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144-521: After Kalemegdan , Skadarlija is the second-most visited tourist attraction in Belgrade, contributing a third of the city's foreign-currency income. Skadarlija is located less than 300 metres (330 yd) north-west of Terazije , central Belgrade. It begins right below the Republic Square and stretches along the short, winding Skadarska Street and the surroundings streets of Zetska and Cetinjska. One of

288-407: A rab' , a low-income rental apartment complex, which was situated on the upper floors while the merchant accommodations occupied the lower floors. While making the best use of limited space in a crowded city, this provided the building with two sources of revenue which were managed through the waqf system. Alphabetically, not taking article (al-, el-, etc.) into consideration. "The whole of

432-670: A caravanserai building (like in the külliye of the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul) or drew revenues from one in the area (such as the Wikala al-Ghuri in Cairo, which was built to contribute revenues for the nearby complex of Sultan al-Ghuri ). Most typically a caravanserai was a building with a square or rectangular walled exterior, with a single portal wide enough to permit large or heavily laden beasts such as camels to enter. The courtyard

576-453: A clipping of Middle Persian : 𐭡𐭩𐭲𐭠 , romanized:  xānag , lit.   'house'. It could refer to an urban caravanserai built within a town or a city or to any caravanserai in general, including those built in the countryside and along desert routes. In Turkish the word is rendered as han . The same word was used in Bosnian and Bulgarian, having arrived through

720-523: A common feature not only along the Silk Road, but also along the Achaemenid Empire 's Royal Road , a 2,500-kilometre-long (1,600 mi) ancient highway that stretched from Sardis to Susa according to Herodotus : "Now the true account of the road in question is the following: Royal stations exist along its whole length, and excellent caravanserais; and throughout, it traverses an inhabited tract, and

864-582: A continuous pedestrian zone from the Republic Square and Palace Albania to the park, the fortress and the rivers. It was envisioned by the first phase of the planned Belgrade Metro , 1973–1982. A bit longer version, from the Gračanička Street to monument of Rigas Feraios in the Tadeuša Košćuškog Street, resurfaced in 2012, in conjunction with the project of connecting the Savamala port and

1008-653: A drummer, and especially Sofka Nikolić . Nikolić, the first folk music star of newly formed Yugoslavia in the 1920s and 1930s, published dozens of records, becoming one of the most commercial female singers in Europe. Musicians from Europe and United States were visiting her in Skadarlija, including Josephine Baker , who befriended her. Called "Queen of Skadarlija", Nikolić withdrew in 1939 when her young daughter, her only child, passed away. Restaurants are proud of their lists of worldwide celebrities and epicureans who visited them over

1152-514: A final decision, so it can not be overturned by the higher court. Vesić then stated that the gondola will be built, despite the "hysteria of aggressive minority". In an atypically harsh reaction by the SANU addressed specifically to Vesić this time, they responded to "hysterical minority" criticism with listing of over three dozen of national and international organizations who oppose the construction and accused Vesić of misleading, as he always talks about

1296-613: A fountain or a sabil/sebil . They kept fodder for animals and had shops for travellers where they could acquire new supplies. Some shops bought goods from the travelling merchants. Many caravanserais were equipped with small mosques, such as the elevated examples in the Seljuk and Ottoman caravanserais in Turkey. In Cairo, starting in the Burji Mamluk period, wikala s (urban caravanserais) were frequently several stories tall and often included

1440-404: A group of prominent artists: architect Uglješa Bogunović (head of the project), Zuko Džumhur, painter Mario Maskareli , sculptor Milica Ribnikar Bogunović  [ sh ] , painter and writer Momo Kapor , among others. They managed to preserve its existing values and introduce modern facilities without interfering with its historical features. In the late 1960s, Skadarlija regained fame as

1584-469: A hotel but nothing happened. Instead, reconstruction of the street was announced by the city government in October 2016, as the cobblestones and the façades became damaged in time. Works were scheduled for the spring of 2017, but were moved to October 2017, as the city decided to accept the proposition of the kafana owners to postpone it until after the touristic season is over. However, they decided to renovate

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1728-465: A hotel with subterranean garage of 1,000 parking spaces. Water springs will be co-opted and protected, and new drills will be added to the existing three springs, as a sort of a tourist attraction. The most controversial aspect at the moment appears to be the concept of a glass box-shaped membrane, lit from the inside, which is supposed to engulf the Stara Skadarlija restaurant. The idea is opposed by

1872-511: A military museum, a museum of forestry and hunting, and the Monument of Gratitude to France . A pedestrian walkway along the southwest section of the fortress is called Sava Promenade ( Serbian : Савска променада / Savska promenada ). Due to the static problems, it was renovated in 1932–1933. The project was drafted by the Russian émigré architect Aleksandr Anastyevich Chelpanbaev. It connects

2016-402: A multi-levelled underground garage with 400 parking lots. The plan also includes a possibility that market may be partially covered. The project additionally covers the above the surface appearance of the future subway station "Skadarlija", adjoining to the market. The station was described as a "shallow one, with one mezzanine ". Citizens reacted against the ultra-modernization of the market,

2160-871: A number of okelle s delineating the Place des Consuls (the main square of Alexandria's European quarter), which served as consular mansions, a European-style hotel, and a stock exchange, among other functions. Kāṭrā ( Bengali : কাটরা ) is the name given to the caravanserais built by the Mughal Empire in Bengal . The Bara Katra (Bengali: বড় কাটরা , romanized:  Baṛa Kāṭrā , lit.   'Great Caravanserai') and Chhota Katra (Bengali: ছোট কাটরা , romanized:  Chōṭa kāṭrā , lit.   'Small Caravanserai') refers to two magnificent Mughal katras in Dhaka , Bangladesh . Caravanserais were

2304-428: A remaining part of "old Belgrade which is completely dying out" in administration's attempt to build the city as "older and prettier". The project was described as the "sea of concrete" with barely any trees, and forceful creation of "something new". City administration stated that the market will be dislocated, but not before the end of 2024, when it will be returned as "modernised" and "representative". The subway station

2448-646: A short and curved street, is a remarkable Belgrade tourist attraction. It includes well-known restaurants, hotels (e.g. Le Petit Piaf ), art galleries, antique and souvenir shops. At the end of the street there is the Sebilj fountain. It is an ornamented drinking fountain , copy of the Sebilj fountain in Baščaršija in Sarajevo , and gift from Sarajevo to Belgrade. Groups playing Serbian brass or traditional urban music and actors dressed in traditional Serb costumes perform down

2592-551: A short part of what is today Knez Mihailova, called "Delijska street", actually existed as a street. Josimović successfully transformed the existing incomplete trail into the proper street which directly connected downtown Belgrade with the fortress, thus establishing a direct communication between the inner and outer neighborhoods. Josimović then proposed that Kalemegdan, as now Knez Mihailova ended at it, should be transformed into "gorgeous park", as he considered parks in general "air reservoirs". Later, architect Aleksandar Bugarski who

