96-578: Sirsa district is the largest district by area in Haryana state, India. Sirsa is the district headquarters. It is located on National Highway 9 and 250 kilometres (160 mi) from the capital Delhi . On 1 September 1975, Sirsa became a district by taking Sirsa and Dabwali tahsils from Hisar District . There are a total of 342 villages in Sirsa district. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Sirsa as one of
192-666: A 1,467-metre (4,813 ft) tall mountain peak in the Sivalik Hills range of the greater Himalayas range located near Morni Hills area of Panchkula district, is the highest point in Haryana. Most of the state sits atop the fertile Ghaggar Plain , a subsection of the Indo-Gangetic Plain . Haryana has 4 states and 2 union territories on its border – Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, and Chandigarh. Haryana has four main geographical features. The Yamuna ,
288-660: A coin of silver, weighing 178 grains (or 11.53 grams), which was also termed the rupiya . During Babur 's time, the brass to silver exchange ratio was roughly 50:2. The silver coin remained in use during the Mughal period , Maratha era as well as in British India . Among the earliest issues of paper rupees include; the Bank of Hindustan (1770–1832), the General Bank of Bengal and Bihar (1773–1775, established by Warren Hastings ), and
384-515: A gold currency. This goal, if it was their goal, the Government of India have never attained. In 1913, John Maynard Keynes writes in his book Indian Currency and Finance that during the financial year 1900–1901, gold coins (sovereigns) worth £6,750,000 were given to the Indian people in the hope that they would circulate as currency. But against the expectation of the Government, not even half of that
480-569: A gold standard should be adopted without delay...they recommended (1) that the British sovereign be given full legal tender power in India, and (2) that the Indian mints be thrown open to its unrestricted coinage (for gold coins only). These recommendations were acceptable to both governments and were shortly afterwards translated into laws. The act making gold a legal tender was promulgated on 15 September 1899, and preparations were soon thereafter undertaken for
576-401: A large area of Haryana state is included in the economically important National Capital Region of India for the purposes of planning and development. Anthropologists came up with the view that Haryana was known by this name because in the post- Mahabharata period, the Ābhiras live here, who developed special skills in the art of agriculture. According to Pran Nath Chopra, Haryana evolved as
672-453: A part of Haryana. However, Kharar was given to Punjab. The city of Chandigarh was made a union territory , serving as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma became the first Chief Minister of Haryana . Chaudhary Devi Lal is credited to be the individual who pushed for the creation of this commission. He was an instrumental figure in the separation of the Haryana state from Punjab in 1966. As per 2019 estimates,
768-486: A part of the National Capital Region . The city of Gurgaon is among India's largest financial and technology hubs. Haryana has 6 administrative divisions , 22 districts , 72 sub-divisions, 93 revenue tehsils , 50 sub-tehsils, 140 community development blocks , 154 cities and towns , 7,356 villages, and 6,222 villages panchayats . Haryana contains 32 special economic zones (SEZs), mainly located within
864-496: A result, a significant number of Muslims left for the newly formed country of Pakistan . Similarly, a huge number of Hindu and Sikh refugees poured into the state from West Punjab . Gopi Chand Bhargava , who hailed from Sirsa in present-day Haryana, became the first Chief Minister of East Punjab. Haryana as a state came into existence on 1 November 1966 the Punjab Reorganisation Act (1966). The Indian government set up
960-497: A single coinage for the EIC was introduced. It consisted of copper 1 ⁄ 12 , 1 ⁄ 4 and 1 ⁄ 2 anna , silver 1 ⁄ 4 , 1 ⁄ 3 and 1 rupee and gold 1 and 2 mohurs. In 1841, silver 2 annas were added, followed by copper 1 ⁄ 2 pice in 1853. The coinage of the EIC continued to be issued until 1862, even after the company had been taken over by
1056-421: A total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 303 inhabitants per square kilometre (780/sq mi). As of the 2011 census, its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.99%, with a sex ratio of 897 females for every 1000 males and a literacy rate of 70.9%. Scheduled Castes make up 29.91% of the population. Languages of Sirsa district (2011) Hindi is the official language of
SECTION 10
#17330859263621152-570: A tributary of the Ganges , flows along the state's eastern boundary. Northern Haryana has several northeast to west flowing rivers originating from the Sivalik Hills of Himalayas , such as Ghaggar ( palaeochannel of vedic Sarasvati river ), Chautang (paleochannel of vedic Drishadvati river , tributary of the Ghagghar), Tangri river (tributary of the Ghagghar), Kaushalya river (tributary of
1248-644: A word from Ābhirāyana (from ābhira and ayana "path, way") to Ahirāyana to Hariyānā (Haryana). The villages of Rakhigarhi in Hisar district and Bhirrana in Fatehabad district are home to ancient sites of the Indus Valley Civilization , which contain evidence of paved roads, a drainage system, a large-scale rainwater collection storage system, terracotta brick and statue production, and skilled metalworking (in both bronze and precious metals). During
