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82-516: In mid-1984, Jamaican musician George "Buddy" Haye went on tour in the United States with the Wailing Souls . Before he left Jamaica, Buddy had promised a young musician named Noel Davey that he would buy a synthesizer while in the United States and bring it back to him. Wailing frontman Rudolph "Garth" Dennis had recommended Davey as an up-and-coming talent to foster. Although Davey was expecting

164-494: A Firehouse in 1988, although it was not released until 1991. They moved on to work with King Jammy on the 1989 album Stormy Night which was successful enough in the US to prompt the group to return there in 1991. After moving to the US they added new member Maisha and signed to Sony 's Chaos label. Their first major label album, All Over the World (1992) received a Grammy nomination

246-554: A compilation album of Cochran's hits. On the night of April 16, 1960, Cochran and his friend and fellow performing artist, Gene Vincent , had just finished performing at the last of their scheduled concerts at the Bristol Hippodrome . They were traveling along the Bath Road in a taxi (a cream-coloured 1960 model Ford Consul Mark II saloon) from Bristol towards London to Heathrow Airport . In addition to Cochran and Vincent,

328-453: A cover version of this song with them providing new verses of rapping. UB40 covered it on their 2018 album, A Real Labour of Love . American hyperpop duo 100 gecs use a remixed version of the riddim for the song "The Most Wanted Person in the United States" from their 2023 album 10,000 Gecs . The Wailing Souls The Wailing Souls (originally The Renegades ) are a Jamaican reggae vocal group whose origins date back to

410-576: A few songs for him, including Cochran's "Twenty Flight Rock". Lennon was so impressed that he invited McCartney to play in his band, the Quarrymen . From a young age, Jimi Hendrix was influenced by Cochran. Hendrix performed " Summertime Blues " early in his career, with his band the Jimi Hendrix Experience in 1967. In his own words, Hendrix requested a few of Cochran's songs to be played at his funeral. "I tell you, when I die I'm going to have

492-426: A future together. In 1988, Levi Strauss & Co. promoted their Levi's 501 range with a television commercial called Eddie Cochran , directed by Syd Macartney. It told the story of how Sheeley (played by actress Sharon Devlin) attracted Cochran at the 1958 party by wearing said product. It was supposedly narrated by Sheeley. The background song, "C'mon Everybody", was released as a promotional single, followed by

574-454: A hit in '83. Davey and Smith brought the riddim and toast to noted producer and dub mixer King Jammy in December of 1984. Jammy slowed the riddim down, matched it to Smith's singing key and placed piano and clap tracks over it. While Jammy recalled knowing immediately that he had helped create something special once he listened to the final mix, he also said he was still completely unprepared for

656-461: A jam session. I want people to go wild and freak out. And knowing me, I'll probably get busted at my own funeral. The music will be played loud and it will be our music. I won't have any Beatles songs, but I'll have a few of Eddie Cochran's things and a whole lot of blues." Pete Townshend of the Who was heavily influenced by Cochran's guitar style ("Summertime Blues" was a staple of live performances by

738-502: A live album Playin' with Elvis , on ECR. In 2016, Manning told PopWrapped , "I love rock and roll … the early stuff like Eddie Cochran and Buddy Holly, not to mention Elvis, was very important to me." The English band Humble Pie did a rendition of Cochran's " C'mon, Everybody " and the song featured on their album Smokin' (1972). The glam rock artist Marc Bolan had his main Gibson Les Paul guitar refinished in

820-517: A long time, but nobody actually recognized it. The way I look at it, rhythm and blues y'know, and blues has been around for so long, and then they kind of blended country and western music in with it y'know. I think it's going to be here for a long time, but changing. Another aspect of Cochran's short but brilliant career is his work as a session musician and producer. In 1959, Cochran played lead for Skeets McDonald at Columbia's studios for "You Oughta See Grandma Rock" and "Heart Breaking Mama". In

902-534: A member of the Beat Boys and the backing band for Vincent, recollected, "I remember Eddie playing guitar and we were astounded." During the progression of the tour, Cochran's fiancé Sharon Sheeley had flown in from America and joined them in late March. From a distance, Sheeley had kept track of Cochran's performances in England , when he had sent her postcards and letters. Using a map, she tried to pinpoint exactly where he