2736-493: A well-known writer and painter who lived and died in Skadarlija, has been turned into a meeting place for the poets participating in the Skadarlija Evenings event, after it was fully renovated in 1986. It became the cultural center of the quarter. In February 2008, plans were announced for the complete reconstruction of the lowest section of Skadarlija (Skadarlija atrium, an area of about 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres)) bounded by

2880-432: Is funduq which has a director living there with a company of horse and foot. After sunset or nightfall the director comes to the funduq with his secretary and writes down the names of all the travellers who will pass the night there, seals it and locks the door of the funduq . In the morning he and his secretary come and call everybody by name and write down a record. He sends someone with the travellers to conduct them to

3024-618: Is Skadarlija...or Skadarska street, however you like it. I am no boulevard...or avenue...or highway. I am common steep curved alley in the middle of Belgrade. And that would be everything meaningful to be told about me if it wouldn't be for my bohemian history, my crumbling roofs, my shaking chairs... After decades of performing in Skadarlija's restaurants and outdoors, some singers and performers became synonymous with Skadarlija: singers Šaban Šaulić , Toma Zdravković , Olga Jančevecka , Divna Đokić , Mila Matić , actress Ljubica Janićijević who impersonated Gypsy fortune-tellers, Radomir Šobota as

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3168-736: Is a car-free zone but it would be unsuited for traffic anyway because it is too narrow and with bumpy cobblestones. Well-known but mostly poor poets and writers became regular visitors of Skadarlija in the early 20th century, not just from Serbia but from the wider Yugoslav areas, even before the Yugoslav state was formed as such in 1918. The most prominent residents and visitors in Skadarlija's bohemian history include Đura Jakšić, Dobrica Milutinović , Žanka Stokić , Ilija Stanojević , Tin Ujević , Gustav Krklec , Stevan Sremac , Antun Gustav Matoš , Zuko Džumhur , Momo Kapor and Silvana Armenulić . My name

3312-460: Is a former municipality of Belgrade and a wider quarter which includes some 20 neighboring streets. Skadarlija became a separate municipality of Belgrade in 1952, after the previous post- World War II division of Belgrade into raions from 1945 to 1952 ended. That municipality included a large portion of urban Belgrade, mainly the Danube oriented neighborhoods like Dorćol, Jalija , Stari Grad, etc. By

3456-468: Is a term frequently found in historic Cairo for an urban caravanserai which housed merchants and their goods and served as a center for trade, storage, transactions and other commercial activity. The word wikala means roughly "agency" in Arabic , in this case a commercial agency, which may also have been a reference to the customs offices that could be located here to deal with imported goods. The term khan

3600-405: Is abandoned and slated for demolition. However, as the project of massive reconstruction failed, the brewery became home for many coffeehouses and clubs. The houses in the street were small, with mud plastered walls and roofs covered with flat tiles ( ćeramida ). The houses had small yards with gardens and water taps and wooden, plank fences ( taraba ). Only occasional houses had a porch. By

3744-829: Is also located here. New city administration headed by mayor Aleksandar Šapić included in the city's urban plan relocation of the Belgrade Zoo out of the fortress in 2022. Šapić announced relocation to the Ada Safari section of Ada Ciganlija island in February 2023. City manager, Miroslav Čučković, explained the relocation: "Since the foundation of the new city administration...we made decisions which are connected to our dedication to spaces to which Belgraders were coming close to in all of these previous years. Those are spaces for which we think should have some new type of content and possibility to directly invest into them". Šapić then added that

3888-498: Is also rendered as caravansary , caravansaray , caravanseray , caravansara , and caravansarai . In scholarly sources, it is often used as an umbrella term for multiple related types of commercial buildings similar to inns or hostels, whereas the actual instances of such buildings had a variety of names depending on the region and the local language. However, the term was typically preferred for rural inns built along roads outside of city walls. The word khan ( خان ) derives from

4032-484: Is an open farmers market , officially named Skadarlija market. Until the 19th century it was a boggy area, where two streams, flowing down the two modern streets of Skadarlija ( Bibijin potok ) and Cetinjska, were bringing water from the sources close to the modern "Politika" building. The area was known at the time as Vidinsko Poljanče ("Vidin Little Field"). In time, eastern section of the Skadarlija neighborhood, along

4176-479: Is being prepared for the new object, which will have an artistic and cultural, but also a catering function. However, while the "Beogradska tvrđava", obtained a permit from the Ministry of construction, only works which will not affect the construction of the object were allowed, not a demolition. Also, at first they refused to disclose which company is the leaseholder, claiming that the investor pays for everything, though

4320-721: Is free from danger." Other significant urban caravanserais were built along the Grand Trunk Road in the Indian subcontinent , especially in the region of Mughal Delhi and Bengal Subah . Throughout most of the Islamic period (seventh century and after), caravanserais were a common type of structure both in the rural countryside and in dense urban centers across the Middle East , North Africa , and Ottoman Europe. A number of 12th to 13th-century caravanserais or han s were built throughout

4464-698: Is frequently used for historic inns around the Maghreb . The word comes from Koinē Greek : πανδοκεῖον , romanized:  welcoming all; an inn ; it appears as Hebrew : פונדק , romanized :  pundaq , fundaco in Venice , fondaco in Genoa and alhóndiga or fonda in Spanish. In the cities of this region such buildings were also frequently used as housing for artisan workshops. The Arabic word wikala ( وكالة ), sometimes spelled wakala or wekala ,

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4608-510: Is its official name. The market covers a total of 9,415 square metres (101,340 sq ft), and is estimated to providing for 100,000 citizens. Despite being thoroughly reconstructed just few years prior, in June 2022 another complete renovation of the market was announced. The plan includes complete demolition of all structures on the market's plateau and construction of new ones. Number of stalls will be increased by 10-15%, to 400, with addition of

4752-481: Is no reason for panic, as the number of scorpions is stable and not enlarged, adding that scorpions live in this area for 50 million years, while humans settled some 3,000 years ago. On 29 February 1952 city adopted the "Decision on protection, adaptation and maintenance of the people's park of Kalemegdan" which set the borders of the protected areas as the rivers of Danube and Sava and the streets of Tadeuša Košćuškog and Pariska . In 1962, Belgrade's Institute for

4896-407: Is still the street's official name. As of 2018, Skadarska is among only 29 streets in Belgrade which never changed their names since the first naming of the city streets in 1872. The name was shortly changed to Ružina Street, though, during World War I by the occupational Austro-Hungarian administration, but never by the Belgrade administration. 1872 is also the year when a "modern" urban development of