1344-588: Is a popular beverage and serves as an instant refresher during the summer months. Lassi, made from yogurt, is another beloved drink that can almost constitute a meal in itself. The Haryanvi fondness for lassi is evident in the fact that "thandai," a sweet milk-based drink, is referred to as "kachi lassi" in Haryana. Haryanvi people have a concept of inclusive society involving the "36 Jātis" or communities. Castes such as Jat , Rajput , Gurjar , Saini , Pasi , Ahirs , Ror , Meo , Charan , Bishnoi , Harijan , Aggarwal , Brahmin , Khatri and Tyagi are some of
1440-404: Is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out after the linguistic reorganisation of Punjab on 1 November 1966. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% (44,212 km or 17,070 sq mi) of India's land area. The state capital is Chandigarh , which it shares with the neighbouring state of Punjab; the most populous city is Faridabad ,
1536-567: Is based on day-to-day themes and injecting earthly humour enlivens the feel of the songs. Haryanvi music takes two main forms: "Classical folk music" and "Desi Folk music" (Country Music of Haryana), and sung in the form of ballads and love, valor and bravery, harvest, happiness and pangs of the parting of lovers. Classical Haryanvi folk music is based on Indian classical music . Hindustani classical ragas , learnt in gharana parampara of guru–shishya tradition , are used to sing songs of heroic bravery (such as Alha-Khand (1163–1202 CE) about
1632-442: Is often referred to as the 'Land of Rotis' due to its residents' fondness for various types of rotis. Wheat rotis are ubiquitous, along with the popular baajre ki roti. In the past, rotis were commonly made from a blend of wheat, gram, and barley flour, offering a nutritious and wholesome combination. Another notable variety is the gochini atta, crafted from wheat and gram flour. Haryana is renowned for its abundant livestock, including
1728-636: Is performed to welcome the birth of a child by worshiping the well or source of drinking water), Sanjhi and Holi festival. Music and dance for Haryanvi people is a way of lessening societal differences as folk singers are highly esteemed and they are sought after and invited for events, ceremonies and special occasions regardless of their caste or status. These inter-caste songs are fluid in nature, and never personalised for any specific caste, and they are sung collectively by women from different strata, castes, and dialects. These songs transform fluidly in dialect, style, words, etc. This adoptive style can be seen in
1824-524: Is rarely seen in circulation. The coins are minted at the four locations of the India Government Mint . The ₹ 1, ₹ 2, and ₹ 5 coins have been minted since independence. The Government of India is set to introduce a new ₹ 20 coin with a dodecagonal shape, and like the ₹ 10 coin, also bi-metallic, along with new designs for the new versions of the ₹ 1, ₹ 2, ₹ 5 and ₹ 10 coins, which was announced on 6 March 2019. The Government of India has
1920-493: Is received during the period from December to February as a result of the western disturbance . Forest cover in the state in 2013 was 3.59% (1586 km ) and the Tree Cover in the state was 2.90% (1282 km ), giving a total forest and tree cover of 6.49%. In 2016–17, 18,412 hectares were brought under tree cover by planting 14.1 million seedlings. Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over
2016-783: Is responsible for the rejuvenation of 14,000 johads of Haryana and up to 60 lakes in National Capital Region falling within the Haryana state. The only hot spring in Haryana is the Sohna Sulphur Hot Spring at Sohna in Gurgaon district. Tosham Hill range has several sacred sulphur ponds of religious significance that are revered for the healing impact of sulphur , such as Pandu Teerth Kund , Surya Kund , Kukkar Kund , Gyarasia Kund or Vyas Kund . Seasonal waterfalls include Tikkar Taal twin lakes at Morni hiills , Dhosi Hill in Mahendragarh district and Pali village on
SECTION 20
#17330859263622112-438: Is rich in history , monuments , heritage , flora and fauna and tourism , with a well-developed economy , national highways and state roads . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, by Rajasthan to the west and south , while river Yamuna forms its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh . Haryana surrounds the country's capital territory of Delhi on three sides (north, west and south), consequently,
2208-453: Is using blockchain distributed-ledger technology . British East India Company (EIC) was given the right in 1717 to mint coins in the name of the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar on the island of Bombay. By 1792 the EIC demonetised all other coins till they were reduced to only 3 types of coins, i.e. EIC, Mughal & Maratha coins. After EIC expanded its control over India, it brought the "Coinage Act of 1835" and started to mint coins in
2304-889: The Aravalli Range in and around the hills in Mewat region, including Sahibi River (called Najafgarh drain in Delhi), Dohan river (tributary of Sahibi, originates at Mandoli village near Neem Ka Thana in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan and then disappears in Mahendragarh district), Krishnavati river (former tributary of Sahibi river, originates near Dariba and disappears in Mahendragarh district much before reaching Sahibi river) and Indori river (longest tributary of Sahibi River, originates in Sikar district of Rajasthan and flows to Rewari district of Haryana), these once were tributaries of
2400-749: The Battle of Delhi , and assumed the ancient title of Vikramaditya . The area that is now Haryana has been ruled by some of the major empires of India. Panipat is known for three seminal battles in the history of India. In the First Battle of Panipat (1526), Babur defeated the Lodis . In the Second Battle of Panipat (1556), Akbar defeated the local Haryanvi Hindu Emperor of Delhi, who belonged to Rewari . Hem Chandra Vikramaditya had earlier won 22 battles across India from 1553 to 1556 from Punjab to Bengal , defeating
