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48-674: The Tupper building is one of the five original facilities making up the Confederation Heights development completed from the late 1950s into the 1960s, in accordance with the Greber Plan to decentralize Federal government functions. Built in International Style on a large sloping site at Confederation Heights, the Tupper building consists of five thin, interlocking rectangular blocks, four/five stories tall, laid out at right angles in

96-713: A Cray X-MP/11 (modified) supercomputer delivered to the Sir Leonard Tilley building in March 1985 and the hiring of code breaking analysts. It was, at the time, the most powerful computer in Canada. In the early 1990s, the Establishment purchased a Floating Point Systems FPS 522-EA supercomputer at a cost of $ 1,620,371. This machine was upgraded to a Cray S-MP superserver after Cray acquired Floating Point Systems in December 1991 and used

144-588: A branch of the National Research Council . It was the first civilian office in Canada solely dedicated to decryption of communications signals; until then, SIGINT was entirely within the purview of the Canadian military , and mostly limited to intercepts . In March 1942, XU moved next door to Laurier House in Sandy Hill, Ottawa ; this location was chosen because they felt it would draw no suspicion to

192-587: A geometric, stair-like arrangement. While the internal arrangements of the building have changed over time, its outside appearance has remained the same. In recognition of its architectural importance, the Sir Charles Tupper building was added to the Canadian Register of Historic Places in 2007. This Canadian government –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Confederation Heights Confederation Heights

240-604: A logo to identify its products and publications. The triangle represented threats, while the arc symbolized protection. Unique within Canada's security and intelligence community, the Communications Security Establishment employs code-makers and code-breakers ( cryptanalysis ) to provide the Government of Canada with information technology security (IT Security) and foreign signals intelligence services. CSE also provides technical and operational assistance to

288-412: A much broader range of client departments. While these continue to be key intelligence priorities for Government of Canada decision-makers, increasing focus on protecting the safety of Canadians is prompting greater interest in intelligence on transnational issues, including terrorism . CSE code breaking capabilities degraded substantially in the 1960s and 1970s but were upgraded with the acquisition of

336-535: A unit under the Communications Security Establishment (CSE), the agency is Canada's computer emergency response team (CSIRT) and the Canadian government's computer Incident response team (CIRT). Officially created on 1 October 2018, CCCS consolidated the existing operational cyber-security units of several federal government organizations, including Public Safety Canada 's Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre, Shared Services Canada 's Security Operations Centre, and

384-605: Is a research institute programme of the Government of Canada responsible for conducting classified research in the areas of cryptology and knowledge discovery to support the Canadian Cryptologic Program and its Five-Eyes international partners. Though officially founded in 2009, TIMC officially opened and formally named in September 2011. Named after cryptanalyst and mathematician William T. Tutte , TIMC

432-705: Is an area in south Ottawa , Canada , made up of mostly government buildings. It is bounded on the east by Data Centre Road , on the north and west by the Rideau River and on the south by Brookfield Road . Confederation Heights includes the Clarke Memorial Centre ( RA Centre ), the Taxation Data Centre ( Canada Revenue Agency ), the Edward Drake Building (formerly Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and Communications Security Establishment ),

480-706: Is based within CSE's Edward Drake Building in Ottawa . Sponsored and funded by the Communications Security Establishment, the institute is partnered with Institutes for Defence Analyses , CCR Princeton, CCR La Jolla, CCS Bowie, the Heilbronn Institute for Mathematical Research , Carleton University , and the University of Calgary and is working to create partnerships with other research institutes, government agencies and universities. Researchers Leland McInnes and John Healy at

528-448: Is possible that some of these models have been used by the CSE and are in use today. The Canadian Centre for Cyber Security ( CCCS or Cyber Centre ; French : Centre Canadien pour la Cyber Sécurité ) is the Government of Canada authority responsible for monitoring threats , protecting national critical infrastructure against cyber incidents, and coordinating the national response to any incidents related to cyber security . As

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576-679: The Avoiding Complicity in Mistreatment by Foreign Entities Act . In December 2001, the Canadian government passed omnibus bill C-36 into law as the Anti-Terrorism Act . The Act amended portions of the National Defence Act and officially recognized CSE's three-part mandate: The Anti-Terrorism Act also strengthened CSE's capacity to engage in the war on terrorism by providing needed authorities to fulfill its mandate. In

