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126-757: Formed in 2009, alternative rock band Skysaw featured Jimmy Chamberlin along with Mike Reina and Anthony Pirog. Reina and Pirog fronted a Washington DC–based psych-pop ensemble called The Jackfields. Reina was introduced first to Chamberlin through a mutual acquaintance, and through him, Pirog. The band name is a reference to the song "Sky Saw", the opening track of Brian Eno 's album Another Green World . The band released its debut full-length album, Great Civilizations , in June 2011. The band performed live in 2011 with additional touring members, multi-instrumentalist/vocalist Boris Skalsky and guitarist Paul Wood, both of Dead Heart Bloom. On August 23, 2012, Jimmy Chamberlin revealed

252-530: A mononymous stage name ( Eno ). In 1984, he (amongst others) composed and performed the "Prophecy Theme" for the David Lynch film Dune ; the rest of the soundtrack was composed and performed by the group Toto . Eno produced performance artist Laurie Anderson 's Bright Red album, and also composed for it. Eno played on David Byrne's musical score for The Catherine Wheel , a project commissioned by Twyla Tharp to accompany her Broadway dance project of

378-726: A collaborative double A-side with Kevin Shields , for Record Store Day . In 2019, Eno participated in DAU , an immersive art and cultural installation in Paris by Russian film director Ilya Khrzhanovsky evoking life under Soviet authoritarian rule. Eno contributed six auditory ambiances. In March 2020, Eno and his brother, Roger Eno , released their collaborative album Mixing Colours . Eno provided original music for Ben Lawrence's 2021 documentary Ithaka about John Shipton 's battle to save his son, Julian Assange . In October 2022, he released

504-484: A collaborative album with long-time colleague and protege Fred again.. called Secret Life through Four Tet 's label Text Records . In June the same year, he released a collaborative single with The Leisure Society called 'Brave Are The Waves' on Willkommen Records . His work Enough was nominated for the Best Contemporary Song Ivor Novello Award on Thursday 23rd May 2024. From

630-419: A compilation album, No New York , with himself as a producer. Eno co-produced The Unforgettable Fire (1984), The Joshua Tree (1987), Achtung Baby (1991), and All That You Can't Leave Behind (2000) for U2 with his frequent collaborator Daniel Lanois , and produced 1993's Zooropa with Mark "Flood" Ellis . In 1995, U2 and Eno joined forces to create the album Original Soundtracks 1 under

756-453: A cost of £ 3,500,000 ($ 7 million) and completion date of 26 January 1963 ( Australia Day ). In reality, the project was completed ten years late and 1,357% over budget in real terms. In 1972, a construction worker was fired, leading the BLF -affiliated workers to demand his rehiring and a 25% wage increase. In response to this, all the workers were fired, and in revenge the workers broke into

882-483: A diary published in 1996. In 1996, Eno scored the six-part fantasy television series Neverwhere . In 2004, Fripp and Eno recorded another ambient music collaboration album, The Equatorial Stars . Eno returned in June 2005 with Another Day on Earth , his first major album since Wrong Way Up (with John Cale ) to prominently feature vocals (a trend he continued with Everything That Happens Will Happen Today ). The album differs from his 1970s solo work due to

1008-526: A diploma in Fine Arts at the Winchester School of Art , from which he graduated in 1969. At Winchester Eno once attended a lecture by future Who guitarist Pete Townshend , also a former student of Ascott's; he cites this as the moment when he realised he could make music without formal training. Whilst at school, Eno used a tape recorder as a musical instrument and in 1964 he joined his first group,

1134-528: A feature of the environment where I grew up. It's a very bleak place and most visitors find it quite miserable. I don't think it's miserable but it's definitely a sort of lost place in a lost time – nothing has changed in this part of England for many hundreds of years. In 1959, Eno attended St Joseph's College in Ipswich, a Catholic grammar school of the De La Salle Brothers order. His confirmation name

1260-513: A half-sister, Rita, from their mother's previous relationship. The surname Eno is derived from the French Huguenot surname Hennot. Along with the rest of the family, in particular the parents, he was raised in the Catholic faith. I like melancholy and have never found it to be the same thing as moroseness or sadness. I've always enjoyed being melancholy, perhaps because that mood is very much

1386-467: A large payment for their troubles. Before the Sydney Opera House competition, Jørn Utzon had won seven of the 18 competitions he had entered but had never seen any of his designs built. Utzon's submitted concept for the Sydney Opera House was almost universally admired and considered groundbreaking. The Assessors Report of January 1957 stated: The drawings submitted for this scheme are simple to

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1512-638: A member of the Sydney Opera House Executive Committee, states: "Utzon came up with an idea of making all the shells of uniform curvature throughout in both directions." Peter Jones, the author of Ove Arup's biography, states that "the architect and his supporters alike claimed to recall the precise eureka moment ...; the engineers and some of their associates, with equal conviction, recall discussion in both central London and at Ove's house." He goes on to claim that "the existing evidence shows that Arup's canvassed several possibilities for

1638-732: A mostly voice-based album called Foreverandevernomore . An instrumental version of the record, entitled the Forever Voiceless Edition , was released in April 2023. The single Making Gardens Out of Silence in the Uncanny Valley , which replaced the concluding track on the original release of Foreverandevernomore on the Japanese version of the CD, was released in February 2023. In May 2023, he released

1764-572: A number of solo pop albums, beginning with Here Come the Warm Jets (1974), and explored minimal music with the influential recordings Discreet Music (1975) and Ambient 1: Music for Airports (1978), with the latter coining the term "ambient music". Alongside his solo work, Eno collaborated frequently with other musicians in the 1970s, including Robert Fripp (as part of the duo Fripp & Eno ), Harmonia , Cluster , Harold Budd , David Bowie , and David Byrne . He also established himself as

1890-417: A philistine, he had been exposed before Parliament and dumped as Country Party leader for 19 years of falsely claiming a university degree. The Opera House gave Hughes a second chance. For him, as for Utzon, it was all about control; about the triumph of homegrown mediocrity over foreign genius. Differences ensued. One of the first was that Utzon believed the clients should receive information on all aspects of