2496-1315: The Drishadwati / Saraswati river. Major canals are Western Yamuna Canal , Sutlej Yamuna link canal (from Sutlej river tributary of Indus ), and Indira Gandhi Canal . Major dams are Kaushalya Dam in Panchkula district, Hathnikund Barrage and Tajewala Barrage on Yamuna in Yamunanagar district, Pathrala barrage on Somb river in Yamunanagar district, ancient Anagpur Dam near Surajkund in Faridabad district, and Ottu barrage on Ghaggar-Hakra River in Sirsa district. Major lakes are Dighal Wetland, Basai Wetland , Badkhal Lake in Faridabad, holy Brahma Sarovar and Sannihit Sarovar in Kurukshetra, Blue Bird Lake in Hisar, Damdama Lake at Sohna , Hathni Kund in Yamunanagar district, Karna Lake at Karnal, ancient Surajkund in Faridabad , and Tilyar Lake in Rohtak. The Haryana State Waterbody Management Board
2592-816: The Mughal Empire . The weight remained unchanged well beyond the end of the Mughals until the 20th century. The history of the Indian rupee traces back to ancient India around the 6th century BCE: ancient India was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world, along with the Chinese wen and Lydian staters . Arthashastra , written by Chanakya , Prime minister to the first Maurya emperor Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340–290 BCE), mentions silver coins as rūpyarūpa , other types including gold coins (suvarṇarūpa), copper coins (tamrarūpa) and lead coins (sīsarūpa) are mentioned. Rūpa means 'form' or 'shape'; for example, in
2688-613: The Reserve Bank in terms of the RBI Act . After independence, the Government of India Mint , minted numismatics coins imprinted with Indian statesmen, historical and religious figures. In the years 2010 and 2011, for the first time ever, ₹ 75, ₹ 150 and ₹ 1000 coins were minted in India to commemorate the Platinum Jubilee of the Reserve Bank of India , the 150th birth anniversary of
2784-411: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI). In 1997 the 20 paise coin was discontinued, followed by the 10 paise coin in 1998, and the 25 paise in 2002. Between 2005 and 2008 new, lighter fifty-paise, one-, two-, and five-rupee coins were introduced, made from ferritic stainless steel. The move was prompted by the melting-down of older coins, whose face value was less than their scrap value. The demonetisation of
2880-459: The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 . Pāṇini (6th to 4th century BCE) mentions rūpya ( रूप्य ). While Shankar Goyal mentions it is unclear whether Panini was referring to coinage, other scholars conclude that Panini uses the term rūpa to mean a piece of precious metal (typically silver) used as a coin, and a rūpya to mean a stamped piece of metal, a coin in the modern sense. The Arthashastra , written by Chanakya , prime minister to
2976-566: The Royal Mint in Sydney . In an 1864 attempt to make the British gold sovereign the "imperial coin", the treasuries in Bombay and Calcutta were instructed to receive (but not to issue) gold sovereigns; therefore, these gold sovereigns never left the vaults. As the British government gave up hope of replacing the rupee in India with the pound sterling , it realised for the same reason it could not replace
Sirsa district - Misplaced Pages Continue
3072-549: The Vedic era , Haryana was the site of the Kuru Kingdom , one of India's great Mahajanapadas . The south of Haryana is the claimed location of Manu 's state of Brahmavarta . The area surrounding Dhosi Hill , and districts of Rewari and Mahendragarh had Ashrams of several Rishis who made valuable contributions to important Hindu scriptures like Vedas , Upanishads , Manusmriti , Brahmanas and Puranas . As per Manusmriti, Manu
3168-448: The caste wise composition of Haryana is 25-27% Jats , 21% Scheduled Caste , 8% Punjabis , 7.5% Brahmins , 5.1% Ahir / Yadav , 5% Vaish , 4% Jat Sikhs , 3.8% Meos and other Muslims, 3.4% Rajputs , 3.4% Gujjar , 2.9% Saini , 2.7% Kumhars , 1.1% Ror and 0.7% Bishnois . Languages of Haryana (2011) The official language of Haryana is Hindi . Several regional languages or dialects, often subsumed under Hindi, are spoken in
3264-734: The silver dollar in the Straits Settlements with the Indian rupee (as the British East India Company had desired). Since the silver crisis of 1873 , several nations switched over to a gold exchange standard (wherein silver or banknotes circulate locally but with a fixed gold value for export purposes), including India in the 1890s. In 1870, India was connected to Britain by a submarine telegraph cable. Around 1875, Britain started paying India for exported goods in India Council (paper) Bills (instead of silver). If, therefore,
3360-782: The 125th anniversary of the births of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and B. R. Ambedkar , respectively. The three Presidencies established by the British East India Company ( Bengal , Bombay and Madras ) each issued their own coinages until 1835. All three issued rupees and fractions thereof down to 1 ⁄ 8 - and 1 ⁄ 16 -rupee in silver. Madras also issued two-rupee coins. Copper denominations were more varied. Bengal issued one- pie , 1 ⁄ 2 -, one- and two- paise coins. Bombay issued 1-pie, 1 ⁄ 4 -, 1 ⁄ 2 -, 1-, 1 1 ⁄ 2 -, 2- and 4-paise coins. In Madras, there were copper coins for two and four pies and one, two and four paise, with