624-603: The National Security Act 2017 . Coming into force two months later, in August, the act set out the mandate and powers of CSE. As part of the omnibus bill, oversight of CSE activities was assumed by the newly created National Security and Intelligence Review Agency (NSIRA). On October 11, 2023, CSE Chief Caroline Xavier said in an interview with CBC News that CSE offices in various cities may be opened to alleviate staffing shortages. CSE uses generic identifiers imposed by

672-405: The National Security Act 2017 . The Act, which came into force two months after passing, notes that there are five aspects of CSE's mandate: The CSE Act requires that CSE activities do not target Canadians anywhere in the world, or any person in Canada, "unless there are reasons to believe that there is an imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm. The Act also requires the CSE protect

720-653: The Cold War , the CBNRC was primarily responsible for providing SIGINT data to the Department of National Defence regarding the military operations of the Soviet Union . In February 1950, R. S. McLaren was appointed the first CBNRC Senior Liaison Officer (CBSLO) to Washington, D.C. In March 1962: CBNRC installed its first IBM supercomputer , costing CA$ 372k. In December 1964, CBNRC began collaboration on "Canadian ALVIS" (CID 610),

768-507: The Communications Security Establishment Canada ( CSEC ), is the Government of Canada 's national cryptologic agency. It is responsible for foreign signals intelligence (SIGINT) and communications security (COMSEC), protecting federal government electronic information and communication networks , and is the technical authority for cyber security and information assurance . Formally administered under

816-719: The Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development move to Confederation Heights, but this never occurred. The development of offices also drove the development of neighbourhoods and infrastructure (e.g.: Brookfield HS , opened 1962; General Vanier PS , opened 1963) in nearby Billings Bridge , Riverside Park , and Carleton Heights . 45°22′40″N 75°41′15″W  /  45.37778°N 75.68750°W  / 45.37778; -75.68750 Communications Security Establishment The Communications Security Establishment ( CSE ; French : Centre de la sécurité des télécommunications , CST ), formerly (from 2008-2014) called

864-618: The Department of National Defence (DND), the CSE is now a separate agency under the National Defence portfolio. The CSE is accountable to the Minister of National Defence through its deputy head, the Chief of CSE. The National Defence Minister is in turn accountable to the Cabinet and Parliament . The current Chief of the CSE is Caroline Xavier , who assumed the office on 31 August 2022. In 2015,

912-583: The Federal Identity Program . However, CSE is one of several federal departments and agencies (primarily those having law enforcement, security or regulatory functions) that have been granted a badge by the Canadian Heraldic Authority . The badge was granted in 1994, while CSE's pennant was first raised in 1996 to mark the organization's 50th anniversary. From the 1990s to the mid 2000s, CSE's Information Technology Security program used

960-547: The House of Common and an admission by the Canadian government that the organization existed. In 1975, the CBNRC was transferred to the Department of National Defence (DND) by an Order in Council , and became the Communications Security Establishment. CSE was now publicly known, and had diversified since the Cold War becoming the primary SIGINT resource in Canada. In 1988, CSE created

1008-676: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police and federal law enforcement and security agencies, including the Canada Border Services Agency and the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority . CSE relies on its closest foreign intelligence allies, the US, UK, Australia and New Zealand to share the collection burden and the resulting intelligence yield. Canada is a substantial beneficiary and participant of

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1056-650: The Sir Leonard Tilley Building (formerly Communications Security Establishment ), Canada Post Place ( Canada Post headquarters), the Sir Charles Tupper Building ( Public Works Canada ), Hog's Back Park , Vincent Massey Park and Mooney's Bay station . Prior to the expropriation of the Merkley Brick Yard in 1954, the area had been a combination of woods, farmland, quarry and brickyard. The arrival of Federal government departments in

1104-552: The privacy of Canadians and persons in Canada. As such, CSE is forbidden, by law, to intercept domestic communications. When intercepting communications between a domestic and foreign source, the domestic communications are destroyed or otherwise ignored. (After the September 11 attacks on the United States in 2001, however, CSE's powers expanded to allow the interception of foreign communications that begin or end in Canada, as long as

1152-567: The 2007 Proceedings of the Canadian Senate Standing Committee on National Security and Defence , then-CSE Chief John Adams indicated that the CSE is collecting communications data when he suggested that the legislation was not perfect in regard to interception of information relating to the "envelope." In June 2019, the Communications Security Establishment Act ( CSE Act ) was passed, as part of