2016-465: A range of humanitarian causes, Eno writes on a variety of subjects and is a founding member of the Long Now Foundation . His modern political activism has also included Gazan tragedy awareness before and during the 2023-24 Gaza–Israel conflict , climate change awareness , anti- Toryism , and the freedom and release of Julian Assange . Brian Peter George Eno was born on 15 May 1948 in

2142-627: A recording studio, retail shops, cafes, restaurants, bars including the Opera Bar and Opera Kitchen. Guided tours are available, including a frequent tour of the front-of-house spaces, and a daily backstage tour that takes visitors backstage to see areas normally reserved for performers and crew members. Planning began in the late 1940s when Eugene Goossens , the Director of the New South Wales State Conservatorium of Music , lobbied for

2268-465: A single entitled Love Without Violins . As well as singing on the track, Eno co-wrote and produced it. The single was released on the band's own record label La Folie Records on 30 September. Eno's Reflection , an album of ambient, generative music, was released on Warp Records on 1 January. 2017. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for 2018's 60th Grammy awards ceremony. In April 2018, Eno released The Weight Of History / Only Once Away My Son ,

2394-469: A sonic experience, translating our feelings about it into music. In the past we saw the universe as a perfect, divine creation – logical, finite, deterministic – and our art reflected that. The discoveries of the Space age have revealed instead a chaotic, unstable and vibrant reality, constantly changing. This music tries to reflect that new understanding. The Ship , an album with music from Eno's installation of

2520-499: A sought-after producer , working on albums by John Cale , Jon Hassell , Laraaji , Talking Heads , Ultravox , and Devo , as well as the no wave compilation No New York (1978). In subsequent decades, Eno continued to record solo albums, and produce for other artists, most prominently U2 , Coldplay and Peter Gabriel , and including Daniel Lanois , Laurie Anderson , Grace Jones , Slowdive , Karl Hyde , James , Kevin Shields , and Damon Albarn . Dating back to his time as

2646-460: A strictly structural sense. Though the shells appear uniformly white from a distance, they actually feature a subtle chevron pattern composed of 1,056,006 tiles in two colours: glossy white and matte cream. The tiles were manufactured by the Swedish company Höganäs AB which generally produced stoneware tiles for the paper-mill industry. Apart from the tile of the shells and the glass curtain walls of

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2772-517: A student, Eno has also worked in other media, including sound installations , film and writing. In the mid-1970s, he co-developed Oblique Strategies , a deck of cards featuring aphorisms intended to spur creative thinking. From the 1970s onwards, his installations have included the sails of the Sydney Opera House in 2009 and the Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank in 2016. An advocate of

2898-485: A suitable venue for large theatrical productions. The normal venue for such productions, the Sydney Town Hall , was not considered large enough. By 1954 Goossens succeeded in gaining the support of New South Wales Premier Joseph Cahill , who called for designs for a dedicated opera house. It was also Goossens who insisted that Bennelong Point be the site: Cahill had wanted it to be on or near Wynyard Railway Station in

3024-580: A theatrical persona on stage and later played the guitar. In 1969, after separating from his wife, Eno moved to London where his professional music career began. He became involved with the Scratch Orchestra and the Portsmouth Sinfonia ; Eno's first appearance on a commercially released recording is the Deutsche Grammophon edition of The Great Learning (1971) by Cornelius Cardew and

3150-465: A third solo studio album. Within this time, in January 1975, Eno was hit by a taxi cab while crossing the street and spent several weeks recuperating and room-ridden at home. During this time, one of Eno's closest friends and fellow artist Judy Nylon had brought him a record of 18th century harp music. After she had left, he put on the record and lay down. He then realised that he had set the amplifier to

3276-430: A track dedicated to Harold Budd . Before and After Science is perhaps best known for its heavily acclaimed electric-keyboard based track " By This River " and the coincidentally- anagrammed track " King's Lead Hat ", a homage to Talking Heads . In 1977 Eno assisted David Bowie and Tony Visconti for Bowie's album Low . It was during these sessions that he began work on his next solo project, released in 1978 as

3402-490: A very low volume, and one channel of the stereo was not working, but he lacked the energy to get up and correct it. Immediately following a full recovery, he began to experiment with several instruments and tools in Island Studios (now known as Basing Street Studios ). Between July and August 1975, he had recorded what would become Another Green World . The album was released on 14 November 1975 but did not chart in either

3528-420: Is a possible combination of 77 million paintings where the viewer will see different combinations of video slides prepared by Eno each time the program is launched. Likewise, the accompanying music is generated by the program so that it's almost certain the listener will never hear the same arrangement twice. The second edition of "77 Million Paintings" featuring improved morphing and a further two layers of sound

3654-462: Is also one of the first in the world to use araldite to glue the precast structural elements together and proved the concept for future use. It was also a first in mechanical engineering. Another Danish firm, Steensen Varming , was responsible for designing the new air-conditioning plant, the largest in Australia at the time, supplying over 600,000 cubic feet (17,000 m ) of air per minute, using

3780-468: Is credited as " Eno ". On the records, Eno was noted as playing the VCS 3 synthesiser , whilst also being credited for tape effects, backing vocals, and production . Initially, Eno did not appear on stage at their live shows, but operated the group's mixing desk at the centre of the concert venue where he had a microphone to sing backup vocals. After the group secured a record deal, Eno joined them on stage playing

3906-434: Is credited with 'Enossification'; on Robert Wyatt 's Ruth Is Stranger Than Richard with a Direct inject anti-jazz raygun and on John Cale 's Island albums as simply being "Eno". Eno has contributed to recordings by artists as varied as Nico , Robert Calvert , Genesis , David Bowie , and Zvuki Mu , in various capacities such as use of his studio and electronic treatments, vocals, guitar , bass guitar , and under

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4032-438: Is hailed as being groundbreaking for future developments in experimental drone and ambient music, although the term "ambient music" wasn't coined yet and had been labelled as " electronic ". The pair followed their debut with a second album Evening Star (1975), and completed a European tour before splitting due to Fripp isolating himself from the public eye after the disbanding of King Crimson. Eno's first solo studio album