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984-549: A new album with Sly and Robbie . The group released the album Island Girl in 2017. The group have recorded cover versions of a wide variety of songs, such as Kate and Anna McGarrigle 's " Heartbeats Accelerating ", The Who 's " My Generation ", The Beatles ' " Tomorrow Never Knows ", Bob Dylan 's " Like a Rolling Stone ", and The Rolling Stones ' "Black Angel". Eddie Cochran Ray Edward Cochran ( / ˈ k ɒ k r ən / KOK -rən ; October 3, 1938 – April 17, 1960), known professionally as Eddie Cochran ,

1066-566: A programmable synthesizer (he had been promised a Yamaha DX7 ) Garth delivered a consumer-grade Casiotone MT-40 keyboard . This keyboard only held recordings of sound, triggered by user input, rather than waveform generators whose outputs can be extensively modified, as on more expensive keyboards like the DX7 (the 1984 retail price of the DX7 was $ 1,995, almost fourteen times the cost of the MT-40). Undeterred, Davey and fellow musician Wayne Smith played with

1148-460: A rock-and-roll and rockabilly classic. In the spring of 1956, Boris Petroff asked Cochran if he would appear in the musical comedy film The Girl Can't Help It (1956). Cochran agreed and performed the song " Twenty Flight Rock " in the movie. In 1957, Cochran starred in his second film, Untamed Youth (1957), and had yet another hit, " Sittin' in the Balcony ", one of the few songs he recorded that

1230-521: A session for Gene Vincent in March 1958, he contributed his trademark bass voice, as heard on "Summertime Blues". The recordings were issued on the album A Gene Vincent Record Date . Cochran worked mainly as a guitarist, and sometimes as a vocalist and arranger for other artists, such as Mamie Van Doren , Baker Knight , Johnny Burnette , Wynn Stewart , and Al Casey . In early 1959, two of Cochran's friends, Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens , along with

1312-478: A sharply dressed and attractive young man with a rebellious attitude epitomized the stance of the 1950s rocker, and in death, Cochran achieved iconic status. Cochran was involved with music from an early age, playing in the school band and teaching himself to play blues guitar. In 1955, Cochran formed a duo with the guitarist Hank Cochran (no relation) and became known as the Cochran Brothers. When they split

1394-454: Is also a memorial stone on the grounds of St Martin's Hospital in Bath, commemorating Cochran's death. The stone was restored in 2010 on the 50th anniversary of his death and can be found in the old chapel grounds at the hospital. A memorial plaque was also placed next to the sundial at the back of the old chapel. The Eddie Cochran Memorial Project spearheaded a fundraising campaign in 2018 to restore

1476-518: Is widely credited with single-handedly transitioning reggae from analog to computerized production. This transition to digital music production using synthesizers, drum machines and samplers follows the computerization of hip-hop music, which, like reggae, had been recorded with a band and traditional music instruments. Given the lasting consequences of the Sleng Teng riddim, the MT-40's "rock" preset has been

1558-724: The Gretsch 6120 guitar, with a Wild West "G" branded into the body’s bass bout. In 2010, Gretch and Fender Musical Instruments Corporation announced the G6120 Eddie Cochran Signature Hollow Body model , based on Cochran's original modified Gretsch. A range of artists have covered Cochran's songs, such as Joan Jett and the Blackhearts , The Who , the Rolling Stones , Bruce Springsteen , UFO , Van Halen , Tom Petty , Rod Stewart , T. Rex , Cliff Richard ,

1640-465: The "D" bass button (second from left) while the MT-40 rhythm selector slider is in the "rock" position. It cannot be triggered after the rhythm function has been started. Davey and Wayne Smith arranged the first version of the Sleng Teng riddim, which was considerably faster than the final release. Smith then rehearsed a toast over the riddim, with lyrics inspired by Barrington Levy 's "Under Mi Sensi",

1722-401: The "overused Studio One classics". Third, its success promoted the wide use of digital production methods, where "a keyboard synthesizer, sequencer, and drum machine, or access to these, could generate a new riddim, without having to spend money on studio time or studio musicians." Sleng Teng is among the most versioned (rerecorded) of Jamaican riddims , with nearly 500 versions. The riddim