3456-815: The 2011 census, of the total population of 25,351,462 in Haryana, Hindus (87.46%) constitute the majority of the state's population with Muslims (7.03%) (mainly Meos ) and Sikhs (4.91%) being the largest minorities. Muslims are mainly found in the Nuh district . Haryana has the second largest Sikh population in India after Punjab , and they mostly live in the districts adjoining Punjab , such as Sirsa , Jind , Fatehabad , Kaithal , Kurukshetra , Ambala and Panchkula . Haryana has its own unique traditional folk music , folk dances , saang (folk theatre), cinema , belief system such as Jathera (ancestral worship), and arts such as Phulkari and Shisha embroidery. Folk music and dances of Haryana are based on satisfying
3552-403: The 25-paise coin and all paise coins below it took place, and a new series of coins (50 paise – nicknamed athanni – one, two, five, and ten rupees with the new rupee sign) were put into circulation in 2011. In 2016 the 50 paise coin was last minted. Coins commonly in circulation are one, two, five, ten, and twenty rupees. Although it is still legal tender, the 50-paise ( athanni ) coin
3648-517: The 7th century with its capital at Thanesar . Harsha was a prominent king of the dynasty. Tomara dynasty ruled the south Haryana region in the 10th century. Anangpal Tomar was a prominent king among the Tomaras. After the sack of Bhatner fort during the Timurid conquests of India in 1398, Timur attacked and sacked the cities of Sirsa , Fatehabad , Sunam , Kaithal and Panipat . When he reached
3744-597: The Bengal Bank (1784–91). –1900) Historically, the rupee was a silver coin . This had severe consequences in the nineteenth century when the strongest economies in the world were on the gold standard (that is, paper linked to gold). The discovery of large quantities of silver in the United States and several European colonies caused the panic of 1873 which resulted in a decline in the value of silver relative to gold, devaluing India's standard currency. This event
3840-471: The Committee of 1898 by Mr. A. M. Lindsay, in proposing a scheme closely similar in principle to that which was eventually adopted, has been largely fulfilled. "This change," he said, "will pass unnoticed, except by the intelligent few, and it is satisfactory to find that by this almost imperceptible process, the Indian currency will be placed on a footing which Ricardo and other great authorities have advocated as
3936-590: The Crown . In 1862, coins were introduced (known as "regal issues") which bore the profile of Queen Victoria and the designation "India". Their denominations were 1 ⁄ 12 anna , 1 ⁄ 2 pice , 1 ⁄ 4 and 1 ⁄ 2 anna (all in copper), 2 annas, 1 ⁄ 4 , 1 ⁄ 2 and one rupee (silver), and five and ten rupees and one mohur (gold). The gold denominations ceased production in 1891, and no 1 ⁄ 2 -anna coins were issued after 1877. In 1906, bronze replaced copper for
Sirsa district - Misplaced Pages Continue
4032-496: The First World War. In the early 1940s, several changes were implemented. The 1 ⁄ 12 anna and 1 ⁄ 2 pice ceased production, the 1 ⁄ 4 anna was changed to a bronze, holed coin , cupro-nickel and nickel-brass 1 ⁄ 2 -anna coins were introduced, nickel-brass was used to produce Mintsomeone- and two-annas coins, and the silver composition was reduced from 91.7 to 50 per cent. The last of
4128-854: The Ghagghar), Markanda River (tributary of Ghagghar), Sarsuti , Dangri , Somb river . Haryana's main seasonal river, the Ghaggar-Hakra, known as Ghaggar before the Ottu barrage and as the Hakra downstream of the barrage, rises in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and the Satluj and enters the state near Pinjore in the Panchkula district , passes through Ambala and Sirsa , it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs for 460 km (290 mi) before disappearing into
4224-461: The Government as to have precipitated an internal crisis, which would have been fatal to British success in the war. From 1931 to 1941, the United Kingdom purchased large amounts of gold from India and its many other colonies just by increasing price of gold, as Britain was able to pay in printable paper currency. Similarly, on 19 June 1934, Roosevelt made Silver Purchase Act (which increased
4320-678: The Haryana Forest Department of the Government of Haryana. Sultanpur National Park is a notable Park located in Gurgaon District Indian rupee The Indian rupee ( symbol : ₹ ; code : INR ) is the official currency in India . The rupee is subdivided into 100 paise ( Hindi plural; singular: paisa ). The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India . The Reserve Bank manages currency in India and derives its role in currency management based on
4416-503: The India Council in London should not step in to sell bills on India, the merchants and bankers would have to send silver to make good the (trade) balances. Thus a channel for the outflow of silver was stopped, in 1875, by the India Council in London. The great importance of these (Council) Bills, however, is the effect they have on the Market Price of Silver: and they have in fact been one of
4512-626: The Indian rupee replaced the Danish Indian rupee in 1845, the French Indian rupee in 1954 and the Portuguese Indian escudo in 1961. Following the independence of India in 1947 and the accession of the princely states to the new Union , the Indian rupee replaced all the currencies of the previously autonomous states (although the Hyderabadi rupee was not demonetised until 1959). Some of
4608-681: The Mughals and Afghans. Hemu had defeated Akbar's forces twice at Agra and the Battle of Delhi in 1556 to become the last Hindu Emperor of India with a formal coronation at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556. In the Third Battle of Panipat (1761), the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas . The state was part of the British Punjab province . The Delhi division of Punjab province formed