4158-462: Is supported on 588 concrete piers sunk as much as 25 m (82 ft) below sea level. The highest roof point is 67 metres above sea-level which is the same height as that of a 22-storey building. The roof is made of 2,194 pre-cast concrete sections, which weigh up to 15 tonnes each. Although the roof structures are commonly referred to as "shells" (as in this article), they are precast concrete panels supported by precast concrete ribs, not shells in

4284-446: Is surrounded by substantial open public spaces, and the large stone-paved forecourt area with the adjacent monumental steps is regularly used as a performance space. The Sydney Opera House includes a number of performance venues: Other areas (for example the northern and western foyers) are also used for performances on an occasional basis. Venues are also used for conferences, ceremonies and social functions. The building also houses

4410-590: Is taken from the founder of the De La Salle Brothers, Jean-Baptiste de La Salle , giving "Brian Peter George Jean-Baptiste de la Salle Eno". During this time, he had begun to listen to several records of American black R&B , blues and doo wop artists; he specifically cited the Lafayettes, Don and Juan , the Silhouettes and Little Richard as being key American musical figures within this period. He

4536-561: The New7Wonders of the World campaign list. The facility features a modern expressionist design , with a series of large precast concrete "shells", each composed of sections of a sphere of 75.2 metres (246 ft 8.6 in) radius, forming the roofs of the structure, set on a monumental podium. The building covers 1.8 hectares (4.4 acres) of land and is 183 m (600 ft) long and 120 m (394 ft) wide at its widest point. It

4662-708: The Fripp - collaborated Evening Star (1975) and the Roedelius - Moebius collaborated Cluster & Eno (1977). In December 1977 he released Before and After Science , which featured electronic and artistic rock compositions with vocals. It was touted, by Allmusic reviewer David Ross Smith, as "a study of "studio composition" whereby recordings are created by " deconstruction and elimination". Compared to Another Green World 's nine instrumental tracks, Before and After Science only features two instrumental tracks, " Energy Fools The Magician ", and " Through Hollow Lands ",

4788-513: The Herald offered the view that: "It was not his [Utzon's] fault that a succession of Governments and the Opera House Trust should so signally have failed to impose any control or order on the project ... his concept was so daring that he himself could solve its problems only step by step ... his insistence on perfection led him to alter his design as he went along." The Sydney Opera House opened

4914-672: The Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra . As one of the most popular visitor attractions in Australia, the site is visited by more than eight million people annually, and approximately 350,000 visitors take a guided tour of the building each year. The building is managed by the Sydney Opera House Trust , an agency of the New South Wales State Government. On 28 June 1998

5040-524: The United States , along with sampled music recordings from around the world transposed over music predominantly inspired by African and Middle Eastern rhythms. In 1983, Eno collaborated with his brother, Roger , and noted accomplice and friend Daniel Lanois , on what would be Brian Eno's ninth full-length album Apollo: Atmospheres and Soundtracks . The album had been commissioned by Al Reinert for his film For All Mankind (1989). Tracks from

5166-422: The glam and art rock band Roxy Music . He had a chance meeting with saxophonist Andy Mackay at a train station, which led to him joining the band. Eno later said: "If I'd walked ten yards further on the platform, or missed that train, or been in the next carriage, I probably would have been an art teacher now". Eno played on their first two albums, Roxy Music (1972) and For Your Pleasure (1973), and

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5292-606: The minimalist - electronic record Discreet Music (1975), created with an elaborate tape-delay methodology which he diagrammed on the back cover of the LP. Considered to be a landmark of the ambient music genre and the first record of Eno's to feature his full name , the album only features four tracks, one of which is the 30-minute long " Discreet Music ", which features synthesised tape delays by Eno on an echo configuration. Gavin Bryars and The Cockpit Ensemble co-arranged and performed

5418-469: The 'spacious' quality I was after, and like Federico Fellini 's 1973 film Amarcord , it too became a touchstone to which I returned frequently." In 1980 to 1981, during which time Eno travelled to Ghana for a festival of West African music, he was collaborating with David Byrne of Talking Heads . Their album My Life in the Bush of Ghosts was built around radio broadcasts Eno collected while living in

5544-402: The 1986 album Measure for Measure by Australian band Icehouse . He remixed two tracks for Depeche Mode , " I Feel You " and " In Your Room ", both single releases from the album Songs of Faith and Devotion in 1993. In 1995, Eno provided one of several remixes of " Protection " by Massive Attack (originally from their Protection album) for release as a single. In 2007, Eno produced

5670-414: The 1990s, Eno worked increasingly with self-generating musical systems, the results of which he called generative music . This allows the listener to hear music that slowly unfolds in almost infinite non-repeating combinations of sound. In one instance of generative music, Eno calculated that it would take almost 10,000 years to hear the entire possibilities of one individual piece. Eno achieves this through

5796-490: The 1994 and 1996 BRIT Awards . Eno has consistently described himself as a "non-musician", using the term " treatments " to describe his modification of the sound of musical instruments, and to separate his role from that of the traditional instrumentalist. His skill in using the studio as a compositional tool led in part to his career as a producer. His methods were recognised at the time (mid-1970s) as unique, so much so that on Genesis's The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway , he

5922-409: The 2400 precast ribs and 4000 roof panels in an on-site factory and also developed the construction processes. The achievement of this solution avoided the need for expensive formwork construction by allowing the use of precast units and it also allowed the roof tiles to be prefabricated in sheets on the ground, instead of being stuck on individually at height. The tiles themselves were manufactured by

6048-705: The B-side of the record, which were three variations on Canon in D Major by Johann Pachelbel . The titles of the variations were of an inaccurate translation of the French cover notes for the “Erato” recording of the piece made by the orchestra of Jean Francois Paillard . The album was remarked as a favourite record of David Bowie and, as a result of the record and its recognition to Bowie, it had led to his collaboration with Eno on Bowie's Berlin Trilogy . After Discreet Music Eno released two other experimental-electronic albums:

6174-1004: The Bells , a collaboration with poet Rick Holland , on 4 July 2011. In November 2012, Eno released Lux , a 76-minute composition in four sections, through Warp. Eno worked with French–Algerian Raï singer Rachid Taha on Taha's Tékitoi (2004) and Zoom (2013) albums, contributing percussion, bass, brass and vocals. Eno also performed with Taha at the Stop the War Coalition concert in London in 2005. In April 2014, Eno sang on, co-wrote, and co-produced Damon Albarn's Heavy Seas of Love , from his solo debut album Everyday Robots . In May, Eno and Underworld's Karl Hyde released Someday World , featuring various guest musicians: from Coldplay's Will Champion and Roxy Music's Andy Mackay to newer names such as 22-year-old Fred Gibson , who helped produce

6300-652: The Black Aces, a four-piece with Eno on drums that he formed with three friends he met at the youth club he visited in Melton. In late 1967, Eno pursued music once more, forming the Merchant Taylor's Simultaneous Cabinet, an avant-garde music , art, and performance trio with two Winchester undergraduates. This was followed by short stints in multiple avant-garde and college groups, including The Maxwell Demon and Dandelion and The War Damage which featured Eno as frontman who adapted

6426-636: The Marble Palace , and Music for Civic Recovery Centre . In 1993, Eno worked with the Manchester rock band James to produce two albums, Laid and Wah Wah . Laid was met with notable critical and commercial success both in the UK and the United States after its release in 1993. Wah Wah , in comparison, received a more lukewarm response after its release in 1994. One of Eno's better-known collaborations

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6552-558: The Ministry's criticism of the project's costs and time, along with their impression of Utzon's designs being impractical, this ultimately led to his resignation in 1966 (see below). The cost of the project so far, even in October 1966, was still only A$ 22.9 million, less than a quarter of the final $ 102 million cost. However, the projected costs for the design were at this stage much more significant. The second stage of construction

6678-479: The New South Wales government insisting contracts be put out to tender . Utzon was highly reluctant to respond to questions or criticism from the client's Sydney Opera House Executive Committee (SOHEC). However, he was greatly supported throughout by a member of the committee and one of the original competition judges, Harry Ingham Ashworth . Utzon was unwilling to compromise on some aspects of his designs that

6804-503: The Opera House project) all played a very significant part in the design development. As Peter Murray states in The Saga of the Sydney Opera House : ... the two men—and their teams—enjoyed a collaboration that was remarkable in its fruitfulness and, despite many traumas, was seen by most of those involved in the project as a high point of architect/engineer collaboration. The design of

6930-631: The Popular Classics and Hallelujah! The Portsmouth Sinfonia Live at the Royal Albert Hall , both of which feature Eno playing the clarinet . After recording it in September that year, Eno released his second solo studio album, Taking Tiger Mountain (By Strategy) , in November 1974. Featuring fellow artists and collaborators such as Phil Collins , Phil Manzanera , Robert Wyatt and Andy Mackay ,

7056-607: The Scratch Orchestra which features Eno as one of the voices on the track "Paragraph 7". Another early recording was the soundtrack to Berlin Horse (1970), a nine-minute avant-garde art film by Malcolm Le Grice . At one point, Eno had to earn money as paste-up assistant for the advertisement section of a local paper for three months. He quit and became an electronics dealer by buying old speakers and making new cabinets for them before selling them to friends. In 1971, Eno co-formed

7182-491: The Swedish company Höganäs Keramik . It took three years of development to produce the effect Utzon wanted in what became known as the Sydney Tile, 120mm square. It is made from clay with a small percentage of crushed stone. Ove Arup and Partners' site engineer supervised the construction of the shells, which used an innovative adjustable steel-trussed "erection arch" (developed by Hornibrook's engineer Joe Bertony ) to support

7308-728: The Sydney Opera House became a UNESCO World Heritage Site , having been listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate since 1980, the National Trust of Australia register since 1983, the City of Sydney Heritage Inventory since 2000, the New South Wales State Heritage Register since 2003, and the Australian National Heritage List since 2005. The Opera House was also a finalist in

7434-556: The United Kingdom or the United States. The album predominantly featured instrumental tracks, with notable fragments of minimalism and avant-garde tensing throughout the 40 minute record. Those that had featured vocals, such as " Everything Merges With The Night ", " St. Elmo's Fire " and " Golden Hours " were met with praise. The track " Zawinul / Lava " is a homage and tribute to Austrian jazz fusion keyboardist and composer Joe Zawinul . The only song to have any single release

7560-500: The album featured numerous efforts of artistic pop and rock , but distanced itself from the psychedelia and avant-pop qualities from Here Come the Warm Jets . Taking Tiger Mountain contains the track " Third Uncle ", which has been regarded as one of Eno's best-known songs of his pop and rock phase, owing in part to its later cover by Bauhaus and the Eno-collaborated cover with 801 . Critic Dave Thompson writes that

7686-572: The album were subsequently used in several other films, including Trainspotting . In September 1992, Eno released Nerve Net , an album utilising heavily syncopated rhythms with contributions from several former collaborators including Fripp, Benmont Tench , Robert Quine and John Paul Jones of Led Zeppelin fame. This album was a last-minute substitution for My Squelchy Life , which contained more pop oriented material, with Eno on vocals. Several tracks from My Squelchy Life later appeared on 1993's retrospective box set Eno Box II: Vocals, and

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7812-746: The architect's ultimate resignation. The building and its surrounds occupy the whole of Bennelong Point on Sydney Harbour , between Sydney Cove and Farm Cove , adjacent to the Sydney central business district and the Royal Botanic Gardens , and near to the Sydney Harbour Bridge . The building comprises multiple performance venues, which together host well over 1,500 performances annually, attended by more than 1.2 million people. Performances are presented by numerous performing artists, with many resident companies such as Opera Australia ,

7938-467: The beginning of his solo career in 1973, Eno was in demand as a record producer. The first album with Eno credited as producer was Lucky Leif and the Longships by Robert Calvert . Eno's lengthy string of producer credits includes albums for Talking Heads , U2 , Devo , Ultravox and James . He also produced part of the 1993 album When I Was a Boy by Jane Siberry . He won the best producer award at