5040-531: Is the view, which widely spreads over both river and their banks". According to diplomat Kosta Hristić , the Kalemegdan was full of dogs, some feral, and was dangerous to pass through. Still, the several historical events occurred there. Ruling prince Miloš Obrenović accepted the 1859 beratlı , by which the Ottoman sultan confirmed his second accession to the throne. During the Čukur Fountain incident in 1862, as

5184-405: Is unknown what was planned, how much has been done, what was included later, how many "final phases" there are, and that there is no end in the foreseeable future. Daily Politika 's journalist and Belgrade chronicler Milan Janković ironically wrote: Please stop, we beg you. Leave Skadarlija to be ugly and unacceptable as it has always been, because since you started to "fix" it, it is much worse. Or

5328-619: The Big and the Small Staircase and is location of many outdoor exhibitions. A pavilion , with an area of 77 m (830 sq ft) was built in the 1920s along the Sava Promenade on the southern edge of the fortress. In the 1990s several families squatted in it. By the 2010s, the object was out of use, derelict and half-ruined. Lease of the object was announced in May 2014, but was recalled. It

5472-595: The Danube . Kalemegdan Park, split in two as the Great and Little Parks, was developed in the area that once was the town field within the Belgrade Fortress . Today residents often erroneously refer to the entire fortress as the Kalemegdan Fortress or just Kalemegdan, even though the park occupies the smaller part, especially of the historical fortress, and it is some two millennia younger. The fortress, including

5616-578: The Hotel Moskva in Terazije , by c.1910 Skadarlija became to central point of Belgrade's bohemianism. The end section of Skadarlija is known as the Skadarlija atrium . It is mostly occupied by the brewery that belonged to one of the most distinguished Belgrade families before World War II, the Czech -originating Bajloni family. The brewery was originally established in 1850 by Filip Đorđević. He previously purchased

5760-462: The Islamic world , and were often called other names such as khan , wikala , or funduq . Caravanserai ( Persian : کاروانسرای , romanized :  kārvānsarāy ), is the Persian compound word variant combining kārvān " caravan " with -sarāy "palace", "building with enclosed courts". Here "caravan" means a group of traders, pilgrims, and travelers, engaged in long-distance travel. The word

5904-488: The Ivo Andrić , who inspected the area the day after, the market and the surrounding streets were completely destroyed, with dead bodies under the rubble. It is estimated that the bomb which destroyed the market killed some 200 people. Though officially named Skadarlija market after World War II, in 1946, the citizens continued to refer to the market only as Bajloni, not accepting the new name, with many not even knowing Skadarlija

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6048-710: The National Museum in Belgrade is today, was demolished and its guests, prominent writers and actors, moved to the Skadarlija inns or kafanas . In the early 20th century there were 15 kafanas in Skadarlija, including: Tri šešira ("Three Hats"), Dva jelena ("Two Deer"), Zlatni bokal ("The Golden Chalice"), Bandist , East , Guild , Vuk Karadžić , Bums keler , Miloš Obilić and The two Sergeants , Mala Pijaca ("Little Greenmarket"). The first three of these still survive today, accompanied by some new restaurants like Ima dana ("There will be days"), Skadarlija (demolished in 2006), Dva bela goluba ("Two White Doves"). In

6192-718: The Ottoman conquest . In addition to Turkish and Persian, the term was widely used in Arabic as well, and examples of such buildings are found throughout the Middle East from as early as the Umayyad Caliphate . The term han is also used in Romanian being adopted from Ottoman Turkish. The term funduq ( Arabic : فندق ; sometimes spelled foundouk or fondouk from the French transliteration)

6336-743: The Seljuk Empire , many examples of which have survived across Turkey today (e.g. the large Sultan Han in Aksaray Province ) as well as in Iran (e.g. the Ribat of Sharaf in Khorasan province ). Urban versions of caravanserais also became important centers of economic activity in cities across these different regions of the Muslim world, often concentrated near the main bazaar areas, with many examples still standing in

6480-408: The "political decision was made to handle this", and, if everything goes by the plan, the relocation might be finished in three years. Public and experts' backlash against the project was big, mostly regarding hastiness, arbitration, irrelevance, legality and selected location. Public speculated that the residents of the newly built wealthy K-Distrikt residential complex across the zoo are bothered by

6624-455: The 1930s, many survived while smaller number of houses was demolished and the new buildings were built instead. The street itself was paved with the rough, lumpy cobblestones. By the end of World War II, Skadarlija was in bad shape. At one point, not counting two buffets at the beginning and the end of the street, "Split" and "Skadar", only three kafanas survived: "(Velika) Skadarlija", "Dva jelena" and "Tri šešira". Other venues were closed due to

6768-471: The 1953 census, municipality of Skadarlija had a population of 31,281. On 1 January 1957 it merged into the new municipality of Stari Grad and Skadarlija became a "local community" ( mesna zajednica ), sub-municipal administrative unit, within the municipality. According to the censuses, the local community of Skadarlija had a population of 7,399 in 1981, 7,074 in 1991 and 5,942 in 2002. Municipality of Stari Grad later abolished local communities. First houses in

6912-469: The 2017 season". The fountain was restored according to the original 1966 project of Bogunović and Ribnikar, and the works were finished on 7 July 2017, 10 days ahead of the schedule. The stone fountain, which was built on the location of an old, one-pipe fountain from the Ottoman period, was fully renovated and the stone bench made of the yellow Ljig sandstone, which was projected in 1966, was finally built. Further reconstruction began on 16 October 2017 and

7056-465: The 20th century, a 200 m (660 ft) long tunnel have been proposed along the eastern section of the park for decades. It would actually follow the route of the Pariska Street, between the streets of Gračanička and Uzun Mirkova. This would allow for the ground level to be transformed into the plateau with a fountain, which would make an extension of the pedestrian zone of Knez Mihailova and create

7200-534: The Cetinjska Street, was urbanized. It consisted of small houses, with yards and "obligatory" lilacs. Predating the market was a kafana "Bajlonov Kladenac" (Bajloni's water well). The market developed spontaneously in the 19th century for the customers from the lower Dorćol neighborhood, for whom the central city market, the Great Market, was too distant and uphill. It was established on an empty lot in front of

7344-512: The Filip's Brewery, which was later renamed to Bajloni Brewery. Due to his brewery, and a fact that he organized the draining of the marsh, after World War I the market became known as the Bajloni Market ( Bajlonijeva pijaca ). In 1926 the Great Market was finally closed and city founded several new markets throughout the city, further from the downtown: Zeleni Venac , Kalenić and Jovanova market. In

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7488-517: The Kalemegdan Park and not the Belgrade Fortress (which consists of the [former inner] fortress and the park), while the section where the gondola should be dug in is the core of the fortress. The statement concludes with the academy stating that Vesić's reaction "entails us to most firmly oppose to handing over the faith of the historical and cultural monuments, and identities of our cities, to