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1804-471: The 100 greatest guitarists of all time. The Very Best of Eddie Cochran was released by EMI Records on June 2, 2008. On September 27, 2010, the mayor of Bell Gardens, California , declared October 3, 2010, to be "Eddie Cochran Day" to celebrate the famous musician who began his career when living in that city. On June 10, 2022, Cochran's hometown of Albert Lea, Minnesota renamed James Street to Eddie Cochran Street in his honor. On May 23, 2023, Cochran

1886-518: The 1950s, both lyrically and musically. The song, released by Liberty recording no. 55144, charted at number 8 in 1958. Originally, Cochran toured with The Kelly Four as his backing band, guitarist Mike Deasy , saxophonist Mike Henderson, bassist Dave Shriver , and drummer Gene Riggio . They were known as The Hollywood Swingers, a reference to Dick D'Agostin 's band. The line-up of Cochran's touring band would change over time, with saxophonist Jim Seals and bassist Connie 'Guybo' Smith , and

1968-539: The 1959 hit song "Somethin' Else" with Eddie's brother Bill Cochran. Sheeley had been romantically interested in Cochran for two years, seemingly unrequited. Originally brunette, she dyed her hair blonde and spent money on a new wardrobe, in an attempt to impress Cochran. In 1958, after attending a New Year's Eve party hosted by Cochran in New York , the couple started dating. They were secretly engaged by 1960, and were planning

2050-422: The 1960s. The group has undergone several line-up changes over the years with Winston "Pipe" Matthews and Lloyd "Bread" McDonald the only constant members. They have been nominated for Grammy Awards three times. The group was originally formed as The Renegades in 1966, comprising Winston "Pipe" Matthews, Lloyd "Bread" McDonald, and George "Buddy" Haye, who had attended the same vocal classes held by Joe Higgs in

2132-424: The Balcony". For the album, Cochran worked with manager and songwriter Jerry Capehart , and wrote the songs "Completely Sweet", "Undying Love", "When I'm Mad", and Cochran original "One Kiss". In 1958, Cochran seemed to find his stride in the famous teenage anthem " Summertime Blues " (co-written with Jerry Capehart). With this song, Cochran was established as one of the most important influences on rock and roll in

2214-737: The Beach Boys , Led Zeppelin , the White Stripes , the Sex Pistols , Sid Vicious , Rush , Simple Minds , George Thorogood , Guitar Wolf , Alan Jackson , the Move , David Bowie , Johnny Hallyday and U2 . It was because Paul McCartney knew the chords and words to " Twenty Flight Rock " that he became a member of the Beatles . On July 6, 1957, McCartney met John Lennon at the St. Peter's Church and performed

2296-474: The Big Bopper , were killed in a plane crash while on tour on February 3, 1959. Cochran's friends and family later said that he was badly shaken by their deaths, and he developed a morbid premonition that he also would die young. Shortly after their deaths, Cochran recorded a song (written by disc jockey Tommy Dee) in tribute to them, " Three Stars ". He was anxious to give up life on the road and spend his time in

2378-567: The British Ragga , Jungle Music and drum and bass scenes. The riddim was used by British duo Dr Calculus on their 1986 single "Perfume from Spain". British breakbeat hardcore group SL2 sampled the bassline for their UK hit rave track "Way in My Brain" in 1991. American electronic duo Discovery uses a similar musical style in "Slang Tang" from their album LP in a nod to Sleng Teng. British musician M.I.A. references Sleng Teng in

2460-445: The Cochran Brothers and began performing together. They recorded a few singles for Ekko Records that were fairly successful and helped to establish them as a performing act. Eddie Cochran also worked as a session musician and began writing songs, making a demo with Jerry Capehart , his future manager . In July 1956, Eddie Cochran's first "solo artist" single was released by Crest Records . It featured "Skinny Jim", now regarded as

2542-466: The United States, and on their return to Jamaica, Haye stayed behind as did Dennis, until he returned to Jamaica and Black Uhuru in 1985. Remaining members Matthews and McDonald launched a new era of the group in 1986 with singer Ziggy Thomas added to the line-up, working with producer Delroy Wright and going on to release the albums Lay It on the Line (1986) and Kingston 14 (1987), and recording Reggae in