1200-454: The CSE's Information Technology Security branch. Formerly known as communications security (COMSEC), the CSE's Information Technology Security branch grew out of a need to protect sensitive information transmitted by various agencies of the government, especially the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), DND, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). The Cyber Centre

1248-594: The Canadian System Security Centre to establish a Canadian computer security standard among other goals. This led to the publication of the Canadian Trusted Computer Product Evaluation Criteria . Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, Canada's Anti-terrorism Act ( ATA ) was ratified, receiving royal assent on 18 December 2001. It amended the National Defence Act to formally acknowledge and mandate

1296-715: The Folklore Operating System supplied by the NSA in the US. These machines are now retired. Little information is available on the types of computers used by the CSE since then. However, Cray in the US has produced a number of improved supercomputers since then. These include the Cray SX-6, early 2000s, the Cray X1 , 2003 (development funded in part by the NSA), Cray XD1 , 2004, Cray XT3, Cray XT4 , 2006, Cray XMt, 2006 and Cray CX1, 2008. It

1344-581: The Post Office Department to Commemorate the Centennial of Confederation July 26, 1967". The fountains and sundial have since disappeared. The Sir Alexander Campbell Building has since been torn down. It was replaced by a new Canada Post headquarters building located in Confederation Heights at the corner of Riverside Drive and Heron Road. The Sir Charles Tupper Building, which serves as

1392-460: The RCCS in 1941 and located just south of Ottawa. In 1946, the station's complement was 75 personnel (compared to its around 2,000 employees in 2013–2014). This unit successfully decrypted , translated, and analyzed these foreign signals, and turned that raw information into useful intelligence reports during the course of the war. CBNRC finally began domestic COMSEC efforts on 1 January 1947. During

1440-606: The Sir Alexander Campbell Building, the new headquarters building of the Department of the Post Office . The building, designed by architects Shore and Moffat was one of three which anchored the site. A plaza, with fountains and benches, spread between the self-standing cafeteria building and the Sir Alexander Campbell Building. To commemorate Canada's Centennial, a sundial was installed on the plaza. The plaque attached to its base read "Erected by Headquarters Staff of

1488-593: The Tilley Building in June 1961. On 26 February 2015, CSE officially inaugurated the Edward Drake Building, named for Lt. Colonel Edward Drake, a pioneer of the Canadian signals intelligence . With the rapid expansion in the number of CSE personnel since the 9/11 attack in the US, the CSE has built new facilities. A new CA$ 1.2 billion facility, encompassing 72,000 square metres (18 acres), has been built in

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1536-515: The Tutte Institute developed a technique called Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), originally designed to analyze malware . The algorithm and software of UMAP has since been released by TIMC to the open-source community , and is now being used to answer questions about COVID-19 . CSE occupies several buildings in Ottawa , including the Edward Drake Building and the neighbouring Sir Leonard Tilley Building . CSE moved to

1584-797: The activities of CSE. It also made amendments to the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act , the Criminal Code , and the Official Secrets Act (later the Security of Information Act ). In early 2008, in line with the Federal Identity Program (FIP) of the Government of Canada, which requires all federal agencies to have the word Canada in their name, CSE adopted the applied title Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC; French : Centre de la sécurité des télécommunications Canada , CSTC). Since mid-2014,

1632-478: The agency built a new headquarters and campus encompassing 340,000 m (84 acres). The facility totals a little over 110,000 m (1,200,000 sq ft) and is adjacent to CSIS . CSE originates from Canada's joint military and civilian code-breaking and intelligence efforts during the Second World War . The Examination Unit ( XU ) was established during the Second World War , in June 1941, as

1680-712: The civilian Examination Unit (XU) and the military Joint Discrimination Unit (JDU) and was located at LaSalle Academy . With Edward Drake as its first director, the agency worked with intercepted foreign electronic communications , collected largely from the Royal Canadian Signal Corps (RCCS) station at Rockcliffe Airport in Ottawa. CSE also worked with Canadian Forces Station Leitrim (CFS Leitrim; formerly 1 Special Wireless Station till 1949, and Ottawa Wireless Station till 1966), Canada's oldest operational signal intelligence (SIGINT) collection station, established by

1728-424: The collaborative effort within the partnership to collect and report on foreign communications. During the Cold War , CSE's primary client for signals intelligence was National Defence, and its focus was the military operations of the then Soviet Union . Since the end of the Cold War, Government of Canada requirements have evolved to include a wide variety of political, defence, and security issues of interest to

