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45-563: Like Bill Monroe 's Bluegrass Boys, the band provided the name to its musical genre, "Dutchman Music". As might be surmised from the band's name, there were initially six members, but over time it grew to include about a dozen musicians. The band appeared often on a local television station in Mankato, Minnesota , and their popularity grew to the point where they played the Nebraska State Fair for 26 straight years. The Six Fat Dutchmen played

90-409: A double LP from the festival featuring Monroe, Jimmy Martin, Lester Flatt, and Jim and Jesse was released in 1973. The annual Bill Monroe Bean Blossom Bluegrass Festival is now the world's oldest continuously running annual bluegrass festival. Monroe's compositions during his later period were largely instrumentals, including "Jerusalem Ridge", "Old Dangerfield" (originally spelled Daingerfield after

135-606: A highly accomplished group that included fiddler Howdy Forrester and bassist Joe Forrester and would soon include fiddler Chubby Wise and bassist Howard Watts , who often performed under the name "Cedric Rainwater". In retrospect, this line-up of the Blue Grass Boys has been dubbed the "Original Bluegrass Band", as the music finally included all the elements that characterize bluegrass music, including breakneck tempos, sophisticated vocal harmony arrangements, and impressive instrumental proficiency demonstrated in solos or "breaks" on

180-487: A one quart bottle and some smaller bottles of white liquor in their vehicle. They were turned over to federal authorities yet there are no records of the case. It is believed they got off because their vehicle could not be searched without a warrant. Nonetheless, Shultz was shaken up, "during the next few years, he could be found in or near the quiet villages of Horton and Rosine, much to the benefit of Bill Monroe." Shultz also played with Charlie Monroe and gave Bill Monroe

225-536: A result of poisoning by a white musician who was jealous of him. Less colorful reports indicate that he suffered a stroke while boarding a bus. Arnold Schultz died in Butler County, Kentucky , near the small city of Morgantown . He is buried in the town's only African American cemetery at the end of Bell Street. The IBMA Foundation established the Arnold Shultz Fund in 2020 to support activities increasing

270-455: Is noted as a major influence in the development of the "thumb-style," or " Travis picking " method of playing guitar. Shultz, the son of a former slave , was born into a family of touring musicians in Ohio County , Kentucky , in 1886. The community he grew up around was musically active. Ella Griffin, his cousin, says "He learned [music] at home. He just picked it up himself, It just runs in

315-483: Is often called the " Father of Bluegrass ". The genre takes its name from his band, the Blue Grass Boys , who named their group for the bluegrass of Monroe's home state of Kentucky . He described the genre as "Scottish bagpipes and ole-time fiddlin'. It's Methodist and Holiness and Baptist. It's blues and jazz , and it has a high lonesome sound." Monroe was born on his family's farm near Rosine, Kentucky ,

360-566: The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award , and he was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1995. His well-known song " Blue Moon of Kentucky " has been covered not only by bluegrass but also rock and country artists, most notably Elvis Presley, Paul McCartney , and Patsy Cline . In 2003, CMT had Bill Monroe ranked No. 16 on CMT 40 Greatest Men of Country Music . Artists that claimed to be influenced by or to be playing

405-481: The Minnesota Music Hall of Fame . This article on a United States band or other musical ensemble is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bill Monroe William Smith Monroe ( / m ə n ˈ r oʊ / mən- ROH ; September 13, 1911 – September 9, 1996) was an American mandolinist , singer, and songwriter, and created the bluegrass music genre. Because of this, he

450-656: The " Nashville sound " in mainstream country music both represented threats to the viability of bluegrass. While still a mainstay on the Grand Ole Opry, Monroe found diminishing success on the singles charts, and struggled to keep his band together in the face of declining demand for live performances. Monroe's fortunes began to improve during the American folk music revival of the early 1960s. Many college students and other young people were beginning to discover Monroe, associating his style more with traditional folk music than with

495-481: The "Blue Grass Quartet", which featured four-part vocal arrangements accompanied solely by mandolin and guitar – Monroe's usual practice when performing "sacred" songs. Both Flatt and Scruggs left Monroe's band in early 1948, soon forming their own group, the Foggy Mountain Boys . In 1949, after signing with Decca Records, Monroe entered what has been called the "golden age" of his career with what many consider

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540-693: The "father of bluegrass", he was also an inaugural inductee into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor in 1991. Monroe was a recipient of a 1982 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts , which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. That year's fellowships were the first bestowed by the NEA. In 1993, he received