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2624-519: The Wailers later that year on the Tuff Gong singles "Harbour Shark", "Walk Walk Walk", and "You Should've Known Better". By 1974 Downer and Davis had left, and original member Buddy Haye returned, along with Joe Higgs, although Higgs' tenure in the band was short-lived as he was recruited for a US tour with Jimmy Cliff . His replacement was Rudolph "Garth" Dennis , a founder member of Black Uhuru . In

2706-531: The Who for most of their career, until the death of bassist and vocalist John Entwistle in 2002, and is featured on their album Live at Leeds ). San Francisco Sound band Blue Cheer 's version of "Summertime Blues" was their only hit and signature song, and has been described as the first heavy metal song. Producer Terry Manning recorded a live version of " Somethin' Else " in concert, held inside Elvis Presley 's first house in Memphis . In 2019, he released

2788-567: The addition of pianist Jim Stivers . They were eventually joined by various members from Dick D'Agostin and The Swingers. In 1959, The Swingers line-up became muti-instrumentalist with pianist Dick D'Agostin, pianist Jim Stivers (briefly on bass), guitarist Larry D'Agostin , saxophonist Paul Kaufman , and drummer Gene Riggio. However, D'Agostin left and was called-up to enlist into the U.S. Army. Members from The Kelly Four returned, Deasy and Henderson, with Stivers and Riggio being accompanied by bassist Don Meyer (later replaced by Dave Shriver). This

2870-649: The age of 21 in St Martin's Hospital, Bath, Somerset , after a car accident in Chippenham , Wiltshire , at the end of his British tour with Gene Vincent in April 1960. On April 16, after they had just performed at the Bristol Hippodrome , on their way to their next venue, Vincent, Cochran and the songwriter Sharon Sheeley were involved in a high-speed traffic accident in a private-hire taxi. The other two passengers survived with major injuries, but Cochran, who had been thrown from

2952-504: The airport, "You know, Shari, I've got a queer feeling that Fate’s not going to let us [be together]. Something awful is going to happen— I can feel it." Martin was convicted of dangerous driving, fined £50 (and in default of payment six months' imprisonment), and disqualified from driving for 15 years. His driving disqualification was lifted on May 7, 1968, after the judge at Bristol Assizes determined that Martin "had suffered considerable financial hardship". The car and other items from

3034-457: The base of the skull. Martin did not sustain significant injuries. Vincent and Sheeley returned to the United States after the accident. Cochran's body was flown home, and after a funeral service was buried on April 25, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Cypress, California . In August 1960, Sheeley told Photoplay magazine , that Cochran said to her on his last day, just before entering the taxi to

3116-595: The bassline was something I came up with myself. It wasn’t based on any other tune.” According to Okuda, there was some talk at the Casio corporation of attempting to defend their intellectual property from its free use in "Under Me Sleng Teng" with lawsuits. However, other voices at Casio (among them the head of the Musical Instrument division, co-founder of the company, and second-eldest Kashio brother, Toshio Kashio ) prevailed. Toshio Kashio in particular felt strongly that

3198-509: The bill, they were accompanied by British acts Billy Fury , Joe Brown , Vince Eager , and Tony Sheridan . At the beginning of the tour, Cochran first performed a memorable show in Ipswich , Suffolk at the cinema venue Ipswich Gaumont . Cochran was backed by Marty Wilde 's band The Wildcats throughout the 1960 tour, exposing the British audience to live American rock 'n' roll. Georgie Fame , then

3280-666: The charts in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom in 1960. He remained popular in the United States and United Kingdom through the late 1950s and early 1960s, and more of his records were posthumous hits, such as "My Way", " Weekend ", and "Nervous Breakdown". Throughout his music career, Cochran made a few television appearances. On October 22, 1957 in Portland , Oregon , Cochran appeared on KPTV 's High Time , hosted by Gene Brendler, and sang "Am I Blue?". During late 1957, Cochran

3362-402: The collision caused the left rear passenger door to open, and Cochran was ejected from the vehicle, sustaining a massive traumatic brain injury from blunt force trauma to the skull or a cerebral contusion . The road was dry, and the weather was good, but the vehicle was later determined to be travelling at an excessive speed. No other vehicle was involved in the incident. The occupants of