4704-537: The Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice JC Shah on 23 April 1966 to divide the existing state of Punjab and determine the boundaries of the new state of Haryana after consideration of the languages spoken by the people. It encompassed the predominantly Hindi-speaking southern part of former Punjab, while the state of Punjab was reduced to the area where Punjabi speakers formed the majority population. The commission delivered its report on 31 May 1966 whereby
4800-508: The adoption of tunes of Bollywood movie songs into Haryanvi songs. Despite this continuous fluid transforming nature, Haryanvi songs have a distinct style of their own as explained above. With the coming up of a strongly socio-economic metropolitan culture in the emergence of urban Gurgaon Haryana is also witnessing community participation in public arts and city beautification. Several landmarks across Gurgaon are decorated with public murals and graffiti with cultural cohesive ideologies and stand
4896-424: The best of all currency systems, viz., one in which the currency media used in the internal circulation are confined to notes and cheap token coins, which are made to act precisely as if they were bits of gold by being made convertible into gold for foreign payment purposes. The committee concurred in the opinion of the Indian government that the mints should remain closed to the unrestricted coinage of silver and that
SECTION 50
#17330859263624992-472: The birth of Rabindranath Tagore and 1000 years of the Brihadeeswarar Temple , respectively. In 2012, a ₹ 60 piececoins was also issued to commemorate 60 years of the Government of India Mint, Kolkata. ₹ 100 coin was also released commemorating the 100th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi 's return to India. Commemorative coins of ₹ 125 were released on 4 September 2015 and 6 December 2015 to honour
5088-901: The bravery of Alha and Udal , Jaimal and Patta of Maharana Udai Singh II ), Brahmas worship and festive seasonal songs (such as Teej , Holi and Phaag songs of Phalgun month near Holi ). Bravery songs are sung in high pitch. Desi Haryanvi folk music, is a form of Haryanvi music, based on Raag Bhairvi , Raag Bhairav , Raag Kafi , Raag Jaijaivanti , Raag Jhinjhoti and Raag Pahadi and used for celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal songs, ballads , ceremonial songs (wedding, etc.) and related religious legendary tales such as Puran Bhagat . Relationship and songs celebrating love and life are sung in medium pitch. Ceremonial and religious songs are sung in low pitch. Young girls and women usually sing entertaining and fast seasonal, love, relationship and friendship-related songs such as Phagan (song for eponymous season/month), Katak (songs for
5184-615: The bulk of Haryana. Among the princely states that were located in the state were Jind , Kalsia , Loharu , Dujana and Pataudi , as well as parts of the Patiala State . During the Partition of India , the Punjab province was one of two British Indian provinces, alongside Bengal, to be partitioned between India and Pakistan. Haryana, along with other Hindu and Sikh-dominated areas of Punjab province, became part of India as East Punjab state. As
5280-406: The coinage of gold sovereigns in the mint at Bombay. Silver, therefore, has ceased to serve as, and standard; and the Indian currency system of to-day (that is 1901) may be described as that of a "limping" gold standard similar to the systems of France, Germany, and Holland, and the United States. The Committee of 1898 explicitly declared themselves to be in favour of the eventual establishment of
5376-529: The country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640 ). It is one of the two districts in Haryana that used to receive funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). According to the 2011 census Sirsa district has a population of 1,295,189, roughly equal to the nation of Mauritius or the US state of New Hampshire . This gives it a ranking of 378th in India (out of
5472-915: The cultural needs of primarily agrarian and martial natures of Haryanavi tribes. Haryanvi musical folk theatre's main types are Saang , Raslila and Ragini . The Saang and Ragini form of theatre was popularised by Lakhmi Chand . Haryanvi folk dances and music have fast energetic movements. Three popular categories of dance are festive-seasonal, devotional, and ceremonial-recreational. The festive-seasonal dances and songs are Gogaji / Gugga , Holi , Phaag , Sawan , Teej . The devotional dances and songs are Chaupaiya , Holi , Manjira , Ras Leela , Raginis ). The ceremonial-recreational dances and songs are of following types: legendary bravery ( Kissa and Ragini of male warriors and female Satis), love and romance ( Been and its variant Nāginī dance, and Ragini ), ceremonial ( Dhamal Dance , Ghoomar , Jhoomar (male), Khoria, Loor, and Ragini ). Haryanvi folk music
5568-536: The currency of India through the British Raj and beyond. In 1835, British India adopted a mono-metallic silver standard based on the rupee coin; this decision was influenced by a letter written by Lord Liverpool in 1805 extolling the virtues of mono-metallism. Following the First War of Independence in 1857, the British government took direct control of India. From 1851, gold sovereigns were produced en masse at
5664-465: The deserts of Rajasthan. The seasonal Markanda River , known as the Aruna in ancient times, originates from the lower Shivalik Hills and enters Haryana west of Ambala , and swells into a raging torrent during monsoon is notorious for its devastating power, carries its surplus water on to the Sanisa Lake where the Markanda joins the Sarasuti and later the Ghaggar. Southern Haryana has several south-west to east flowing seasonal rivulets originating from