585-613: The "father" of bluegrass. Accordingly, at the first bluegrass festival organized by Carlton Haney at Roanoke, Virginia in 1965, Bill Monroe was the central figure. In 1964, before the Grateful Dead got together, Jerry Garcia caravanned across the country from California to tag along with Monroe. He was playing in the band The Black Mountain Boys in Palo Alto with Sandy Rothman, and in may of 64 he visited Neil Rosenberg at Bean Blossom, playing

630-583: The Aragon and Trianon ballrooms in Chicago, broadcasting live on radio station WGN . They enjoyed a 14-year recording career with RCA Victor , during which they recorded 800 songs. After parting ways with RCA, the band recorded for Dot Records for ten years. The 1995 compilation CD The Six Fat Dutchmen's Greatest Hits earned a 3.5 star rating (out of 5) in AllMusic . Another compilation, Greatest Hits Volume 2

675-421: The Blue Grass Boys consisted of singer/guitarist Clyde Moody , fiddler Tommy Magness, and bassist Bill Wesbrooks. While the fast tempos and instrumental virtuosity characteristic of bluegrass music are apparent even on these early tracks, Monroe was still experimenting with the sound of his group. He seldom sang lead vocals on his Victor recordings, often preferring to contribute high tenor harmonies as he had in

720-909: The Blue Grass Boys over the nearly 60 years of Monroe's performing career. Monroe tended to recruit promising young musicians who served an apprenticeship with him before becoming accomplished artists in their own right. Some of Monroe's band members who went on to greater prominence include singer/guitarists Clyde Moody , Lester Flatt , Jack Cook, Mac Wiseman , Jimmy Martin , Carter Stanley , Del McCoury , Peter Rowan , Roland White , Roland Dunn and Doug Green ; banjo players Earl Scruggs , Bob Black, Butch Robins , Buck Trent , Don Reno , Stringbean , Sonny Osborne , and Bill Keith ; and fiddlers Tommy Magness, Chubby Wise , Vassar Clements , Byron Berline , Kenny Baker , Bobby Hicks , Gordon Terry , Randall Franks and Glen Duncan. Monroe also regularly performed with flat-picking guitar virtuoso Doc Watson . Modern bluegrass singer and mandolin player Ricky Skaggs

765-679: The Grand Ole Opry. Monroe also kept a hectic touring schedule. On April 7, 1990, Monroe performed for Farm Aid IV in Indianapolis , Indiana along with Willie Nelson , John Mellencamp , Neil Young and with many other artists. Monroe's last performance occurred on March 15, 1996. He ended his touring and playing career in April, following a stroke. Monroe died on September 9, 1996, in Springfield, Tennessee , four days shy of his 85th birthday. According to Ralph Rinzler , Bill Monroe impacted music in

810-529: The Hill", and Monroe's most famous song " Blue Moon of Kentucky ", which was recorded by Elvis Presley in 1954, appearing as the B-side of his first single for Sun Records . Monroe gave his blessing to Presley's rock and roll cover of the song, originally a slow ballad in waltz time, and re-recorded it himself with a faster arrangement after Presley's version became a hit. Several gospel-themed numbers are credited to

855-639: The Monroe Brothers to a recording contract in 1936. They scored an immediate hit single with the gospel song "What Would You Give in Exchange For Your Soul?" and ultimately recorded 60 tracks for Victor's Bluebird label between 1936 and 1938. After the Monroe Brothers disbanded in 1938, Bill Monroe formed The Kentuckians in Little Rock, Arkansas , but the group only lasted for three months. Monroe then left Little Rock for Atlanta, Georgia , to form

900-445: The Monroe Brothers. A 1945 session for Columbia Records featured an accordion , soon dropped from the band. Most importantly, Monroe added banjo player David "Stringbean" Akeman to the Blue Grass Boys in 1942. Akeman played the instrument in a relatively primitive style and was rarely featured in instrumental solos. Monroe's pre-1946 recordings represent a transitional style between the string-band tradition from which he came and

945-484: The North, Monroe was slower to respond. Under the influence of Ralph Rinzler , a young musician and folklorist from New Jersey who briefly became Monroe's manager in 1963, Monroe gradually expanded his geographic reach beyond the traditional southern country music circuit. Rinzler was also responsible for a lengthy profile and interview in the influential folk music magazine Sing Out! that first publicly referred to Monroe as

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990-587: The banjo and making tapes of Monroe's performances. The growing national popularity of Monroe's music during the 1960s was also apparent in the increasingly diverse background of musicians recruited into his band. Non-southerners who served as Blue Grass Boys during this period included banjo player Bill Keith and singer/guitarist Peter Rowan from Massachusetts, fiddler Gene Lowinger from New Jersey, banjo player Lamar Grier from Maryland, banjo player Steve Arkin from New York, and singer/guitarist Roland White and fiddler Richard Greene from California. Even after