7632-498: The Kalemegdan side, the station will be dug into the hill, 1 m (3 ft 3 in) below the fortress' Sava Promenade. There is a cave 7 m (23 ft) below the projected station, so there is a possibility that the cave will be adapted for visitations and connected to the future gondola station by an elevator. On the Ušćе side, the starting point will be next to the Skate Park, across

7776-454: The Kalemegdan, represents a cultural monument of exceptional importance (from 1979), the area where various sport, cultural and arts events take place, for all generations of Belgraders and numerous visitors of the city. The name is formed from the two Turkish words: kale (meaning "fortress") and meydan (meaning "plaza, square", phonetically shifted to "megdan" in Serbian). Originally, it

7920-420: The Muslim world, caravanserais also provided revenues that were used to fund charitable or religious functions or buildings. These revenues and functions were managed through a waqf , a protected agreement which gave certain buildings and revenues the status of mortmain endowments guaranteed under Islamic law . Many major religious complexes in the Ottoman and Mamluk empires, for example, either included

8064-440: The Skadarlija experiment will continue? In October 2021, city's monuments commission adopted a motion to build a monument to singer Toma Zdravković , at No. 26. The motion, proposed by Rasim Ljajić , was accepted by the city assembly on 20 June 2023, but at No. 28. The lifesize monument, sculptured by Katarina Tripković, was ceremonially unveiled on 2 October 2023 by Ljajić and mayor Aleksandar Šapić . The present Skadarlija,

8208-510: The South Slavic lands ) wrote: "I wandered off in the Turkish part of the city...and I reached some large, green meadow. It was Kalemegdan, the open field which separates city from the fortress. The appearance of the field is quite rugged. The terrain is uneven and rocky. No tree or shrub can prosper here. The grass is dry...and bones of dead horses and cattle are scattered over it. But so much better

8352-522: The Ušće Tower. The entire route is 1 km (0.62 mi) long, of which 300 m (980 ft) will be above the Sava river itself. Estimated cost is €10 million and duration of works 18 months, but it is still not known when the construction will begin. Already existing criticism of the project continued, from the officially used name ( gondola instead of a traditional Serbian žičara ) and chosen location, to

8496-673: The abandoned trenches in front of the ramparts . As the expansion was not planned, the settlers buried the trench, and adapted the area, as they liked. The Serbs and the Turks began settling in 1835, building the first proper houses with gardens, so the street stretched between two gates of the Belgrade Fortress : Stambol Gate and Vidin Gate. The 1854 town plan of Belgrade reveals that the Gypsy hovels had been replaced by brick buildings into which artisans, caterers, petty clerks and others moved. The whole locality

8640-399: The animal smell, or that some more lucrative structures might be built instead of the zoo on such exceptional location since "direct investments" were given as one of the reasons. Šapić then retreated a bit, stating this is just a "political idea" which is not hastily made, that only now analyses and surveys will be done to check the viability, that nothing will be built instead of the zoo but

8784-629: The area of the Belgrade Fortress. The project was also opposed by the Serbian branch of the pan-European Federation for Cultural Heritage Europa Nostra , Serbian Archaeological Society and the History Department of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU). In its report, Europa Nostra described the project as controversial, irreversibly compromising for the fortress value, legally questionable, without clear purpose or any proper foundation of

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8928-442: The art of its kind. It has a special mechanism which consists of a steel cable and a separate handle which allows for the manual bringing down of the gondolas, in case of power outage. In October 2019, citizens reported increased number of scorpions in Kalemegdan. Experts explained those are Carpathian scorpions (Euscorpius carpathicus), which are small and, though they can sting, not poisonous for humans. Biologists said that there

9072-552: The banning the works by the Institute for the monuments protection. Clandestine works continued in March 2019. In August 2017 the construction of the gondola lift , which would connect Kalemegdan with the neighborhood of Ušće across the Sava, was announced by the city government for 2018. Construction was confirmed in March 2018 when the idea of a pedestrian bridge was dropped after it has been described as "complicated" and "unstable". On

9216-443: The book (biddings, planned investments, etc.) but nothing could be found in the official records. Since then, the leaseholders became known: two companies ("Cig" and "Black Rock"), which are already in the catering business, and which admitted that they planned to build a coffee shop, not to recreate an artistic of cultural pavilion. City sued all three participants, "Beogradska tvrđava", "Cig" and "Black Rock" and on 27 November 2017

9360-401: The brewery, the old tower and shopping mall, boiler room and lagums will be preserved but with additional functions. The tower will be illuminated and visible from the city neighborhoods below. The shopping mall's higher floors will be turned into a hotel. Lagums will be open for the public and turned into souvenir and gift shops. The atrium will be turned into a new commercial shopping mall and

9504-457: The center of the street, and it also conducted water to the local households from the central pump in Terazije . Still, during the heavy rains or melting of the snow, the stream would still form and flow down the middle of the street. The largest arch of the aqueduct was named Skadar , after the town (today in Albania), so in 1872 the street was named Skadarska ulica . Serbian for "Skadar street", it

9648-630: The center of youth and bohemian artists of Belgade. Plans for further adaptations were made in 1977 but remained on paper until 2008. Restaurant "Ima dana" was opened in 1969. One of the first modern clubs in the neighborhood was "Monokl", opened across the "Tri šešira" in the 1970s. Famous folk singer Silvana Armenulić performed at the opening. DJ was Maksa Ćatović , who was previously a disc jockey in "Cepelin" in Tašmajdan . In 1985 theatre director Zorica Jevremović Munitić founded Children's Street Theater /Ulično dečje pozorište/ in Skadarlija. The core of

9792-426: The city administration a temporary halt of the works during winter holidays. By September 2019, less than a year since the works were finished, the street was clearly disintegrating, showing the low quality of works and imported Greek stone. After both traditional and social media reported this, despite deputy mayor Goran Vesić stated in March 2018 that the final, third phase starts in October 2018, city now claims that

9936-485: The city budget. Little Kalemegdan Park ( Serbian : Мали калемегдански парк / Mali kalemegdanski park ) or simply Little Kalemegdan (Serbian: Мали Калемегдан / Mali Kalemegdan ), occupies the area in the eastern section, which borders the urban section of Belgrade. Northern section of Little Kalemegdan Park is occupied by the Belgrade Zoo , opened in 1936. The Cvijeta Zuzorić Art Pavilion, built in 1928,

10080-411: The club began playing folk music. It was closed later. As of 2013, Kalemegdan Park covered an area of 53 ha (130 acres) and had 3,424 individual trees from 80 different tree species. Most of the trees were between 20 and 60 years old. On 23 September 2020, six Chinese windmill palm trees were planted in front of the Cvijeta Zuzorić Art Pavilion. Those were the first palms planted in Belgrade in

