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56-726: Simferopol International Airport is an airport located in Simferopol , the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in Southern Ukraine , a territory that was occupied and unilaterally annexed by the Russian Federation in 2014. Since then, Russian-installed authorities administer the peninsula as the Republic of Crimea . Built in 1936, the airport today has one international terminal and one domestic terminal. On 14 May 2015,

112-462: A federal сity . Prior to the seizure of the city by Russia, a mass protest was organised by the city's Crimean Tatars in support of Crimea remaining as part of Ukraine. Simferopol is located in the south-central Crimean Peninsula . The city lies on the Salhir River near the artificial Simferopol Reservoir, which provides the city with clean drinking water. The Simferopol Reservoir's earth dam

168-735: A referendum on 20 January 1991 , the Crimean Oblast was upgraded to an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 12 February 1991 by the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR . Simferopol became the capital of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Simferopol became the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea within newly independent Ukraine . Today,

224-520: A Russian government-owned low-cost airline, was sanctioned by the European Union for operating flights to Simferopol. The airline was forced to close less than two months after it started operations. As of 24 February 2022, all flights are suspended due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine . Trolleybus Route 9 runs from the airport to the Simferopol railway station (and Kurortnaya bus station). In 2015,

280-521: A hospital were stationed in the city. After the war, more than 30,000 Russian soldiers were buried in the city's vicinity. In the 20th century, Simferopol was once again affected by wars and conflicts in the region. At the end of the Russian Civil War , the headquarters of General Pyotr Wrangel , leader of the anti- Bolshevik White Army , were located there. On 13 November 1920, the Red Army captured

336-690: A new direct express route has been launched. 24-hour Transexpress buses and trolleybuses connect the airport with the Simferopol Railway station in the city centre. The route was launched in May 2015 by Crimean Trolleybus , and runs every 10 minutes without stops in both directions. Intercity trolleybus routes 54 and 55 run to the cities of Alushta, Yalta and resorts between them on the Southern Coast of Crimea. Route #55 Simferopol - Yalta, reestablished in April 2014,

392-471: A new, wider mandate was already being considered for Eurocontrol, with much of the initiative coming from ECAC ’s Ministers of Transport. Subsequently, ECAC urged all of its member states to join Eurocontrol. A revised Eurocontrol Convention was signed in 1997, renewing the organisation's optimism for greater political support, surpassing the original vision of the 1960 Convention. In June 1998, Eurocontrol,

448-502: A statement dismissing this ruling as having no official authority. In May 2016, construction began of a new terminal building, with a larger hall on a wave-like structure and 8 gates for flights. The new terminal was opened on 16 April 2018, with the first arrival at 8:30 AM of Nordwind Airlines from Moscow-Sheremetyevo , followed by other flights. The terminal was previously checked by 400 volunteers on 12 April 2018. The current terminal will be for VIP, business passengers and some space

504-463: Is a major area of conflict today with the Tatars requesting the return of lands seized after their deportation. After Russia occupied and formally annexed Crimea on 18 March 2014, Simferopol was named the capital of a new federal subject of the Russian Federation encompassing the majority of the peninsula by decree of Russian president Vladimir Putin , with the exception of Sevastopol , which became

560-539: Is a signatory of Eurocontrol and all EU member states are presently also members of Eurocontrol. The organisation works with national authorities, air navigation service providers , civil and military airspace users, airports , and other organisations. Its activities involve all gate-to-gate air navigation service operations: strategic and tactical flow management, controller training, regional control of airspace, safety-proofed technologies and procedures, and collection of air navigation charges. The Eurocontrol Convention

616-444: Is approximately 21 minutes and typically 80% of the traffic is climbing from or descending to the major European airports of London , Brussels , Paris , Frankfurt , Amsterdam and Berlin . Maastricht UAC has undoubtedly one of the most complex airspace structures in the world and the traffic flow (up to 5,670 aircraft a day) can be disrupted by the many surrounding military airspaces. To be considered for membership of Eurocontrol,

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672-449: Is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea . Since 2014 it has been under the de facto control of Russia, which annexed Crimea that year and regards Simferopol as the capital of the Republic of Crimea . Simferopol is an important political, economic and transport hub of the peninsula, and serves as the administrative centre of both Simferopol Municipality and the surrounding Simferopol District . Its population