1035-417: The bluegrass genre were often bullied by Bill Monroe. He always considered himself the father and caretaker of bluegrass. He would often say of new bands that did not perform to his standards, "That ain't no part of nothin'." Even those who question the scope of bluegrass refer to Monroe as a "musical giant" and recognize that "there would be no bluegrass without Bill Monroe." More than 150 musicians played in

1080-509: The classic "high lonesome" version of the Blue Grass Boys, featuring the lead vocals and rhythm guitar of Jimmy Martin , the banjo of Rudy Lyle (replacing Don Reno ), and fiddlers such as Merle "Red" Taylor, Charlie Cline , Bobby Hicks , and Vassar Clements . This band recorded a number of bluegrass classics, including "My Little Georgia Rose", "On and On", "Memories of Mother and Dad", and "Uncle Pen", as well as instrumentals such as "Roanoke", "Big Mon", "Stoney Lonesome", "Get Up John", and

1125-539: The country-and-western genre with which it had previously been identified. The word "bluegrass" first appeared around this time to describe the sound of Monroe and similar artists such as Flatt and Scruggs, the Stanley Brothers, Reno and Smiley , Jim and Jesse , and the Osborne Brothers . While Flatt and Scruggs immediately recognized the potential for a lucrative new audience in cities and on college campuses in

1170-403: The dance” and “they had a guitar, banjo, and fiddle. Arnold played the guitar.” "Bill was awestruck." Shultz taught his guitar methods to Kennedy Jones , who disseminated the "thumb-style" methods further. His methods were passed down further to Merle Travis and Ike Everly . Schultz died on April 14, 1931 of a heart problem, a mitral lesion, though legends have persisted that he died as

1215-408: The early 1920s, he played fiddle in the otherwise white hillbilly and Dixieland band of Forest "Boots" Faught. To the occasional complaints this brought (objections like "You've got a colored fiddle. We don't want that!"), Faught would simply reply, "I've got the man because he's a good musician." Yet, Blacks playing for whites was not a rare thing in some places, such as Ohio County. Shultz himself

1260-459: The family." In 1900, Shultz began studying guitar under his uncle, developing a jazzy "thumb-style" method of playing guitar that eventually evolved into the Kentucky style for which such musicians as Chet Atkins , Doc Watson and Merle Travis would be known. Professionally, Shultz was a laborer, traveling from Kentucky through Mississippi and New Orleans, working with coal or as a deck hand. In

1305-535: The fiddle at dances. This experience inspired one of Monroe's most famous compositions, "Uncle Pen", recorded in 1950, and the 1972 album Bill Monroe's Uncle Pen. On that album, Monroe recorded a number of traditional fiddle tunes he had often heard performed by Vandiver. Vandiver has been credited with giving Monroe "a repertoire of tunes that sank into Bill's aurally trained memory and a sense of rhythm that seeped into his bones." Also significant in Monroe's musical life

1350-519: The first edition of the Blue Grass Boys, with singer/guitarist Cleo Davis , fiddler Art Wooten, and bassist Amos Garren . In October 1939, Monroe successfully auditioned for a regular spot on the Grand Ole Opry , impressing Opry founder George D. Hay with his energetic performance of Jimmie Rodgers 's " Mule Skinner Blues ". Monroe recorded that song, along with seven others, at his first solo recording session for RCA Victor in 1940; by this time,

1395-415: The folk revival faded in the mid-1960s, it left a loyal audience for bluegrass music. Bluegrass festivals became common, with fans often traveling long distances to see a number of different acts over several days of performances. In 1967, Monroe himself founded an annual bluegrass festival at Bean Blossom in southern Indiana, a park he had purchased in 1951, which routinely attracted a crowd of thousands;

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1440-576: The following five ways: Bill Monroe was made an honorary Kentucky Colonel in 1966. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1970, the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1971, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (as an "early influence") in 1997. Jimmie Rodgers , Bob Wills , Hank Williams Sr. , and Johnny Cash are the only other performers honored in all three. As

1485-450: The less desirable mandolin . He recalled that his brothers insisted that he remove four of the mandolin's eight strings so he would not play too loudly. Monroe's mother died when he was ten, and his father died six years later. Eventually, his brothers and sisters moved away, leaving Monroe to bounce between uncles and aunts until finally settling in with his disabled uncle Pendleton Vandiver, whom he often accompanied when Vandiver played

1530-421: The mandolin feature "Raw Hide". Carter Stanley joined the Blue Grass Boys as guitarist for a short time in 1951 during a period when The Stanley Brothers had temporarily disbanded. On January 16, 1953, Monroe was critically injured in a two-car wreck. He and "Bluegrass Boys" bass player, Bessie Lee Mauldin , were returning home from a fox hunt north of Nashville . On highway 31-W, near White House, their car