1776-647: The eastern part of Ottawa, immediately west of the headquarters building for the Canadian Security Intelligence Service . Construction began in early 2011 and was completed in 2015. In addition to those mentioned below, CSE is bound by all other Canadian laws, including the Criminal Code , the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms , the Privacy Act , Security of Information Act , and

1824-525: The enemies. In September, the Department of External Affairs established its Special Intelligence Section at XU with the purpose of reviewing decoded SIGINT with other collateral information to produce intelligence summaries . The original mandate of the Examination Unit was to intercept the communications of Vichy France and Germany . Its mandate later expanded to include interception and decryption of Japanese communications after Japan entered

1872-572: The establishment of peacetime SIGINT operations. In September 1945, U.S. President Harry Truman declared it would be vital to carry out such operations, and Canadian authorities came to the same conclusion in December later that year. On 13 April 1946, a secret Order in Council allowed for postwar continuation of wartime cryptologic efforts and thus the Communications Branch of the National Research Council of Canada (CBNRC)

1920-685: The existing operational cyber-security units of several federal government organizations, including the Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre of Public Safety Canada; the Security Operations Centre of Shared Services Canada; and the Information Technology Security branch of CSE. Prior to opening, in June 2018, Minister Ralph Goodale appointed Scott Jones the head of the new Centre. The Tutte Institute for Mathematics and Computing ( TIMC )

1968-476: The first and only Canadian cipher machine to be mass-produced; based on the British ALVIS ( BID 610 ). CBNRC and the information it gathered and shared was kept secret for 34 years until 9 January 1974, when CBC Television aired a documentary titled The Fifth Estate: The Espionage Establishment . This was the first time that the organization had ever been mentioned in public. This resulted in an outcry in

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2016-692: The headquarters of the Department of Public Works and Government Services, opened in 1960 (Lithwick, Lambert and Sim Architects) It was the second prominent building located in Confederation Heights. The third was the Sir Leonard Tilley Building, which served as the headquarters of the Communications Security Establishment until a new headquarters building was built in the eastern end of Ottawa on Ogilvie Road. Plans to move various other departments to Confederation Heights changed over time. For example, it had been suggested that

2064-651: The late 1950s - early 1960s had a significant impact on the area. In 1959, the Fire Chief of Gloucester Township (the area was incorporated into Ottawa the following year) raised concerns that road traffic caused by the 1400 new workers commuting to Confederation Heights would interfere with the firefighters' ability to respond to fires from their station in Billings Bridge. It was estimated that daily traffic on Riverside Drive west of Bank Street would increase by 3500 cars. In 1961, Prime Minister John Diefenbaker inaugurated

2112-638: The organization has used its legal name (Communications Security Establishment) and initials (CSE) on its website and in public statements. In November 2011, CSE was made an independent agency, though still operating under the National Defence portfolio and constrained by the National Defence Act . In June 2019, the Communications Security Establishment Act was passed as part of an omnibus national security bill called

2160-418: The other party is outside the border and ministerial authorization is issued specifically for this case and purpose.) The Minister of National Defence guides and authorizes the activities of CSE using ministerial directives, ministerial authorizations, and ministerial orders , all of which are based on the "government’s intelligence priorities as set out by Cabinet through discussion and consultations with

2208-516: The war . The unit was estimated to have had 50 staff members at any one time. In total 77 people worked there. By 1945, the disparate SIGINT collection units of the Canadian Navy , Army , and Air Force , were consolidated into the Joint Discrimination Unit (JDU), which was headquartered in Ottawa in the same building as the XU. By the end of the War, the military JDU and the civilian XU were able to coordinate SIGINT collection, analysis, and dissemination so efficiently that it led officials to consider

2256-466: Was developed in response to CSE's consultations with Canadians in 2016 which identified various issues pertaining to cyber security in relation to the federal government, including accountability, departmental coordination, and leadership. In February 2018, the federal budget allocated funds for CSE, in collaboration with Public Safety Canada and Shared Services Canada , to launch the Cyber Centre. Officially created on 1 October 2018, CCCS consolidated

2304-412: Was founded. This agency would be the predecessor to today's Communications Security Establishment (CSE). Beginning operations on 3 September 1946, the Communications Branch of the National Research Council (CBNRC) was the first peace-time cryptologic agency and was kept secret for much of its beginning. The CBNRC was established through a secret Order in Council signed on 13 April 1946, combining

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