8064-427: The blending of several independent musical tracks of varying length. Each track features different musical elements and in some cases, silence. When each individual track concludes, it starts again re-configuring differently with the other tracks. He has presented this music in his own art and sound installations and those in collaboration with other artists, including I Dormienti (The Sleepers) , Lightness: Music for

8190-463: The building was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 20 October 1973, 16 years after Utzon's 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition. The Government of New South Wales , led by the premier , Joseph Cahill , authorised work to begin in 1958 with Utzon directing construction. The government's decision to build Utzon's design is often overshadowed by circumstances that followed, including cost and scheduling overruns as well as

8316-528: The building; stage II (1959–1963) consisted of building the upper podium; stage III (1963–1967) the construction of the outer shells, based upon the image of whales breaching the water; stage IV (1967–1973) interior design and construction. Stage I started on 2 March 1959 with the construction firm Civil & Civic , monitored by the engineers Ove Arup and Partners . The government had pushed for work to begin early, fearing that funding, or public opinion, might turn against them. But Utzon had still not completed

8442-429: The clients wanted to change. Utzon's ability was never in doubt, despite questions raised by Davis Hughes, who attempted to portray Utzon as an impractical dreamer. Ove Arup actually stated that Utzon was "probably the best of any I have come across in my long experience of working with architects" and: "The Opera House could become the world's foremost contemporary masterpiece if Utzon is given his head." In 1965 Utzon

8568-448: The competition were: Professor Henry Ashworth ( University of Sydney ), Cobden Parkes ( New South Wales Government Architect ); Professor Leslie Martin (Professor of Architecture of Cambridge University and architect of Royal Festival Hall 1951) and American architect Eero Saarinen . The winner, announced in Sydney on 29 January 1957, was Danish architect Jørn Utzon . Utzon's design

8694-761: The completion of the final plans. After the 1965 election of the Liberal Party, with Robert Askin becoming Premier of New South Wales , the relationship of client, architect, engineers and contractors became increasingly tense. Askin had been a "vocal critic of the project prior to gaining office." His new Minister for Public Works, Davis Hughes , was even less sympathetic. Elizabeth Farrelly , an Australian architecture critic, wrote that: at an election night dinner party in Mosman, Hughes' daughter Sue Burgoyne boasted that her father would soon sack Utzon. Hughes had no interest in art, architecture or aesthetics. A fraud, as well as

8820-419: The construction site with a crowbar and brought their own toolboxes. Workers' control was applied to the site for five weeks as the construction workers worked 35 hours a week with improved morale, more efficient organization and fewer people skipping work. The workers agreed to end their work-in when management agreed to give them a 25% wage increase, the right to elect their foremen, four weeks annual leave and

8946-449: The costs or work involved in design and construction. Tensions between the client and the design team grew further when an early start to construction was demanded despite an incomplete design. This resulted in a continuing series of delays and setbacks while various technical engineering issues were being refined. The building was unique, and the problems with the design issues and cost increases were exacerbated by commencement of work before

9072-417: The design and construction through his practice, while the clients wanted a system (notably drawn in sketch form by Davis Hughes) where architect, contractors, and engineers each reported to the client directly and separately. This had great implications for procurement methods and cost control, with Utzon wishing to negotiate contracts with chosen suppliers (such as Ralph Symonds for the plywood interiors) and

9198-447: The design team found a solution to the problem: the shells all being created as sections from a sphere. This solution allows arches of varying length to be cast in a common mould, and a number of arch segments of common length to be placed adjacent to one another, to form a spherical section. With whom exactly this solution originated has been the subject of some controversy. It was originally credited to Utzon. Ove Arup's letter to Ashworth,

9324-422: The different roofs before completion. On 6 April 1962, it was estimated that the Opera House would be completed between August 1964 and March 1965. Stage III, the interiors, started with Utzon moving his entire office to Sydney in February 1963. However, there was a change of government in 1965, and the new Robert Askin government declared the project under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Works. Due to

9450-836: The dissolution of Skysaw. Great Civilizations is the only album by the American band Skysaw, released on June 21, 2011. All tracks are written by Skysaw Brian Eno Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno ( / ˈ iː n oʊ / ; born 15 May 1948), also mononymously known as Eno , is an English musician, songwriter, record producer and visual artist. He is best known for his pioneering contributions to ambient music and electronica , and for producing, recording, and writing works in rock and pop music . A self-described "non-musician", Eno has helped introduce unconventional concepts and approaches to contemporary music. He has been described as one of popular music 's most influential and innovative figures. In 2019, he

9576-753: The eastern group. The scale of the shells was chosen to reflect the internal height requirements, with low entrance spaces, rising over the seating areas up to the high stage towers. The smaller venues (the Drama Theatre, the Playhouse and the Studio) are within the podium, beneath the Concert Hall. A smaller group of shells set to the western side of the Monumental Steps houses the Bennelong Restaurant. The podium

9702-561: The entire album was eventually released in 2014 as part of an expanded re-release of Nerve Net. Eno released The Shutov Assembly in 1992, recorded between 1985 and 1990. This album embraces atonality and abandons most conventional concepts of modes , scales and pitch . Emancipated from the constant attraction towards the tonic that underpins the Western tonal tradition , the gradually shifting music originally eschewed any conventional instrumentation, save for treated keyboards. During

9828-485: The final designs. Major structural issues still remained unresolved. By 23 January 1961, work was running 47 weeks behind, mainly because of unexpected difficulties (inclement weather, unexpected difficulty diverting stormwater, construction beginning before proper construction drawings had been prepared, changes of original contract documents). Work on the podium was finally completed in February 1963. The forced early start led to significant later problems, not least of which

9954-471: The firm GBQC Architects. The grand prize was 5,000 Australian pounds . Utzon visited Sydney in 1957 to help supervise the project. His office moved to Palm Beach , Sydney in February 1963. Utzon received the Pritzker Architecture Prize , architecture's highest honour, in 2003. The Pritzker Prize citation read: There is no doubt that the Sydney Opera House is his masterpiece. It is one of