5760-431: The district with its Bagri and Haryanvi languages which are spoken by majority of the population. Punjabi is the additional official language. List of films , Chandrawal , Jagat Jakhar ) 29°32′24″N 75°01′48″E / 29.54000°N 75.03000°E / 29.54000; 75.03000 Haryana Haryana ( / h ʌr i ˈ ɑː n ə / ; Hindi: [ɦəɾɪˈjɑːɳɑː] ; ISO : Hariyāṇā )
5856-472: The eponymous season/month), Samman (songs for the eponymous season/month), bande-bandi (male-female duet songs), sathne (songs of sharing heartfelt feelings among female friends). Older women usually sing devotional Mangal Geet (auspicious songs) and ceremonial songs such as Bhajan , Bhat (wedding gift to the mother of bride or groom by her brother), Sagai , Ban (Hindu wedding ritual where pre-wedding festivities starts), Kuan-Poojan (a custom that
SECTION 60
#17330859263625952-541: The famed Murrah buffalo and the Haryana cow. This cattle wealth ensures a plentiful supply of milk and dairy products in Haryanvi cuisine. Many households produce their own butter and ghee, which are generously incorporated into daily meals. Fresh homemade butter, known as "nooni" or "tindi ghee," is commonly churned on a daily basis. When a girl becomes a mother, it's customary for her family to present her with gifts of ghee, edible gum (gondh), laddus (sweetmeats made from gram flour), and dry fruits. Buttermilk, known as "chaaj,"
6048-492: The first Maurya emperor Chandragupta Maurya ( c. 340–290 BCE ), mentions silver coins as rūpyarūpa . Other types of coins, including gold coins ( suvarṇarūpa ), copper coins ( tāmrarūpa ), and lead coins ( sīsarūpa ), are also mentioned. The immediate precursor of the rupee is the rūpiya —the silver coin weighing 178 grains minted in northern India, first by Sher Shah Suri during his brief rule between 1540 and 1545, and later adopted and standardized by
6144-459: The first two denominated as 1 ⁄ 2 and one dub (or 1 ⁄ 96 and 1 ⁄ 48 ) rupee. Madras also issued the Madras fanam until 1815. All three Presidencies issued gold mohurs and fractions of mohurs including 1 ⁄ 16 , 1 ⁄ 2 , 1 ⁄ 4 in Bengal, 1 ⁄ 15 (a gold rupee) and 1 ⁄ 3 (pancia) in Bombay and 1 ⁄ 4 , 1 ⁄ 3 and 1 ⁄ 2 in Madras. In 1835,
6240-504: The following year, both the quantity and the price rose further: net exports totalled 8.4 million ounces, valued at INR 65.52 crore. In the ten years ended March 1941, total net exports were of the order of 43 million ounces (1337.3 tons) valued at about INR 375 crore, or an average price of INR 32-12-4 per tola. In the autumn of 1917 (when the silver price rose to 55 pence ), there was danger of uprisings in India (against paper currency) which would handicap seriously British participation in
6336-409: The gold that was sold. However, the price of gold in India, on the basis of the official exchange rate of the rupee around 1 s. 6 d ., was lower than the price prevailing abroad practically throughout ; the disparity in prices made the export of the metal profitable; and this continued for almost a decade. Thus, in 1931–32, there were net exports of 7.7 million ounces , valued at INR 57.98 crore . In
6432-482: The industrial corridor projects connecting the National Capital Region. Gurgaon is considered one of the major information technology and automobile hubs of India. Haryana ranks 11th among Indian states in human development index . The economy of Haryana is the 13th largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹ 7.65 trillion (US$ 92 billion) and has the country's 5th-highest GSDP per capita of ₹ 240,000 (US$ 2,900). The state
6528-414: The lowest three denominations; in 1907, a cupro-nickel one-anna coin was introduced. In 1918–1919 cupro-nickel two-, four- and eight-annas were introduced, although the four- and eight-annas coins were only issued until 1921 and did not replace their silver equivalents. In 1918, the Bombay mint also struck gold sovereigns and 15-rupee coins identical in size to the sovereigns as an emergency measure during
6624-443: The more convenient forced loans of paper money۔ The Indian Currency Committee or Fowler Committee was a government committee appointed by the British-run Government of India on 29 April 1898 to examine the currency situation in India. They collected a wide range of testimony, examined as many as forty-nine witnesses, and only reported their conclusions in July 1899, after more than a year's deliberation. The prophecy made before
6720-572: The most potent factors in recent years in causing the diminution in the Value of Silver as compared to Gold. The Indian and Chinese products for which silver is paid were and are, since 1873–74, very low in price, and it therefore takes less silver to purchase a larger quantity of Eastern commodities. Now, on taking the several agents into united consideration, it will certainly not seem very mysterious why silver should not only have fallen in price The great nations had recourse to two expedients for replenishing their exchequers, – first, loans, and, second,
6816-637: The name of the British king. EIC rule was replaced by British Crown raj which brought the "Paper Currency Act of 1861" and the "Uniform Coinage Act of 1906". After 2021, the government of independent India amended "The Coinage Act, 2011", the " Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999," the " Information Technology Act, 2000 " and the "Crypto-currency and Regulation of Official Digital Currency Bill, 2021". India's first coins after independence were issued in 1950 in denominations of 1 pice , 1 ⁄ 2 , one and two annas, 1 ⁄ 4 , 1 ⁄ 2 and one-rupee . The sizes and composition were