728-536: Is going to be converted to the trolleybus and bus terminal. This new terminal is 1 km west from the old terminal, between the main runway and the old one, making the eastern part of the airport useless. Eventually, the old runway (01R/19L) will be rebuilt and, with the runways being spaced >1 km apart, would be capable of parallel runway operations, like at Domodedovo , Berlin or Munich . The new terminal has 8 gates to air-bridges and 8 gates to apron buses, 16 escalators and 28 lifts, 55 check-in counters and

784-552: Is home to a number of industrial plants, including the following: The largest collection of higher education institutions in Crimea is located in Simferopol. Among them is the largest university in Simferopol and Crimea, the Taurida V.Vernadsky National University , which was founded in 1917. Crimea State Medical University named after S. I. Georgievsky , also located in Simferopol, is one of

840-723: Is in Greek , Συμφερόπολις ( Simferopolis ) and literally means "the city of usefulness." The tradition of Greek place names in newly acquired southern territories began with the Greek Plan of Russian Empress Catherine the Great . In 1802, Simferopol became the administrative centre of the Taurida Governorate . During the Crimean War of 1854–1856, the Russian Imperial Army reserves and

896-475: Is known to be the world's longest trolleybus route. The airport is connected with Sevastopol bus station by direct bus route. Simferopol Simferopol ( / ˌ s ɪ m f ə ˈ r oʊ p əl / ), also known as Aqmescit , is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula . The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine , controlled by Russia , and

952-413: Is longer, wider and accommodates heavier aircraft. Following the 2014 Crimean crisis , Russian forces took control of the airport on 28 February 2014. Crimean airspace was closed and air traffic was disrupted for two days. On 11 March, Russian forces took over the control tower and closed Crimean airspace until the end of week. Ukraine International Flight PS65 was denied landing and diverted to Kyiv. With

1008-589: Is the Russian word for "mosque". Archaeological evidence in the Chokurcha cave  [ ru ; uk ] shows the presence of ancient people living in the territory of modern Simferopol. The Scythian Neapolis , known by its Greek name, is also located in the city, which is the remnants of an ancient capital of the Crimean Scythians who lived in the territory from the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD. Later,

1064-551: Is the biggest in Europe. The city experiences a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa ), near the boundary of the humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfa ). The average temperature in January is 0.4  °C (32.7  °F ) and 23 °C (73 °F) in July. The average rainfall is 501 millimetres (19.7 in) per year, and there is a total of 2,529 hours of sunshine per year. As

1120-532: The An-24 was based at the airport. Construction of the second runway, designed for IL-86 , IL-76 , IL-62 , and Tu-154 aircraft, began in 1977. On 19 May 1982, Simferopol airport was the first in Ukrainian SSR to have a wide- IL-86 . In subsequent years, this type of aircraft made an average of 5.6 daily flights to Moscow. In the summer of 1989, the airport was designated as a "western alternate airport" for landing

1176-447: The Buran spacecraft. In the early 2000s, the old runway 01R/19L (length 2700 m, PCN 22/R/B/X/T, accommodating a maximum weight of aircraft of 98 tonnes) was taken out of service because of its insufficient length and strength. Since then, it has been used as taxiway D with a length of 2100 m (the remaining 600 meters are unsuitable for taxiing). The second runway (01/19) is now in operation and

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1232-719: The Crimean Tatars founded the town of Aqmescit. For some time, Aqmescit was the residence of the Qalğa-Sultan , the second most important position in the Crimean Khanate after the Khan himself. The area of the city once known as Aqmescit is today called Old Simferopol . In 1784 modern Ukrainian Simferopol was founded after the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to the Russian Empire by Catherine II of Russia . The name Simferopol

1288-631: The Einsatzkommando 11b , which was under the command of Werner Braune , whose main unit and superior were Einsatzgruppe D and Otto Ohlendorf , respectively, command killed an estimated 14,300 Simferopol residents, mostly Jewish. In April 1944 the Red Army liberated Simferopol. On 18 May 1944 the Crimean Tatar population of the city, along with the whole Crimean Tatar nation of Crimea, was forcibly deported to Central Asia as collective punishment for

1344-593: The European Commission , attempting to create a synergy of Eurocontrol's technical expertise and EU's regulatory authorities. Several initiatives originating in this period become a lasting element of the organisation, such as the Eurocontrol forecasting service, which became STATFOR, as well as the Aeronautical Information Service. By 1986, the pressure on the European ATC network was so big that

1400-699: The European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Commission (EC) also signed an agreement formalising cooperation in the realm of satellite navigation systems and services. In 1999 the European Commission presented its plan for a Single European Sky (SES) to the European Parliament, followed by two high-Level groups (HLG). The HLG reports on SES led to the establishment of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and reinforced