10080-437: The first of his Ambient series, Ambient 1: Music for Airports . He coined the term "ambient music", which is designed to modify the listener's perception of the surrounding environment. In the liner notes accompanying the record, he wrote: "Ambient music must be able to accommodate many levels of listening attention without enforcing one in particular, it must be as ignorable as it is interesting." The following records after

10206-451: The fourth studio album by Coldplay , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends , released in 2008 to acclaim. In 2008, he worked with Grace Jones on her album Hurricane , and was credited for "production consultation" and as a member of the band, playing keyboards, treatments and background vocals. He worked on the 12 studio album by U2 , again with Lanois, No Line on the Horizon . It

10332-491: The foyer spaces, the building's exterior is largely clad with aggregate panels composed of pink granite quarried at Tarana . Significant interior surface treatments also include off-form concrete, Australian white birch plywood supplied from Wauchope in northern New South Wales, and brush box glulam . Of the two larger spaces, the Concert Hall is in the western group of shells, the Joan Sutherland Theatre in

10458-452: The geometry of the shells, from parabolas to ellipsoids and spheres." Yuzo Mikami, a member of the design team, presents an opposite view in his book on the project, Utzon's Sphere . It is unlikely that the truth will ever be categorically known, but there is a clear consensus that the design team worked very well indeed for the first part of the project and that Utzon, Arup, and Ronald Jenkins (partner of Ove Arup and Partners responsible for

10584-450: The great iconic buildings of the 20th century, an image of great beauty that has become known throughout the world – a symbol for not only a city but a whole country and continent. The Fort Macquarie Tram Depot , occupying the site at the time of these plans, was demolished in 1958 and construction began in March 1959. The Opera House was built in four stages: stage I (1957–1959) was planning out

10710-472: The group name Passengers, songs from which included " Your Blue Room " and " Miss Sarajevo ". Even though films are listed and described for each song, all but three are bogus. Eno also produced Laid (1993), Wah Wah (1994), Millionaires (1999) and Pleased to Meet You (2001) for James , performing as an extra musician on all four. He is credited for "frequent interference and occasional co-production" on their 1997 album Whiplash . Eno played on

10836-423: The impact of technological advances on musical production, evident in its semi-electronic production. In early 2006, Eno collaborated with David Byrne again, for the reissue of My Life in the Bush of Ghosts in celebration of the influential album's 25th anniversary. Eight previously unreleased tracks recorded during the initial sessions in 1980/81, were added to the album. An unusual interactive marketing strategy

10962-520: The lack of collaboration caused his resignation and later described the situation as "Malice in Blunderland". In March 1966, Hughes offered him a subordinate role as "design architect" under a panel of executive architects, without any supervisory powers over the House's construction, but Utzon rejected this. Utzon left the country never to return. Following the resignation, there was great controversy about who

11088-655: The last album they had worked on together, "somewhere new", and expressed regret that they would not be able to pursue the project. In 1978, Eno discovered and promoted the no wave movement by attending a five night underground no wave music festival at Artists Space in New York City that featured ten local bands, including the Gynecologists , Communists, Theoretical Girls , Terminal, Chatham's Tone Death (performing his composition for electric guitars Guitar Trio ) and Branca's other band Daily Life. The final two days of

11214-540: The limited sound palette of monophonic ringtones, phones at this point primarily used audio files. Between 8 January 2007 and 12 February 2007, ten units of Nokia 8800 Sirocco Brian Eno Signature Edition mobile phones, individually numbered and engraved with Eno's signature, were auctioned off. All proceeds went to two charities chosen by Eno: the Keiskamma AIDS treatment program and the World Land Trust . Eno's music

11340-471: The main hall and further stated that increasing the number of seats to 3,000 as specified in the brief would be disastrous for the acoustics. According to Peter Jones, the stage designer, Martin Carr, criticised the "shape, height and width of the stage, the physical facilities for artists, the location of the dressing rooms, the widths of doors and lifts, and the location of lighting switchboards." The Opera House

11466-546: The music for Peter Jackson 's film adaptation of The Lovely Bones , released in December 2009. Eno released another solo album on Warp in late 2010. Small Craft on a Milk Sea , made in association with long-time collaborators Leo Abrahams and Jon Hopkins , was released on 2 November in the United States and 15 November in the UK. The album included five compositions that were adaptions of those tracks that Eno wrote for The Lovely Bones. He later released Drums Between

11592-413: The newly established Groundcourse foundation art degree established by new media artist Roy Ascott . Here, one of Eno's teachers was artist Tom Phillips , who became a lifelong friend and encouraged his musical ability. Phillips recalled the pair doing "piano tennis" in which, after collecting pianos, the two stripped and aligned them in a hall and struck them with tennis balls. In 1966, Eno studied for

11718-476: The northwest of the central business district . An international design competition was launched by Cahill on 13 September 1955 and received 233 entries, representing architects from 32 countries. The criteria specified a large hall seating 3,000 and a small hall for 1,200 people, each to be designed for different uses, including full-scale operas, orchestral and choral concerts, mass meetings, lectures, ballet performances, and other presentations. The jury for

11844-517: The point of being diagrammatic. Nevertheless, as we have returned again and again to the study of these drawings, we are convinced that they present a concept of an Opera House which is capable of becoming one of the great buildings of the world. For the first stage, Utzon worked successfully with the rest of the design team and the client, but, as the project progressed, the Cahill government insisted on progressive revisions. They also did not fully appreciate

11970-460: The record as "timeless". No singles were released from the record. In March 1974, he released the single "Seven Deadly Finns" with the B-side "Later On", his only top 40 hit in the UK. Eno and Kevin Ayers contributed music for the experimental/ spoken word album Lady June's Linguistic Leprosy (1974) by poet June Campbell Cramer , whilst also producing The Portsmouth Sinfonia 's 1974 albums Plays