6912-473: The notable of these 36 Jātis. Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude. The total geographical area of the state is 4.42 m ha, which is 1.4% of the geographical area of the country. The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 and 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level. Haryana has only 4% (compared with national 21.85%) area under forests. Karoh Peak ,
7008-477: The only right to mint the coins and one rupee note. The responsibility for coinage comes under the Coinage Act, 1906 which is amended from time to time. The designing and minting of coins in various denominations is also the responsibility of the Government of India. Coins are minted at the four India Government Mints at Mumbai , Kolkata , Hyderabad , and Noida . The coins are issued for circulation only through
7104-400: The outskirts of Faridabad. Haryana is hot in summer at around 45 °C (113 °F) and mild in winter. The hottest months are May and June and the coldest are December and January. The climate is arid to semi-arid with an average rainfall of 592.93 mm. Around 29% of rainfall is received during the months from July to September as a result of the monsoon , and the remaining rainfall
7200-435: The price of silver) and purchased about 44,000 tons of silver, paying with paper silver certificates . In 1939, Dickson H. Leavens wrote in his book Silver Money : "In recent years the increased price of gold, measured in depreciated paper currencies, has attracted to the market (of London) large quantities (of gold) formerly hoarded or held in the form of ornaments in India and China". In their respective former colonies,
7296-475: The same as the final regal issues, except for the one-piece (which was bronze, but not holed). The first decimal-coin issues in India consisted of 1 , 2 , 5 , 10, 25 and 50 naye paise , and 1 rupee . The 1 naya paisa was bronze; the 2, 5, and 10 naye paise were cupro-nickel, and the 25 naye paise (nicknamed chawanni ; 25 naye paise equals 4 annas ), 50 naye paise (also called athanni ; 50 naye paise equalled 8 old annas) and 1-rupee were nickel. In 1964,
7392-410: The second official language of Haryana for government and administrative purposes in 2010. After the state's formation, Telugu was made the state's "second language" – to be taught in schools – but it was not the "second official language" for official communication. Due to a lack of students, the language ultimately stopped being taught. Tamil was made the second language in 1969 by Bansi Lal to show
7488-591: The state's differences with Punjab although there were no Tamil speakers in Haryana at the time. In 2010, due to the lack of Tamil speakers, the language was removed from its status. There are also some speakers of several major regional languages of neighbouring states or other parts of the subcontinent, like Bengali , Bhojpuri , Marwari , Mewari , and Nepali , as well as smaller communities of speakers of languages that are dispersed across larger regions, like Bauria , Bazigar , Gujari , Gade Lohar , Oadki , and Sansi . Religion in Haryana (2011) According to
7584-541: The state. During the monsoon , a carpet of grass covers the hills. Mulberry , eucalyptus , pine, kikar, shisham and babul are some of the trees found here. The species of fauna found in the state of Haryana include black buck , nilgai , panther , fox , mongoose , jackal and wild dog. More than 450 species of birds are found here. Haryana has two national parks, eight wildlife sanctuaries, two wildlife conservation areas, four animal and bird breeding centers, one deer park and three zoos, all of which are managed by
7680-453: The state. Predominant among them is Haryanvi (also known as Bangru), whose territory encompasses the central and eastern portions of Haryana. Hindi and Punjabi is spoken in the northeast, Bagri in the west, Deshwali in the East and Ahirwati , Mewati and Braj Bhasha in the south. There are also significant numbers of speakers of Urdu and Punjabi , the latter of which was recognised as
7776-552: The states had issued rupees equal to those issued by the British (such as the Travancore rupee ). Other currencies (including the Hyderabadi rupee and the Kutch kori ) had different values. The values of the subdivisions of the rupee during British rule (and in the first decade of independence) were: In 2010, a new rupee sign ( ₹ ) was officially adopted. As its designer explained, it
7872-537: The symbols for multiple rupees and one rupee, respectively, and these symbols are still used in situations where the official symbol is unavailable. The Digital Rupee (e₹) or eINR or E-Rupee is a tokenised digital version of the Indian Rupee , issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as a central bank digital currency (CBDC). The Digital Rupee was proposed in January 2017 and launched on 1 December 2022. Digital Rupee
7968-414: The testimony of a lived sentiment in Haryana folk. As per a survey, 13% of males and 7.8% of females of Haryana are non-vegetarian. The cuisine of Haryana, rooted in its predominantly agricultural society, has maintained a simple and uncomplicated essence. The regional cuisine features the staples of roti , saag , vegetarian sabzi and milk products such as ghee , milk, lassi and kheer . Haryana
8064-504: The then Chancellor of the Exchequer (finance minister) of the United Kingdom, Winston Churchill , restored it to pre-war levels. As a result, the price of gold fell rapidly. While the rest of Europe purchased large quantities of gold from the United Kingdom, there was little increase in her gold reserves. This dealt a blow to an already deteriorating British economy. The United Kingdom began to look to its possessions as India to compensate for