10224-409: The construction site, filing complaints and fines against city and government officials and announcing 24-hours watch on site and demolition of any structure built in the meantime. Construction of the gondola lift is prohibited by the current Belgrade's General Regulatory Plan from 2016 which stipulates that construction of the "cables for the alternative transportation and recreation" is forbidden in

10368-443: The court declared their lease contract void. Only now became known that the contract was signed already on 5 August 2016, while "Cig" and "Black Rock" formed their consortium just one day before. Also, the works were to be finished by the mid-December 2017, after 3 months. Construction inspections visited the site several times and finally ordered the closing of the site and return to the previous state. On their side, State Institute for

10512-626: The cultural monument and the physical environment " and "damage wider public interests". Deputy mayor Goran Vesić stated that city "respects the court" but that construction will continue anyway. In May 2019, both the Supervisory and the Administrative board of the Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia conducted investigation, concluding that the permit issued by

10656-414: The cultural monuments protection expanded the zone to several blocks across the streets. Detailed plan on Kalemegdan from 1965 provided that, despite the immense archaeological value that lies beneath the fortress ground, basically only what was discovered by that time can be explored, restored or protected. That caused the problem both for the expansion of the park but even more for the further exploration of

10800-807: The decades. Even Alfred Hitchcock ended his diet in Skadarlija [1] . Often, they post photographs of their visits on the walls. For example, over the years, Tri šešira welcomed numerous famous guests such as guitarist Jimi Hendrix , politicians George H. W. Bush , Josip Broz Tito , King Juan Carlos I of Spain , Sandro Pertini , and chess player Anatoly Karpov . Other celebrities who visited Skadarlija include queen Elizabeth II , politicians Willy Brandt , Gianni de Michelis , Helmut Kohl , Hans-Dietrich Genscher , Yevgeny Primakov , Igor Ivanov and Margaret Thatcher , author Alberto Moravia , actors Burt Lancaster , Vladimir Visotsky , Gina Lollobrigida , Alain Delon , film director Nikita Mikhalkov , etc. Visitors from

10944-479: The drinking fountain, which was to be finished in July 2017. As the fountain is at the beginning of the street, the tourists routinely avoid the street thinking it is completely closed, while those who enter the restaurants' terraces and gardens often leave as the dust is everywhere, especially in the initial section of the street. The number of visitors dwindled and the restaurateurs accused the city administration of "ruining

11088-522: The entire reconstruction will have phases 4 and 5, though they were not mentioned before and nothing is known about them. The works were never finished and by December 2020 the street deteriorated even more, including the newly renovated parts, and was described as the "extreme sports training ground". The street was dug out again in January 2021, with claims that this is the ending phase, which will be finished by May/June 2021. By this time, journalists reported it

11232-578: The equipment from the failed brewery of Czech migrant and miller expert Johan Weinhappl founded in 1839, and installed it in the ending section of the Cetinjska Street, which forms the atrium with Skadarlija. The manually operated brewery became known as Little Brewery, to distinguish it from the Big Brewery, opened by the royal family in Savamala in 1840. It was purchased by the Bajloni family in 1880, who introduced

11376-520: The event are kept in the archive of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts . Two identical plaques, commemorating the event, are placed in May 1978. In Montmartre, the plaque is placed on the building of the Free Commune of Montmartre while artist Branimir Bane Minić, who authored the plaque, was dubbed the Knight of Montmartre. In Belgrade, the plaque is placed across the house of Đura Jakšić. Since 1993,

11520-485: The fighting between Serbs and Ottomans happened in the vicinity, British and Russian consuls in Belgrade relocated to the tents in Kalemegdan, to have better insight in the situation. When the Ottomans fully withdrew from Serbia in 1867, the Turkish pasha handed over the keys to the city to the ruling prince Mihajlo Obrenović . The area was not cultivated immediately after the Turkish withdrawal. The first works on arranging

11664-454: The first signs of economic recovery, Hospitality Secretariat of the First Raion decided to revitalize Skadarlija's kafanas in 1952. Works started first in "Skadarlija" in 1953, which was reopened on 31 December 1953. New Year's Eve celebration was attended by the members of the new, Communist elite, including president Josip Broz Tito and the first lady Jovanka Broz . Urban story claims that

11808-404: The fortress . In March 2012 it was announced that the construction will start by the end of the year. However, the planners from the 1970s version were against the execution, because they believed that the entire complex can exist only if there are already functioning subway lines, which as of 2018, are still not built. This way, the traffic problems won't be solved. Due to the price, general halt of

11952-473: The fortress and endanger UNESCO nomination, labeling the entire project as a textbook on breaking laws, procedures, planning documents, and rejecting numerous experts' opinions. All this combined points to systemic organized corruption. Though construction didn't start by this point, 155 trees have been cut and city paid the contractor 626 million dinars (€5.3 million) in advance, with further 200.000 (€1.700) in 2023 and 420 million (€3.56 million) in 2024 planned in

12096-434: The fortress on the list of 14 endangered world heritage localities in Europe, specifically because of the gondola lift project. In March 2020, the fortress was voted one of the Europe's 7 most endangered heritage sites. In January 2021, Suzana Vasiljević, media advisor to the president of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić , said: "President rejoice over gondola. No one can stop him. No one will stop him to finish that project. I know

12240-523: The fortress will be conserved instead, and that there is no set time frame for the project. An artificial pond, with small island and pedestrian bridges was formed in front of the zoo. It was destroyed during the bombing in World War II . In 1958, an amusement park ( luna park ) was open on that same location. Its main attraction, the Ferris wheel , was installed in 1964. In Serbian called "Panorama", it

12384-592: The fortress' ramparts and in the Upper Town. The arranging of the main Sava alley, above the river, began in 1886. Most extensive works in the park were done from 1890. During March 1891, the pathways were cut through, and trees were planted; in 1903 the Small Staircase was built, based on the project of Jelisaveta Načić , the first woman architect in Serbia, while the Big Staircase, designed by architect Aleksandar Krstić ,

12528-616: The fortress' underground. Best example is the Lower Town where neither the park fully developed nor the remains of the former port, which was located there, are visible. When Emilijan Josimović drafted the first official urban plan for Belgrade in 1867, he envisioned a tunnel below the modern park area. This way, he planned to connect the Sava Port, in Savamala, and the Danube Port, in Dorćol. In

12672-583: The ground for almost three floors. The project was scrapped in the later years due to the unsolved property ownership issues, as the BIP sold the brewery to the Italian company "Star Immobiliare" in 2006 which in turn sold it to the British "Invest Balkan Properties PLC" in 2007. Company "Elgin" acquired the building in 2010. They claimed that by the end of 2011, they will announce which of the world-famous hotel chains will build

12816-408: The historic areas of Damascus , Aleppo , Cairo , Istanbul , Fes , etc. Ibn Battuta , a 14th-century Muslim traveler, described the function of a caravenserai in the region of China: China is the safest and best country for the traveller. A man travels for nine months alone with great wealth and has nothing to fear. What is responsible for this is that in every post station in their country