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3444-447: The company's mission ought to be “bringing the pleasure of playing a musical instrument to everyone.” Despite the minuscule size and fiscal importance of the Musical Instrument division compared with the company's calculator division, then its main breadwinner, Toshio Kashio's defence of free use set a decisive corporate precedent. To the present day Casio's response to clearance requests for the "rock" preset has been an acknowledgement that

3526-473: The covers album Psychedelic Souls in 1998, which was recorded with members of Sublime and the Long Beach Dub Allstars , and brought the group a second Grammy nomination. The self-produced Equality followed in 2000, which featured reworkings of old songs recorded with Sly and Robbie, and saw the band receive their third Grammy nomination. They also contributed the song "Renegade Survivor" to

3608-405: The crash were impounded at the local police station until a coroner's inquest could be held. David Harman, a police cadet at the station, who would later become known as Dave Dee of the band Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich , is said to have played on Cochran's Gretsch 6120 guitar while it was held at the station. There is a plaque marking the site of the car crash on Rowden Hill. There

3690-442: The early 1960s as The Wailers . Matthews had previously recorded as a member of The Schoolboys for Prince Buster . They recorded as backing singers with Ernest Ranglin and released their own debut single, "Lost Love", before recording several singles for Clement "Coxsone" Dodd 's Studio One label, including "Back Out With It", "Row Fisherman Row", and "Mr. Fire Coal Man". The group became The Wailing Souls in 1968 and in

3772-465: The following year, Eddie began a song-writing career with Jerry Capehart . His first success came when he performed the song " Twenty Flight Rock " in the film The Girl Can't Help It , starring Jayne Mansfield . Soon afterward, he signed a recording contract with Liberty Records and his first record for the label, " Sittin' in the Balcony ", rose to number 18 on the Billboard charts . Cochran died at

3854-507: The following year, and they became the first reggae group to appear on The Tonight Show . Four tracks from the album were used on the soundtrack of the film Cool Runnings . A second album for Sony, Live On (1994), this time released on the Zoo label, failed to repeat the success of its predecessor, and the group were dropped. They continued to record, releasing the Tension album in 1997, and

3936-417: The keyboard for several weeks. One day Davey accidentally triggered the "rock" bassline preset, which he heard for a few seconds before the keyboard setting was changed and the rhythm ceased playing. He and Wayne spent most of the next week trying combination after combination of the Casio's settings until Davey re-discovered the "rock" bass preset. The preset is accessed by pressing the "synchro" button and then

4018-575: The mid-1970s, The Wailing Souls association with producer Joseph Hoo Kim and his Channel One Studios brought them a string of hits, backed by house band The Revolutionaries , including "Back Biter", "Very Well", "Things and Time", "Jah Jah Give Us Life", and "War". In 1977 the band started their own 'Massive' label, further hits following in "Bredda Gravalicious" and "Feel the Spirit". The band's success reached another level in 1978 when their Wild Suspense album, featuring remixed tracks from their singles,

4100-439: The other passengers in the vehicle were Sharon Sheeley , Patrick Tompkins (the tour manager, 29 years old), and George Martin (the 19-year-old taxi driver). At about 11:50 p.m. that night, Martin lost control of the vehicle, which crashed into a concrete lamppost at Rowden Hill in Chippenham . At the moment of impact, Cochran (who was seated in the center of the back seat) threw himself over Sheeley to shield her. The force of

4182-577: The plaque and install a brand new "Three Steps to Heaven" base at the Chippenham crash site. While they were preparing to board their taxi, Vincent and Cochran rebuffed musician Tony Sheridan 's request to ride along with them, resulting in Sheridan's avoiding involvement in the accident. A posthumous album, My Way , was released in 1964. Cochran was a prolific performer, and the British label Rockstar Records has released more of his music posthumously than

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4264-459: The radio. In 1952, Cochran's family moved to Bell Gardens, California . As his guitar playing improved, Cochran formed a band with two friends from his junior high school. In January 1955, Cochran dropped out of Bell Gardens High School in his first year to become a professional musician. During a show featuring many performers at an American Legion hall, Cochran met Hank Cochran , a songwriter. Although they were not related, they recorded as

4346-458: The response to Sleng Teng's first public performance. The song was unleashed as part of a now-legendary sound clash between Jammy's own sound system and the Black Scorpio at Waltham Park Road on February 23, 1985. Jammy won the clash by acclamation, with the audience demanding "Under Me Sleng Teng" be played over and over. According to Jammy, the opposing sound, Black Scorpio, had to "lock off