8160-449: The then-districts of Hisar , Mahendragarh , Gurgaon , Rohtak and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the tehsils of Jind and Narwana in the Sangrur district – along with Naraingarh , Ambala and Jagadhri – were to be included. The commission recommended that the tehsil of Kharar , which includes Chandigarh , the state capital of Punjab, should be
8256-404: The town of Sarsuti (Sirsa), the residents fled and were chased by a detachment of Timur's troops, with thousands of them being killed and looted by the troops. From there he travelled to Fatehabad, whose residents fled and a large number of those remaining in the town were massacred. The Ahirs resisted him at Ahruni but were defeated, with thousands being killed and many being taken prisoners while
8352-581: The town was burnt to ashes. From there he travelled to Tohana , whose Jat inhabitants were robbers according to Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi . They tried to resist but were defeated and fled. Timur's army pursued and killed 200 Jats , while taking many more as prisoners. He then sent a detachment to chase the fleeing Jats and killed 2,000 of them while their wives and children were enslaved and their property plundered. Timur proceeded to Kaithal whose residents were massacred and plundered, destroying all villages along
8448-413: The war. Inconvertibility (of paper currency into coin) would lead to a run on Post Office Savings Banks . It would prevent the further expansion of (paper currency) note issues and cause a rise of prices, in paper currency, that would greatly increase the cost of obtaining war supplies for export; to have reduced the silver content of this historic [rupee] coin might well have caused such popular distrust of
8544-446: The way. On the next day, he came to Assandh , whose residents were " fire-worshippers " according to Yazdi, and had fled to Delhi. Next, he travelled to and subdued Tughlaqpur fort and Salwan before reaching Panipat whose residents had already fled. He then marched on to Loni fort. Hem Chandra Vikramaditya , also called Hemu , claimed royal status and the throne of Delhi after defeating Akbar's Mughal forces on 7 October 1556 in
8640-559: The word rūpyarūpa : rūpya 'wrought silver' and rūpa 'form'. The Gupta Empire produced large numbers of silver coins clearly influenced by those of the earlier Western Satraps by Chandragupta II . The silver Rūpaka ( Sanskrit : रूपक ) coins were weighed approximately 20 rattis (2.2678g). In the intermediate times there was no fixed monetary system as reported by the Da Tang Xi Yu Ji . During his five-year rule from 1540 to 1545, Sultan Sher Shah Suri issued
8736-586: The words naya / naye were removed from all coins. Between 1957 and 1967, aluminium one -, two -, three -, five - and ten-paise coins were introduced. In 1968 nickel-brass 20-paise coins were introduced, and replaced by aluminium coins in 1982. Between 1972 and 1975, cupro-nickel replaced nickel in the 25- and 50-paise and the 1-rupee coins; in 1982, cupro-nickel two-rupee coins were introduced. In 1988 stainless steel 10-, 25- and 50-paise coins were introduced, followed by 1- and 5-rupee coins in 1992. Five-rupee coins, made from brass , are being minted by
8832-510: Was banned and the Japanese rupee (1942–44) was introduced. At the onset of the First World War , the cost of gold was very low and therefore the pound sterling had high value. But during the war, the value of the pound fell alarmingly due to rising war expenses. At the end of the war, the value of the pound was only a fraction of what it had been before the war. It remained low until 1925, when
8928-585: Was derived from the combination of the Devanagari consonant " र " ( ra ) and the Latin capital letter "R" without its vertical bar. The parallel lines at the top (with white space between them) are said to make an allusion to the flag of India , and also depict an equality sign that symbolises the nation's desire to reduce economic disparity . The first series of coins with the new rupee sign started in circulation on 8 July 2011. Before this, India used " ₨ " and "Re" as
9024-562: Was known as "the fall of the rupee". In Britain War, the Long Depression resulted in bankruptcies, escalating unemployment, a halt in public works, and a major trade slump that lasted until 1897. India was unaffected by the imperial order-in-council of 1825, which attempted to introduce British sterling coinage to the British colonies. India, at that time, was controlled by the British East India Company . The silver rupee coin continued as
9120-471: Was returned to accounts. As this experiment failed spectacularly, the government abandoned the practice but did not abandon the narrative of the gold standard. Subsequently, much of the gold held by the Government of India was shipped to the Bank of England in 1901 and held there. During World War II , Colonial British control over parts of Nagaland was lost to Japanese forces , the British Indian rupee
9216-705: Was the king of Brahmavarta , the flood time state 10,000 years ago surrounded by oldest route of Sarasvati and Drishadwati rivers on the banks of which Sanatan-Vedic or present-day Hindu ethos evolved and scriptures were composed. Ancient bronze and stone idols of Jain Tirthankara were found in archaeological expeditions in Badli , Bhiwani ( Ranila , Charkhi Dadri and Badhra ), Dadri , Gurgaon ( Gurugram ), Hansi , Hisar , Kasan, Nahad, Narnaul , Pehowa , Rewari , Rohad, Rohtak ( Asthal Bohar ) and Sonepat in Haryana. Pushyabhuti dynasty ruled parts of northern India in
#361638