12960-413: The idea of transforming the street into what it is today came in c.1957, during the mulled beer drinking contest between the poet Libero Markoni  [ sr ] , and writer and artist Zuko Džumhur in "Tri šešira". Skadarlija was protected by the law in 1967, when the decision of its reconstruction was also announced. The renovation and restoration began in 1968 in accordance with the designs made by

13104-438: The idea. The detailed report, compiled by Hermann Parzinger , was delivered to the Serbian government. Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure issued the permit for preparatory works on 1 April 2019. However, on 17 April 2019, Belgrade's Administrative Court temporarily halted further works citing legality of the construction permits but also saying that gondola lift may have "irreversible repercussions for both

13248-484: The info board named "Beogradska tvrđava" as an investor. As the entire Kalemegdan area is protected by the law, the State Institute for the monuments protection also had to approve any works. They issued a permit, naming which parts of the object have to be preserved and which may be demolished but, nevertheless, the entire house was demolished. "Beogradska tvrđava" claimed that everything has been done transparent and by

13392-520: The institute was not valid as it was not issued following the necessary guidelines and protocols and excluding experts in the process. Though stating it will obey the court's decision, the ministry filed a lawsuit at the Supreme Court of Cassation against the decision of the Administrative Court. The lawsuit was rejected as the previous ruling of the Administrative Court is a temporary one, not

13536-461: The late 19the century, the beginning of the street was a location of "Pašonin bulevar", the very first Belgrade's music hall . As of 2022, the Tri šešira , founded in 1864, is the oldest, still operational kafana in Skadarlija and second overall in Belgrade, after the ? . With other kafanas being closed or relocated to Skadarlija, and closing of the most popular "Velika Srbija" inn in 1905 to make place for

13680-521: The later period include Joe Biden and Johannes Hahn . As similar bohemian quarters, Skadarlija and Parisian Montmartre twinned on 22 October 1977. A group of French artists visited Belgrade to mark the occasion. They were joined by large crowds of Belgraders, and they formed a joint procession which walked from the Monument of Gratitude to France in Kalemegdan Park , through Knez Mihailova Street and Republic Square , to Skadarlija. The photos of

13824-472: The local population. Except for Stara Skadarlija , changes will mainly occur in the side from the Cetinjska street which is considered a low preservation urban area, unlike the Skadarlija side, which is protected by the law and no new construction works will be allowed. As the altitude difference from top to bottom of the projected area is 17 metres (56 ft), it is de facto going to be step-like dug into

13968-414: The lower half, which was done by December, only the new stones were used. The customs paper show that the stone was imported only after the asphalt pavement was finished and public protests. The reconstruction was halted again in the spring of 2018 because of the opening of the touristic season, and was continued in October 2018. Deadline for this phase was mid-December 2018, but when deadline approached, it

14112-472: The man". In March 2021, the Administrative Court fully annulled the 2019 permit issued by the Ministry of Construction. In June 2021, during the amending of the city budget, it was obvious that city still plans to go with the project. Vesić stated that the gondola will be built, and that he didn't understand the bewilderment about it. New mayor from the same party, Aleksandar Šapić , said in September 2022 that

14256-567: The market and the adjoining plateau in front of the BITEF Theatre . Kalemegdan The Kalemegdan Park ( Serbian : Калемегдански парк / Kalemegdanski park ), or simply Kalemegdan ( Serbian Cyrillic : Калемегдан ) is the largest park and the most important historical monument in Belgrade . It is located on a 125-metre-high (410 ft) cliff, at the junction of the River Sava and

14400-453: The monuments protection also banned any further construction. After the demolition, the wholes were dug in the ground, presumably for the new foundations, but in February 2018 the construction yard was abandoned and the dug out holes remained. Public reactions were negative as from the start it was suspected that a restaurant or a coffee shop will be built. Further controversies, apart from the hidden information and almost absolute ignorance of

14544-606: The most famous streets in Belgrade, Skadarska is less than 400 metres (440 yd) long. It connects the Despot Stefan Boulevard with the Dušanova Street, near the Bajloni open greenmarket and the Mira Trailović Square, where it extends into the neighborhood of Dorćol . Neighborhoods of Kopitareva Gradina and Jevremovac are to the east. Though today the term is mostly applied to the street only, Skadarlija

14688-525: The nationalization, lack of professional staff, rationed food and drinks, and the general state of adversity after the war. State organized "administrative provisioning" for kafanas, in case of Skadarlija and the entire Belgrade's First Raion (modern Stari Grad municipality), from the central storage facility in the Vlajkovićeva Street. Thus, even those kafanas which worked, had no permanent menus, as they never knew what groceries will be delivered. After

14832-406: The next post station and he brings back a certificate from the director of the funduq confirming that they have all arrived. If he does not do this he is answerable for them. This is the procedure in every post station in their country from Sin al-Sin to Khan Baliq. In them is everything the traveller needs by way of provisions, especially hens and geese. Sheep are rare among them. In many parts of

14976-458: The official opening of the summer season in Skadarlija (restaurants are open the entire year) has been marked by rising a "bohemian flag". The flagpole is located in front of the Zlatni bokal restaurant. The ceremony is always attended by celebrities, including popular and opera singers, actors, and artists. The season usually begins in the late April/early May. There is a special code of conduct for

15120-611: The park are battered, the ancient ramparts of Singidunum crushed, all being hit by the heavy, modern artillery, from precisely measured distance and even more precisely unmeasured hatred". Though already by the 1900s the Kalemegdan gained the appearance of a proper park, it was especially embellished during the Interbellum . In the 1920s and 1930s, new additions within the park were Cvijeta Zuzorić Art Pavilion, Monument of Gratitude to France , sculpture-fountain "Fisherman" by Simeon Roksandić , Belgrade Zoo , busts of poets and writers along

15264-585: The pedestrian pathways, etc. Actor Nikola Popović (1907–1967) formed the Artistic Theatre in 1939, in order to preserve the tradition of the private professional theatres. As the theatre had no building of its own, they performed at the summer stage in Kalemegdan. The actors continued to perform throughout 1941, even after the German occupation in April, giving 101 performance under the occupation. A one-off motor race

15408-447: The people whose ambitions and power are in obvious disproportion to their education". Even though no proper permits have been issued and no work has been done, city already in 2018 paid 267 million dinars (€2.26 million) to the contractor, or 83.5% of the planned investment in the project for 2018, though only 42% of other planned investments were realized. In the 2020 budget, city allocated further €4 million, while Europa Nostra placed

15552-570: The permit for archaeological research on the location in December 2017, when the construction site was declared an archaeological dig. Archaeologists made three digs and discovered the artifacts from the Antiquity and the Middle Ages. A fact that the investor didn't provide the proper archaeological survey, which he had to do since it is obligatory when it comes to Kalemegdan, was one of the reasons named for