12096-718: The record with Eno. Within weeks of that release, a second full-length album was announced titled High Life . This was released on 30 June 2014. In January 2016, a new Eno ambient soundscape was premiered as part of Michael Benson 's planetary photography exhibition "Otherworlds" in the Jerwood Gallery of London's Natural History Museum. In a statement Eno commented on the unnamed half-hour piece: We can't experience space directly; those few who've been out there have done so inside precarious cocoons. They float in silence, for space has no air, nothing to vibrate – and therefore no sound. Nonetheless we can't resist imagining space as

12222-420: The release of Ambient 1 and the subsequent series inclusions were The Plateaux of Mirror (Ambient 2) featuring Harold Budd , Day of Radiance (Ambient 3) with American composer Laraaji , and On Land (Ambient 4) , a solo record. Eno provided a film score for Herbert Vesely 's Egon Schiele – Exzess und Bestrafung (1980), also known as Egon Schiele – Excess and Punishment . The ambient-style score

12348-495: The roof was tested on scale models in wind tunnels at University of Southampton and later NPL to establish the wind-pressure distribution around the roof shape in very high winds, which helped in the design of the roof tiles and their fixtures. The immensely complex design and construction of the shells was completed by Hornibrook Group Pty Ltd , who were also responsible for construction in Stage III. Hornibrook manufactured

12474-543: The same name was released on 29 April 2016 on Warp . The album notably features actor Peter Serafinowicz providing vocal credits on the third part of the " Fickle Sun " suite, which is a cover of the Velvet Underground 's " I'm Set Free ", from the group's 1969 album, The Velvet Underground ; the track was written by frontman Lou Reed . In September that same year, the Portuguese synthpop band The Gift , released

12600-491: The same name. He worked with Bowie as a writer and musician on Bowie's influential 1977–79 Berlin Trilogy of albums, Low , "Heroes" and Lodger , on Bowie's later album Outside , and on the song " I'm Afraid of Americans ". Playing a portable EMS Synthi A synthesiser, Eno created most of the spacey effects on Low . After Bowie died in January 2016, following the release of his Blackstar album , Eno said that he and Bowie had been talking about taking Outside ,

12726-408: The shells involved one of the earliest uses of computers in structural analysis , to understand the complex forces to which the shells would be subjected. The computer system was also used in the assembly of the arches. The pins in the arches were surveyed at the end of each day, and the information was entered into the computer so the next arch could be properly placed the following day. In mid-1961,

12852-509: The show featured DNA and the Contortions on Friday, followed by Mars and Teenage Jesus and the Jerks on Saturday. Eno, who had originally come to New York to produce the second Talking Heads album More Songs About Buildings and Food , was impressed by what he saw and heard, and advised by Diego Cortez to do so, was convinced that this movement should be documented and proposed the idea of

12978-488: The song is "a near punk attack of riffing guitars and clattering percussion" and that it "could, in other hands, be a heavy metal anthem, albeit one whose lyrical content would tongue-tie the most slavish air guitarist ." " Third Uncle " was released as a single in France that year, with the B-side of " The Fat Lady of Limbourg ", also from Taking Tiger Mountain . Between 1974 and 1975, Eno began to write new material for

13104-595: The sound for the video game Spore and wrote a chapter to Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture , edited by Paul D. Miller (a.k.a. DJ Spooky ). In June 2009, Eno curated the Luminous Festival at Sydney Opera House , culminating in his first live appearance in many years. "Pure Scenius" consisted of three live improvised performances on the same day, featuring Eno, Australian improvisation trio The Necks , Karl Hyde from Underworld , electronic artist Jon Hopkins and guitarist Leo Abrahams . Eno scored

13230-468: The synthesiser and became known for his flamboyant costumes and makeup , partly stealing the spotlight from lead singer Bryan Ferry . After touring For Your Pleasure ended in mid-1973, Eno quit the band, citing disagreements with Ferry and his insistence on being in command of the group, which affected Eno's ability to incorporate his own ideas. Almost immediately after his exit from Roxy Music, Eno embarked on his solo career. The first studio album that

13356-442: The village of Melton, Suffolk , the son of William Arnold Eno (1916–1988), a postal worker and clock and watch repairer, and Maria Alphonsine ( née Buslot; 1922–2005), a Belgian national . His grandfather was a multi-instrumentalist who played the saxophone and bassoon whilst he built and repaired pianos and church organs . Eno is the eldest of their three children; he has a brother, Roger , and sister Arlette. They have

13482-422: The way for the immensely complex geometries of some modern architecture. The design was one of the first examples of the use of computer-aided design to design complex shapes. The design techniques developed by Utzon and Arup for the Sydney Opera House have been further developed and are now used for architecture, such as works of Gehry and blobitecture , as well as most reinforced concrete structures. The design

13608-429: Was Here Come the Warm Jets that same year, which was released with his mononymous name "Eno" still attached. The album notably features Fripp on several songs as a guitarist on the tracks " Baby's On Fire " and "Driving Me Backwards", and as a composer, corresponding to his guitar duties, on the song "Blank Frank". The album was critically acclaimed on initial reviews in the 1973-74 season, whilst later reviews touted

13734-517: Was " I'll Come Running ", which became the B-side to Eno's cover of " The Lion Sleeps Tonight (Wimoweh) ". The album has been recognised by critics as a "universally acknowledged masterpiece" and "breathtakingly ahead of its time". The acclaimed music journalist Robert Christgau rated the album as an "A+", stating that it was "the aural equivalent of a park on the Moon ; oneness with nature under conditions of artificial gravity ". In 1975 Eno released

13860-462: Was also inspired by Dutch painter Piet Mondrian , who Eno had first discovered whilst staying with Carl Otto Eno, his uncle, at his residence where he would collect pieces of art . By 1964, after earning four O-levels , including ones in art and maths, Eno had developed an interest in art and music and had no interest in a "conventional job". He enrolled at the Ipswich School of Art , taking on

13986-404: Was an unusual choice for an historical piece, but it worked effectively with the film's themes of sexual obsession and death. Before Eno made Ambient 4: On Land (1982) , Robert Quine played him Miles Davis ' 32-minute long avant - fusion piece " He Loved Him Madly " (1974). Eno stated in the liner notes for On Land, "Teo Macero's revolutionary production on that piece seemed to me to have