4428-529: The same year Haye left and new members Oswald Downer and Norman Davis joined. Under the new name they recorded singles such as "Dungeon" and "Thou Shalt Not Steal". In 1970 the group began working with producer Lloyd Daley , releasing the "Gold Digger" single. In this period, their singles were often released under names such as The Little Roys, The Classics, Atarra, and Pipe and the Pipers, to avoid confusion with The Wailers. They went on to record with members of

4510-591: The song “uses a sound file taken from a Casio MT-40”, and no fee. The preset is accessed by pressing the "synchro" button and then the "D" bass button (second from left) while the MT-40 rhythm slider is in the "rock" position. Scholars Peter Manuel and Wayne Marshall argue that Sleng Teng "was seminal in various ways ... [it] further consolidated the trend toward the new production of riddims based on short ostinatos , rather than reliance on vintage B-side tracks, with their occasionally problematic chord progressions." Secondly, it sounded thoroughly novel and different from

4592-468: The sound" because no one wanted to hear Scorpio anymore. Jammy formally released this version a week later as a single on his own label. Jammy also recorded a number of other artists (in addition to Wayne Smith) on this Sleng Teng backing track. These included Tenor Saw (with "Pumpkin Belly") and Johnny Osbourne (with "Buddy Bye"). The Sleng Teng riddim went on to spawn nearly 500 cover versions. Its success

4674-486: The soundtrack of the animated motion picture Titan A.E. in 2000. In 2006 they released Classic Jamaican Flava , a two disc set featuring a compact disc and a DVD of a live performance in San Francisco, California. In 2008 Dennis returned to the group. Their track "Things and Time" was included in the soundtrack of the 2010 film Dear John . In April 2015 it was reported that McDonald and Matthews were working on

4756-573: The spoken lyrics about Valens and Holly. In 1987, Cochran was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . His pioneering contribution to the genre of rockabilly has also been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame . Several of his songs have been re-released since his death, such as "C'mon Everybody", which was a number 14 hit in 1988 in the UK. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 84 on its 2003 list of

4838-464: The studio making music, thereby reducing the chance of suffering a similar fatal accident while touring. Financial responsibilities, however, required that Cochran continue to perform live, and that led to his acceptance of an offer to tour the United Kingdom in 1960. Organized and promoted by Larry Parnes , Cochran and Gene Vincent toured the United Kingdom from January through to April 1960. On

4920-596: The subject of considerable speculation. The famous preset was composed in 1980 by a then newly-hired music engineer at Casio , Okuda Hiroko . She was assigned to create several of the MT-40 consumer keyboard's presets, among them a "rock" rhythm. Okuda had been hired fresh out of music school, where she had produced one of Japan's first graduate theses on reggae. In 2022 she described herself as having been immersed in reggae for several years before her 1980 hire by Casio (the previous year, during Bob Marley's only visit to Japan, Okuda had attended more than three performances from

5002-613: The tour). Tellingly, the "rock" preset is not usable at a normal rock and roll tempo (around 172 bpm ). Only when the tempo knob is turned down to the 80-110 bpm range, home to reggae and dub , does it become possible to play a reasonable accompaniment. Okuda learned of her part in "Under Me Sleng Teng"'s global success more than a year and a half into the track's dominion over the reggae charts, and six years after producing its riddim. In August of 1986 an article titled “The Sleng Teng Flood” appeared in Japan's Music Magazine . The article detailed

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5084-492: The track " Dancehall Queen " on her album Body Talk . American rock band 311 also quote the lyrics in their song "Who's Got the Herb". American dub reggae band TATANKA did two different takes of this riddim, one being an instrumental dub version called "Show Me Love" dub and the other a full-on instrumentation version complete with their own originally written lyrics and vocals. American hip-hop group Cypress Hill recorded

5166-483: The track "Pull Up the People" on her album Arular . Wayne Smith's "Under Mi Sleng Teng" has also been used in the promotional trailer on British TV Channel 4 show This Is England '86 . The bass line of " Caress Me Down " by notable American reggae rock group Sublime features the famous Sleng Teng riddim from Wayne Smith's 1985 song "Under Mi Sleng Teng". Swedish electronic artist Robyn references "Sleng Teng" in

