was Zlatna moruna ( transl.  The Golden Beluga ) at the Zeleni Venac neighbourhood where Young Bosnia conspirators frequently gathered while plotting the June 1914 assassination of Austro-Hungarian archduke Franz Ferdinand . Certain kafane had their names preserved through the structures that succeeded them in the same location; Palace Albanija , built in 1940 in central Belgrade got its name from

888-569: The fall of communism in Albania, together with the country's Ottoman legacy further reinforce the strong dominance of coffee culture in Albania. Probably the purest form of kafana can be found in Bosnia where no food is served (differentiating kafana from ćevabdžinica , aščinica and buregdžinica ), staying true to the original Turkish coffee and alcohol concept. In Bosnian cities with large Muslim populations, one can still find certain old kafane that probably didn't look much different back when

925-674: The first kafana in Belgrade opened sometime after 1738, when the Ottomans recaptured the city from the Austrians. Its name was Crni orao (Black Eagle) and it was located in Dorćol neighbourhood, at the intersection of today's Kralja Petra and Dušanova streets. Its patrons were only served Turkish black coffee poured from silver ibrik into a fildžan as well as nargile . The concept of eating in Serbian kafane

962-551: The kafana that used to be there from 1860 until 1936. Post World War II period gave a rise in popularity to kafane like Šumatovac , Pod lipom ( transl.  Under the Linden Tree ), and Grmeč in Makedonska Street (nicknamed the 'Bermuda triangle'), Manjež, as well as later establishments like Madera , Kod Ive ( transl.  Ivo's ), and Klub književnika ( transl.  The Writers' Club ). Even

999-491: The major Battle of Kolubara against the invading Austro-Hungarian army was fought in the area in November-December 1914. The town was heavily flooded by the Kolubara river. In July 1926 the water destroyed the entire agricultural output, also flooding the railway. The area was also damaged during the catastrophic 2014 Southeast Europe floods . Aside from the town of Lajkovac, the following settlements are comprised in

1036-467: The mid-1980s, kafić called Nana in Senjak neighbourhood became a favourite tough guy and mobster hangout. The trend of moving away from the term kafana continued into the 1990s, and early 2000s. With gentrification taking root in many parts of central Belgrade, these new establishments mostly stay away from traditionalism. Good examples of this would be the numerous watering holes that have sprung up over

1073-624: The municipality of Lajkovac: According to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Lajkovac has 15,475 inhabitants. The ethnic composition of the municipality: Unlike the past, when the railway was the leading employer in the area, most of Lajkovac inhabitants today work at surface pits of the Kolubara coal basin , that stretch on the municipal areas of Lajkovac, Lazarevac and Ub . Other major industries include agriculture (especially dairy and fruit production), electricity wiring metal constructions and textile manufacturing. Thanks to

1110-420: The outbreak of World War I , the Serbian government started construction of line to Čačak , but the early war operations halted the development. In 1914, Dual Monarchy army stormed the city and destroyed much of the infrastructure; shortly afterwards, however the same force continued construction of a line to Čačak. After the end of the war in 1921, Čačak line was completed, connecting Lajkovac with Sarajevo and

1147-465: The owners of places that cater to them began avoiding it altogether. Terms such as "kafić", initially and later "kafe" began to be used more frequently. An example would be Zlatni papagaj ( transl.  Golden Parrot ) in Belgrade, a kafić that opened in September 1979 and almost immediately became the main gathering point for the city's well-dressed youngsters from affluent families. Similarly in

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1184-471: The surface mining, Lajkovac is usually among the municipalities with the highest average wage and employment figures in Serbia. Tourist spots in the town and its vicinity include the Bogovađa Monastery and the memorial Saint George's Church in the village of Ćelije. Lajkovac was well known for its watermills (Serbian: vodenica ). There are several still operational in 2018 though they are mostly

1221-508: The term kafana . However, stereotypical kafanas hold some popularity amongst high-schoolers and students, as well as working-class men, who frequent them as places to binge drink due to their affordable prices. In Croatia , the term for kafana is ka v ana (as coffee is spelled kava in Croatian ) and they differ widely between continental Croatia and the Dalmatian coast . Kafić (pl. kafići )

1258-450: The traditionally upscale restaurant joints like Ruski car ( transl.  Russian Tsar ) and Grčka Kraljica ( transl.  Greek Queen ) weren't above being referred to as kafana. Things have somewhat changed, however, since approximately the 1970s with the influx of Western pop and media cultures taking root. Most of the younger Serbian crowd started to associate the term kafana with something archaic and passé so

1295-850: Was introduced in the 19th century when the menu consisted mostly of simply snacks, such as ćevapčići . The menus soon expanded as food became large part of the appeal of Belgrade kafane that originated in the 19th and early 20th century like the famous ″ ? ″ ( transl.  Question Mark ), Lipov lad ( transl.  The Linden Tree's Shade , opened in 1928), and Tri lista duvana ( transl.  Three Tobacco Leaves ), as well as Skadarlija bohemian spots Tri šešira ( transl.  Three Hats ), Dva bela goluba ( transl.  Two White Doves ), Šešir moj ( transl.  Hat of Mine ), Dva jelena ( transl.  Two Deer ), Zlatni bokal ( transl.  The Golden Pitcher ), and Ima dana ( transl.  There are Days ). Another kafana that gained notoriety during

1332-411: Was opened in 1749, and the institution was commonplace in Zagreb and many other Croatian cities by the end of the 18th century. By the 19th century, a distinction arose between the kavane , which were high-society establishments, and the working-class kavotočja . During the 18th and early 19th century, running a kafana was a family business, a craft, passed on from generation to generation. As

1369-471: Was the Železnička restoracija ("Railway restaurant"), which is still operation as of March 2018. Among notable frequent guests were politician Mehmed Spaho and mathematician Mika Petrović Alas . The town prospered greatly becoming a major railway crossroads and this period is today considered as the Lajkovac's "Golden Age". There were 41 railway tracks in town itself, with one train arriving every 10 minutes. At one point, there were 1,500 railwaymen working on

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