1575-512: The mandolin, banjo, and fiddle. By this time, Monroe had acquired the 1923 Gibson F5 model "Lloyd Loar" mandolin, which became his trademark instrument for the remainder of his career. The 28 songs recorded by this version of the Blue Grass Boys for Columbia Records in 1946 and 1947 soon became classics of the genre, including "Toy Heart", "Blue Grass Breakdown", " Molly and Tenbrooks ", "Wicked Path of Sin", "My Rose of Old Kentucky", "Little Cabin Home on

1620-478: The musical innovation to follow. Key developments occurred in Monroe's music with the addition of Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs to the Blue Grass Boys in December 1945. Flatt played a solid rhythm guitar style that would help to set the course for bluegrass timing. Scruggs played the banjo with a distinctive three-finger picking style that immediately caused a sensation among Opry audiences. Flatt and Scruggs joined

1665-418: The opportunity to play his first paid musical gig, joining at a square dance with Shultz playing fiddle and Monroe on guitar. Though he was not recorded, his blues playing made a powerful influence. Bill Monroe, who was formative in the development of bluegrass music , has openly cited Shultz as an influence on his playing. Bill recalled that “him and two other colored men come there to Rosine to play for

1710-515: The portion of Indiana State Road 135 running from Morgantown through to Nashville, Indiana was dedicated to Bill Monroe and is known as the Bill Monroe Memorial Highway. [REDACTED] Quotations related to Bill Monroe at Wikiquote †Honorary former member; was scheduled to be invited, but died before the invitation was extended Arnold Shultz Arnold Shultz (1886–1931) was an American fiddler and guitarist who

1755-510: The town in East Texas ), and "My Last Days on Earth"; he settled into a new role as a musical patriarch who continued to influence younger generations of musicians. Monroe recorded two albums of duets in the 1980s; the first featured collaborations with country stars such as Emmylou Harris , Waylon Jennings , and The Oak Ridge Boys , while the second paired him with other prominent bluegrass musicians. A 1989 live album celebrated his 50th year on

1800-409: The youngest of eight children of James Buchanan "Buck" and Malissa (Vandiver) Monroe. His mother and her brother, James Pendleton "Pen" Vandiver , were both musically talented, and Monroe and his family grew up playing and singing at home. Bill was of Scottish and English heritage. Because his older brothers Birch and Charlie already played the fiddle and guitar , Bill was resigned to playing

1845-758: Was Arnold Shultz , an influential fiddler and guitarist who introduced Monroe to the blues . In 1929, Monroe moved to Indiana to work at an oil refinery with his brothers Birch and Charlie. Together with a friend, Larry Moore, they formed the "Monroe Brothers", to play at local dances and house parties. Birch and Moore soon left the group, and Bill and Charlie carried on as a duo, eventually winning spots performing live on radio stations, first in Indiana and then, sponsored by Texas Crystals, on several radio broadcasts in Shenandoah, Iowa , Nebraska , South Carolina and North Carolina from 1934 to 1936. RCA Victor signed

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1890-549: Was especially liked because of his musical ability. “Arnold was always welcome in the best of white homes," says Faught. Shultz would also play guitar for the band and Faught would say "He was the first man I ever heard to play the lead on a guitar." They would often play in a one-room schoolhouse that had been turned into a tavern where illegal alcohol was available. During Prohibition times, he narrowly avoided arrest when running from "five federal prohibition officers." Shultz, along with "Did" Crumpton and "Bud" Walker were found with

1935-491: Was influenced by Monroe. Skaggs was only six years old, in 1960, when he first got to perform on stage with Monroe and his band at the high school in Martha, Kentucky. He stated, "I think Bill Monroe's importance to American music is as important as someone like Robert Johnson was to blues, or Louis Armstrong. He was so influential: I think he's probably the only musician that had a whole style of music named after his band." In 1999,

1980-470: Was released in 2006. Some of their vintage television appearances have been uploaded to YouTube . Singer and saxophone player Dick Dale was briefly a member of the Six Fat Dutchmen, before he became a regular on the long-running American television variety series, The Lawrence Welk Show . In 1990, three years after the death of Harold Loeffelmacher, he and his Six Fat Dutchmen were inducted into

2025-462: Was struck by a drunken driver. Monroe, who had suffered injuries to his back, left arm and nose, was rushed to General Hospital in Nashville. It took him almost four months to recover and resume touring. In the meantime Charlie Cline and Jimmy Martin kept the band together. By the late 1950s, however, Monroe's commercial fortunes had begun to slip. The rise of rock-and-roll and the development of

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