5248-461: The vehicle were all taken to Chippenham Community Hospital and later transferred to St. Martin's Hospital in Bath . Cochran never regained consciousness and died, aged 21, at 4:10 p.m. the following day – Easter Sunday. Sheeley suffered injuries to her back and thigh, Vincent suffered a fractured collarbone and severe injuries to his legs, and Tompkins sustained facial injuries and a possible fracture of

5330-485: The vehicle, suffered serious brain injuries and died the next day. Though Cochran's best-known songs were released during his lifetime, more of his songs were released posthumously. In 1987, Cochran was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . His songs have been recorded by a wide variety of recording artists. Paul McCartney himself chose Cochran's " Twenty Flight Rock " as his audition piece, assured to impress John Lennon by his performance of it, which he did and

5412-562: The wave of dozens and dozens of reggae songs being produced in Jamaica, all based on a Casiotone keyboard preset. After the worldwide success of Sleng Teng many speculated as to the ultimate source of the "rock" preset. At first Eddie Cochran 's 1958 song " Somethin' Else " or the Sex Pistols ' 1976 track " Anarchy in the UK " were thought to be prime candidates, with "Somethin' Else" being widely accepted for decades by connoisseurs. In 2015 Okuda

5494-458: Was a brief interview segment on the show, and Cochran was asked about his prediction for the future of rock 'n' roll music. On October 10, 1959, he appeared on The Dick Clark Show ( Dick Clark's Saturday Night Beech-Nut ), and performed "Somethin' Else" and "Sittin' in the Balcony". I think actually rock 'n' roll will be here for quite sometime. But I don't think it's going be rock 'n' roll as we know it today...I think it has been around for

5576-413: Was an American rock and roll musician. His songs, such as " Twenty Flight Rock ", " Summertime Blues ", " C'mon Everybody " and " Somethin' Else ", captured teenage frustration and desire in the mid-1950s and early 1960s. Cochran experimented with multitrack recording , distortion techniques, and overdubbing , even on his earliest singles. Cochran played the guitar, piano, bass, and drums. His image as

5658-442: Was announced that Kristy Bell's documentary was in the works, titled Don't Forget Me. Another documentary film titled The Bell Gardens Rocker was also in production. Cochran's life is chronicled in several publications, including Don't Forget Me: The Eddie Cochran Story , by Julie Mundy and Darrel Higham ( ISBN   0-8230-7931-7 ), and Three Steps to Heaven , by Bobby Cochran ( ISBN   0-634-03252-6 ). Cochran

5740-448: Was each day on the tour. However, their tour ended abruptly. Not quite as long as Gene [Vincent]. I'll be here until April 17th, and then I go home for seven days, and then I'm back near the end of April and stay here for ten more weeks. Cochran dated singer-songwriter Sharon Sheeley . As a songwriter, Sheeley worked in the music business and for manager Jerry Capehart. She wrote " Love Again " and "Cherished Memories" for Cochran, and

5822-512: Was hired as a member of Lennon's skiffle group The Quarrymen , which later was renamed The Beatles . Cochran was born on October 3, 1938, in Albert Lea, Minnesota , to Alice and Frank R. Cochran. He was of Scottish descent. Cochran's parents were from Oklahoma. Cochran took music lessons in school but quit the band to play drums. Additionally, rather than taking piano lessons, he began learning guitar, playing country and other music he heard on

5904-596: Was honored with a blue plaque in Bristol , South West England , at the Bristol Hippodrome venue, the last place Cochran performed on his ill-fated tour in 1960. In 1963, pop star Heinz Burt and producer Joe Meek paid tribute to Cochran with the song " Just Like Eddie " which became a top five chart hit. In 1986, there was a planned biopic film titled Summertime Blues: The Eddie Cochran Story , produced by Cassian Elwes and starring Rob Lowe as Cochran. D'Agostin

5986-480: Was inspired by the track to create his own "Tempo" riddim. Jammy recorded a number of other artists aside from Wayne Smith on the original backing track artists including Tenor Saw (with "Pumpkin Belly"), and Johnny Osbourne (with "Buddy Bye"). Notable reggae/ dancehall kings Super Cat , Ninjaman , and Yellowman , as well as many more, have sampled their own versions of the Sleng Teng riddim. The "Sleng Teng" rhythm has enjoyed significant and enduring influence on