15696-454: The process, the Bajloni market was also adapted that year: it got new market stalls, a fence, quality stores for the meat, eggs and dairy products and improved hygiene. After re-opening in 1927 it originally functioned as the wholesale market, becoming a retal farmers market after World War II. The market was demolished during the Allied Easter bombing of Belgrade on 16 April 1944. According

15840-477: The project by the environmentalists, architects and urbanists, with additional cutting of over 100 trees in Ušće park across the river, this prompted popular protests. Citizens organized and as the city was cutting the trees, they were planting new seedlings. Drilling also began and it was announced that the stone wall will be partially demolished, too. Municipality of Stari Grad also organized protests, demolishing fences on

15984-416: The public green area. Authorities said that the palms will survive the weather as the Belgrade's climate is getting warmer due to the climate change. Great Kalemegdan Park ( Serbian : Велики калемегдански парк / Veliki kalemegdanski park ) or simply Great Kalemegdan (Serbian: Велики Калемегдан / Veliki Kalemegdan ), occupies the southern corner of the fortress, with geometrical promenades,

16128-492: The reporters and public inquires and refusal of the information disclosing by the "Beogradska tvrđava", were sparked when the bidding paperwork became public in the meantime. Only companies already in the foodservice activities were allowed to participate, even though it was noted that the object is not connected either to the waterworks nor the sewage system, and that there are no requirements to be connected at all. Ministry of construction confirmed that Ministry of culture issued

16272-649: The restaurants and their employees. The code was rescinded in 1975 but was reintroduced in 2010. It includes the types of dishes that can be found on the menues, what types of uniforms, table clothes or music are allowed and the knowledge of foreign languages. The entire season consists of a series of festivities and celebrations: Summer Saint Nicholas Feast, Skadarlija Fest, Flower Festival ( Festival cveća ), Hat Festival ( Šeširijada ), Tamburica Fest, Miss Skadarlija Paegeant, children's cooking festival Varjačići (visited by Jamie Oliver ), wine exhibitions, painting and poetry evenings, theatrical shows, Snail Race for choosing

16416-503: The route, especially the Kalemegdan station which is a collapsible locality above the cave, in the area already prone to mass wasting . Park of the Non-Aligned Countries in the neighborhood of Kosančićev Venac was proposed as the better solution. Cutting of 47 trees in the park, because of the gondola lift began in March 2019. The pine trees were 50 to 60 years old. With an enlarged price of €15 million and unified opposition to

16560-419: The skull disappeared. The well is located 80 to 300 meters (250 to 1000 feet) under the surface. After 1945, the brewery became part of the "BIP" brewery, but was later closed. The spring water was bottled for drinking until the early 2000s. Under the brewery is a complex of lagums (subterranean galleries or catacombes ), which were used as a storage rooms for the beer barrels. By 2008, the entire inner complex

16704-465: The slowest bicycle rider, dancing shows for the old-style dances, etc. The symbol of Skadarlija is a Fedora -type hat. There are numerous folk songs which mention the hat, they are dedicated to it or named after it. This especially goes for the songs in the style of starogradska muzika , which is another emblematic feature of Skadarlija. At the end of the street, across the Dušanova Street, there

16848-576: The steam machines. It produced "Aleksandar" beer, made from thermal waters that spring out in the brewery's backyard. When Bajloni began digging for the foundations of his brewery in 1892, he discovered the bones of the mammoths and skulls of the Neanderthal Krapina man , who was jokingly nicknamed in the press of the day "the first Belgrader". During the German-Austrian occupation in World War I,

16992-402: The stream was an administrative border between the quarters of Palilula and Dorćol (Stari Grad). As Palilula limited the playing of music to midnight, people would then jump across the stream in the Dorćol section to continue with festivities. An aqueduct was later constructed which conducted the stream underground, which still flows below the street. The aqueduct was essentially a wall through

17136-404: The street began, because this is when the first urban plans for the streets were made. Soon after the aqueduct was built, the first khans were built along the foothill of the wall. They were the precursors of later kafanas. Skadarlija began to acquire its bohemian character in the last few decades of the 19th century, and particularly after 1901, when the well-known Dardaneli inn, located where

17280-426: The street. Unlike other similar and popular places in Belgrade that are considered posh , Skadarlija is known as a place visited by young couples and entire families with children. Restaurants offer the typical national cuisine , most notably the roštilj (grilled meat) with pivo (beer). Skadarlija's cafés , restaurants, art exhibits and cobblestone ( kaldrma ) promenade attract up to 20,000 people daily. The street

17424-461: The streets of Skadarska , Zetska , Cetinjska and Dušanova . Works are scheduled to begin in September 2008 and due to be finished by December 2010. A new multi-functional center will include two hotels, subterranean garage, restaurants, museum and a new pedestrian zone comprising a wide promenade between the Skadarska and Cetinjska streets. The restaurant Stara Skadarlija , two authentic walls of

17568-422: The subway construction and constant changes in its routes, the project hasn't materialized yet. While it was inhabited, Kalemegdan formed one of the quarters in the administrative division of Belgrade. It was called Grad , and translated in the foreign languages as "fortress". According to the censuses, it had a population of 2,219 in 1890, 2,281 in 1895, 2,777 in 1900, 2,396 in 1905 and 454 in 1910. The quarter

17712-462: The theatrical season. The park was damaged during World War I , especially during the heavy Austro-Hungarian bombardment in 1914–1915, prior to occupation. The Serbian army had no proper ammunition to fight the Austrian gunboats , so they freely fired at the city from the Sava river. Diplomat and author Radoje Janković  [ sr ] described it in 1914: "Kalemegdan is "trimmed", the trees in

17856-511: The tougher public scrutiny since then, it was obvious that the old stone was replaced with the new, imported one, produced in Greece in 2016. City then announced that the old and new stones will be mixed, but instead of a colorful stones of the old kaldrma , the new one is uniformly gray, described as the "dark shroud, in contrast to the previous playful and diverse one, which took [from Skadarlija] its joy and vibrancy and killed its Dionysian spirit". In

18000-593: The town field Kalemegdan started in 1869. Though not the oldest park in Belgrade, it is the one which is being continually groomed and attended the longest. The area of the town field was sort of a buffer zone between the fortress and the settlement outside of the Laudon trench, which separated the Turkish and the Serbian sections of Belgrade. The idea of turning the area into the park came from Belgrade's first trained urbanist, Emilijan Josimović , who in 1869 basically constructed modern Knez Mihailova Street. Prior to that, only