14112-498: Was employed for its re-release, the album's promotional website features the ability for anyone to officially and legally download the multi-tracks of two songs from the album, "A Secret Life" and "Help Me Somebody". This allowed listeners to remix and upload new mixes of these tracks to the website for others to listen and rate them. In late 2006, Eno released 77 Million Paintings , a program of generative video and music specifically for home computers. As its title suggests, there

14238-560: Was featured in a movie adaption of Irvine Welsh 's best-selling collection Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance (2007). He also appeared playing keyboards in Voila , Belinda Carlisle 's solo album sung entirely in French. Eno also contributed a composition titled "Grafton Street" to Dido's third album, Safe Trip Home , released in November 2008. In 2008, he released Everything That Happens Will Happen Today with David Byrne, designed

14364-583: Was formally completed in 1973, having cost $ 102 million. H.R. "Sam" Hoare, the Hornibrook director in charge of the project, provided the following approximations in 1973: Stage I: podium Civil & Civic Pty Ltd approximately $ 5.5m. Stage II: roof shells M.R. Hornibrook (NSW) Pty Ltd approximately $ 12.5m. Stage III: completion The Hornibrook Group $ 56.5m. Separate contracts: stage equipment, stage lighting and organ $ 9.0m. Fees and other costs: $ 16.5m. The original cost and scheduling estimates in 1957 projected

14490-481: Was in the right and who was in the wrong. The Sydney Morning Herald initially opined: "No architect in the world has enjoyed greater freedom than Mr Utzon. Few clients have been more patient or more generous than the people and the Government of NSW. One would not like history to record that this partnership was brought to an end by a fit of temper on the one side or by a fit of meanness on the other." On 17 March 1966,

14616-499: Was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Roxy Music . Born in Suffolk , Eno studied painting and experimental music at the art school of Ipswich Civic College in the mid-1960s, and then at Winchester School of Art . He joined the glam rock group Roxy Music as its synthesiser player in 1971 and recorded two albums with them before departing in 1973. He then released

14742-428: Was no repetition in any of the roof forms, the construction of precast concrete for each individual section would possibly have been even more expensive. From 1957 to 1963, the design team went through at least 12 iterations of the form of the shells trying to find an economically acceptable form (including schemes with parabolas, circular ribs and ellipsoids ) before a workable solution was completed. The design work on

14868-437: Was owed more than $ 100,000 in fees. Hughes then withheld funding so that Utzon could not even pay his own staff. The government minutes record that following several threats of resignation, Utzon finally stated to Davis Hughes: "If you don't do it, I resign." Hughes replied: "I accept your resignation. Thank you very much. Goodbye." Utzon left the project on 28 February 1966. He said that Hughes's refusal to pay him any fees and

14994-504: Was progressing toward completion when Utzon resigned. His position was principally taken over by Peter Hall , who became largely responsible for the interior design. Other persons appointed that same year to replace Utzon were E. H. Farmer as government architect, D. S. Littlemore and Lionel Todd. Following Utzon's resignation, the acoustic advisor, Lothar Cremer, confirmed to the Sydney Opera House Executive Committee (SOHEC) that Utzon's original acoustic design allowed for only 2,000 seats in

15120-681: Was recorded in Morocco, the South of France and Dublin and released in Europe on 27 February 2009. Sydney Opera House The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Located on the foreshore of Sydney Harbour , it is widely regarded as one of the world's most famous and distinctive buildings and a masterpiece of 20th-century architecture. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon and completed by an Australian architectural team headed by Peter Hall ,

15246-403: Was released after Eno left Roxy Music was a 1973 collaboration with then- King Crimson guitarist and founder Robert Fripp , which was entitled No Pussyfooting , stylised as " (No Pussyfooting) ". The album had been worked on for over a year in the lead up to its release, particularly with the use of tape looping and delay systems, which would later be known as " frippertronics ". The record

15372-588: Was released on 14 January 2008. In June 2007, when commissioned in the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts , San Francisco, California, Annabeth Robinson (AngryBeth Shortbread) recreated 77 Million Paintings in Second Life . The Nokia 8800 Sirocco Edition mobile phone, released in late 2006, features exclusive ringtones and sounds composed by Eno. Although he was previously uninterested in composing ringtones due to

15498-609: Was selected by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen from a final cut of 30 rejects. The runner-up was a Philadelphia -based team assembled by Robert Geddes and George Qualls, both teaching at the University of Pennsylvania School of Design . They brought together a band of Penn faculty and friends from Philadelphia architectural offices, including Melvin Brecher, Warren Cunningham, Joseph Marzella, Walter Wiseman, and Leon Loschetter. Geddes, Brecher, Qualls, and Cunningham went on to found

15624-525: Was that the podium columns were not strong enough to support the roof structure, and had to be re-built. The shells of the competition entry were originally of undefined geometry, but, early in the design process, the "shells" were perceived as a series of parabolas supported by precast concrete ribs. However, engineers Ove Arup and Partners were unable to find an acceptable solution to constructing them. The formwork for using in-situ concrete would have been prohibitively expensive, and, because there

15750-641: Was with the members of U2 , Luciano Pavarotti and several other artists in a group called Passengers. They produced the 1995 album Original Soundtracks 1 , which reached No. 76 on the US Billboard charts and No. 12 in the UK Albums Chart . It featured a single, " Miss Sarajevo ", which reached number 6 in the UK Singles Chart . This collaboration is chronicled in Eno's book A Year with Swollen Appendices ,

15876-501: Was working closely with Ralph Symonds , a manufacturer of plywood based in Sydney and highly regarded by many, despite an Arup engineer warning that Ralph Symonds's "knowledge of the design stresses of plywood was extremely sketchy" and that the technical advice was "elementary to say the least and completely useless for our purposes." Australian architecture critic Elizabeth Farrelly has referred to Ove Arup's project engineer Michael Lewis as having "other agendas". By February 1966, Utzon

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