6068-545: Was involved in the pre-production stage, but the film was never made. Played by actor Jerry Zaremba, Cochran appeared in the 1978 biopic film The Buddy Holly Story , directed by Steve Rash . Cochran was played by Brian Setzer of Stray Cats in the 1987 Ritchie Valens biopic La Bamba . There have been two documentary films made on Eddie Cochran's life by the BBC, Three Steps to Heaven (aired on November 30, 1982 BBC Arena ), and Cherished Memories (2001 BBC). In 2022, It

6150-746: Was on the Biggest Show of Stars for '57 tour with Buddy Holly and The Crickets , Fats Domino , Chuck Berry , The Everly Brothers , Buddy Knox , Frankie Lymon , and Paul Anka , among others. In November 1958, Cochran performed on American Bandstand , and The Dick Clark Show ( Dick Clark's Saturday Night Beech-Nut ), in which he played his hit song "C'mon Everybody". On February 7, 1959, Cochran performed live on Town Hall Party with Dick D'Agostin and The Swingers. He played "C'mon, Everybody", "Have I Told You Lately That I Love You", "Don't Blame It On Me", "Summertime Blues", "School Days", Gene Autry 's " Be Honest With Me ", and "Money Honey". There

6232-408: Was one of the first rock-and-roll artists to write his own songs and overdub tracks. He is also credited with being one of the first to use an unwound third string to "bend" notes up a whole tone—an innovation (imparted to UK guitarist Joe Brown, who secured much session work as a result) that has since become an essential part of the standard rock guitar vocabulary. Cochran was well known for playing

6314-498: Was quoted as saying the source was a track on an unnamed 1970s British rock album. This was later speculated to be the intro to David Bowie 's " Hang On to Yourself ", the 8th track on his 1972 album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars . However, responding to the same question in 2022, Okuda said, “I did use to listen to a lot of British rock, so I’m sure there must have been songs that influenced me. But really,

6396-494: Was released during his life. The company is still looking for unpublished songs. One of his posthumous releases was " Three Stars ", a tribute to J.P. Richardson, better known as the Big Bopper , and Cochran's friends Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens , who had all died in a plane crash just one year earlier. Written just hours after the tragedy by disc jockey Tommy Dee, it was recorded by Cochran two days later (Dee recorded his own version several weeks later). His voice broke during

6478-484: Was released internationally by Island Records . In the early 1980s they recorded with Sly and Robbie for the duo's Taxi label and continued to record at Channel One for producer Henry "Junjo" Lawes , singles from this era including "Fire House Rock", which was the title track from their 1980 album, released by Greensleeves Records . In the same era they also worked with other producers such as Linval Thompson ( Wailing ). From 1981 to 1984 they were largely based in

6560-405: Was the last line-up of Cochran's touring band, returning to the name of The Kelly Four. Cochran starred in his last film Go, Johnny, Go! (1959). In January 1960, Cochran recorded his last session at Gold Star Studios . His brief music career included a few more hits, such as " C'mon, Everybody ", " Somethin' Else ", " Teenage Heaven ", and " Three Steps to Heaven ", which posthumously topped

6642-473: Was updated by Jammy in 2005 (slightly speeded up, with added horn riff ) and this variation is known as "Sleng Teng Resurrection". Several new cuts on the original Sleng Teng were also released by Jammys in 2005 in celebration of the riddim's 20th anniversary. Some of Jammy's productions based on the rhythm were also released on the albums Sleng Teng Extravaganza and Sleng Teng Extravaganza 95 . King Tubby , who had originally taught Jammy how to produce music,

6724-560: Was written by other songwriters (in this case John D. Loudermilk ). "Twenty Flight Rock" was written by AMI staff writer Ned Fairchild (a pen name—her real name is Nelda Fairchild). Fairchild, who was not a rock and roll performer, merely provided the initial form of the song; the co-writing credit reflects Cochran's major changes and contributions to the final product. In the summer of 1957, Liberty Records issued Cochran's only studio album released during his lifetime, Singin' to My Baby . The album included John D. Loudermilk's "Sittin' in

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