18144-481: The troupe was made up of Romany children who lived in Skadarlija, 'white' children' from Dorcol (a nearby prestigious Belgrade neighborhood), Romany children from the favelas of the Belgrade suburb of Mirijevo (who sell flowers in Skadarlija), professional actors and painters who live in Skadarlija, a Skadarlija fortune-teller, clowns, fire eaters, and alternative artists (musicians, painters). The house of Đura Jakšić ,

18288-521: The very first Serbian puppet show, Kuku, Todore . In the mid-1920s the fair was displaced to Voždovac , an eastern suburb at the time, due to the impending construction of the art pavilion. As the new location was too distant for most of the Belgraders, the fair was soon disbanded. The circuses and fairs were so popular, the National Theatre in Belgrade asked for them to be banned from the city during

18432-462: The vicinity of the area were built in c.1717. The area was mostly empty heath , stretching between the city's outer gates and the village of Palilula. First settlement in the zone of the modern street was recorded c.1825. This area, the Danube slope, unlike the Sava slope where Savamala is located, was settled spontaneously. The proper history of Skadarlija began in 1830 with the settlement of Gypsies in

18576-416: The works will continue if they are "not endangering the heritage of Kalemegdan", and that project is "not expensive anyway". Government's Anti-Corruption Council in its September 2022 report asked for the project to be dropped, describing it as "against public interest, and as such harmful for Belgrade from numerous aspects". The council concluded that the gondola lift might permanently damage basic values of

18720-478: Was a roadside inn where travelers ( caravaners ) could rest and recover from the day's journey. Caravanserais supported the flow of commerce, information, and people across the network of trade routes covering Asia, North Africa and Southeast Europe , most notably the Silk Road . Often located along rural roads in the countryside, urban versions of caravanserais were also historically common in cities throughout

18864-472: Was abolished on 24 August 1913. With the neighboring residential area, Kalemegdan formed one of the local communities ( mesna zajednica , a sub-municipal administrative unit), which had a population of 3,650 in 1981, 3,392 in 1991 and 2,676 in 2002. Municipality of Stari Grad, on whose territory Kalemegdan is located, later abolished local communities. Caravanserai A caravanserai (or caravansary ; / k ær ə ˈ v æ n s ə ˌ r aɪ / )

19008-450: Was almost always open to the sky, and the inside walls of the enclosure were outfitted with a number of identical animal stalls , bays, niches or chambers to accommodate merchants and their servants, animals, and merchandise. Caravanserais provided water for human and animal consumption, washing and ritual purification such as wudu and ghusl . Sometimes they had elaborate public baths ( hammams ), or other attached amenities such as

19152-450: Was also a landscape architect continued to improve on the work of Josimović. King Milan ordered the levelling of the terrain in the eastern sections of the fortress and planting of the greenery and trees, which in time developed into the Kalemegdan Park. He was inspired by the parks he saw in France. First phase of the forestation lasted until 1875 and included planting of the trees beneath

19296-574: Was also frequently used for this type of building in Egypt. The term okelle or okalle , the Italianized rendering of the Arabic word wikala , is used for a type of large urban buildings in 19th century Egypt, specifically in Alexandria . Here, the older Egyptian wikala was reinterpreted in an Italianate style by the Italian architect Francesco Mancini . Directed by Muhammad Ali , he designed and built

19440-511: Was an empty strip of land, from the Sava to the Danube (hence the name). It was used by the Ottoman army as the training ground, ceremonial military review location and the gathering point of the army before the battles. Several meters wide strip also separated the strictly military section of the fortress from the civilian houses. As such, the field was neglected for centuries. Bohemian writer Siegfried Kapper visited Belgrade in 1850 and in his 1853 book Südslavische Wanderungen ( Roaming through

19584-750: Was built in 1928. Area at the top of the Little Kalemegdan, which is occupied by the Cvijeta Zuzorić Art Pavilion today, was an open fairground for a long time. The very first recorded circus in Belgrade settled here in 1845. Sources from the period claim this was the first time the Belgraders saw an elephant. In 1869, a Tunisian circus with 18 acts, performed at Kalemegdan. Later, the fairground became permanent. Tents were placed, with numerous attractions: panoptikum or collections of curios, okular ("funny" ocular lenses), magicians, fortune tellers, illusionists, etc. Ilija Božić performed here

19728-410: Was described as "extremely important for the tourists", while the number of parking spaces was reduced to 300. The design by architects Zoran Dmitrović and Zorica Savičić anticipates the market on two levels, ban of parking in the surrounding streets of Skadarska and Đorđa Jovanovića and expansion of sidewalks and planting of avenues , and expansion of the Skadarlija tourist area to include the plateau of

19872-568: Was held on the roads surrounding the parks in September 1939, the Belgrade Grand Prix of which the Belgrade City Race was the feature race. It is additionally notable as the last Grand Prix to be held in Europe for many years as fighting in what would become World War II had started just days earlier to the north in Poland . In the mid-1980s, open-air disco "Crveni Podijum" (Red Podium)

20016-426: Was obvious that the works are not going to be finished. Despite holiday season, the works left majority of the quarter even without the basic, street lights. Additionally, works on almost all cross streets began in April and were to be finished by October, but that wasn't finished either, so the association of the local restaurant and café owners again reported declining income due to the dug streets. They negotiated with

20160-467: Was organized in Kalemegdan. It was called the "largest open-air disco in the Balkans " and was known to attract up to 10,000 visitors on some nights. In the 1990s, a club "Underground" was opened in the cave below the park. It was known for the specific type of music: acid jazz, funk, drum and house. The club enjoyed cult status for years but after the change of proprietors, the choice of music also changed and

20304-559: Was produced in the United Kingdom, then transported to Italy, while it arrived in Yugoslavia in the early 1950s. It was exhibited in almost all parts of the country, before it permanently settled in Kalemegdan. In 2013 there were only 6 of its kind in the world. Soon, it became a symbol of the park and Belgrade's counterpart of the Vienna 's Wiener Riesenrad . When produced, it was the state of

20448-409: Was projected to last until the spring of 2018. In November 2017 photos appeared showing that the trademark stone kaldrma has been removed and that street was paved with the asphalt concrete . It prompted a major public outburst and protests, so the city authorities explained that the asphalt is just the substrate and that stones will be washed and placed on top of the asphalt. As the works were under

20592-587: Was referred to as the Gypsy Quarter , Gypsy Alley or Šićan Mala and remained a Romani settlement until 1870. In that period, the stream called Bibijin potok ("Bibija stream"), which originates under the modern Politika building in the Makedonska Street, flowed down the alley, crossing it. The stream was named after Bibija , the Romani deity of salvation. At the time, Belgrade was divided into quarters, and

20736-409: Was repeated in July 2016. On 13 September 2017, without any announcements, the object was demolished. An info table was placed later, saying that the works on the reconstruction began on 15 September, two days after the object was completely razed to the ground. After public and media protests, the city owned communal company which administers the fortress, "Beogradska tvrđava", announced that the terrain

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