1456-532: The Netherlands and Luxembourg ) agreed in 1964 to set up a single international air traffic control centre to manage their upper airspace, settling in the Dutch city of Maastricht . The European Parliament at the time expressed concern about the lack of clear intergovernmental agreements to ensure common air traffic control services across the continent. In 1979, Eurocontrol signed a working cooperation agreement with

1512-574: The Netherlands , and north-west Germany . In 2017 it became the first multinational, cross-border, civil-military, air navigation service provider since it integrated the military air traffic control of the German and Dutch upper airspace. It is the third busiest upper area area control centre (ACC) in Europe after the London Area Control Centre and Karlsruhe ACC in terms of traffic numbers, but

1568-554: The Ukrainian Cup in 2010. Simferopol is currently twinned with: European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation Although Eurocontrol is not an agency of the European Union , the EU has delegated parts of its Single European Sky regulations to Eurocontrol, making it the central organisation for coordination and planning of air traffic control for all of Europe. The EU itself

1624-537: The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine voted to rename it Amet-khan Sultan International Airport in memory of Amet-khan Sultan , despite that Russia occupied Crimea and controlled the airport since 2014. Another airport named after Amet-khan Sultan is Uytash Airport located in Makhachkala , Dagestan, Russia. However, in 2018, citizens voted for the airport to be named after the painter Ivan Aivazovsky after Amet-khan's name

1680-425: The European Commission's role as the sole European aviation safety regulator, while acknowledging Eurocontrol's technical expertise in the implementation of said regulations. The early 2000s were marred by several fatal accidents in Europe, such as the 2001 2001 Linate Airport runway collision and the 2002 Überlingen mid-air collision , both of which were related to air traffic navigation shortcomings. The pressure

1736-518: The Greek Sympheropoli ( Greek : Συμφερόπολη , romanized :  Symferópoli , lit.   'city of common good'. The spelling Symferopil ( Ukrainian : Симферопіль ) is also used. In Crimean Tatar , the name of the city is Aqmescit (or in Cyrillic, Акъмесджит , lit. 'The white mosque', from Aq "white", and mescit "mosque"). But aq does not refer to the colour of

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1792-696: The Russian Takeover of the Airport, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) expressed concerns about the safety of international flights in the region and recommended airlines to avoid Crimean airspace. By the same token on 3 March 2014, the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (Eurocontrol), who also did not recognize the unilateral takeover of Ukrainian airspace by another country, had confirmed that

1848-537: The Simferopol Airport. Simferopol to Moscow flights began in May 1936. Before the Second World War , regular air travel was established between Simferopol and Kyiv , Kharkiv , and other airports. In 1957, a terminal was commissioned. Lighting equipment was installed on a dirt runway and IL-12 , IL-14 , and Mi-4 aircraft began landing at the airport. In 1960, a concrete runway with an apron and parking areas

1904-640: The Single European Sky Regulations (Package 1). In March 2006, the European Commission's Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) Program was launched by the Stakeholder Consultation Group (SCG) under Eurocontrol's aegis. Eurocontrol provides a set of different services: Eurocontrol's Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre (MUAC), ICAO designator EDYY, located at Maastricht Aachen Airport , provides air traffic control for traffic above 24,500 ft over Belgium , Luxembourg ,

1960-513: The airport for international flights, however, as of March 2016 no international flights were operated. On 29 July 2014, Rosaviation granted Chechen airline Grozny Avia permission to operate nonstop flights from Simferopol to the Armenian capital of Yerevan and Turkish cities of Istanbul and Antalya . However, these flights were technically domestic since they operated with a stopover in Anapa . Both of

2016-419: The airport terminal is able to handle 6 million passenger annually. In 2021, the airport became the sixth busiest one in territory occupied by Russia with 6.83 million passengers transiting through the airport, only behind the 3 Moscow airports ( Sheremetyevo , Domodedovo and Vnukovo ), St Petersburg's Pulkovo and Sochi/Adler airport. From March 2014 onwards, all flights to/from Simferopol Airport with

2072-780: The capital of Crimea, Simferopol houses its political structure including the Supreme Council of Crimea and the Council of Ministers. Simferopol is also the administrative centre of the Simferopol Raion ( district ), but is directly subordinate to the Crimean authorities rather than to the district authorities housed in the city itself. The city of Simferopol is administratively divided into three urban districts ( Zaliznychnyi , Kyivskyi and Tsentralnyi ), four urban-type settlements ( Ahrarne , Aeroflotskyi , Hresivskyi , Komsomolske ) and

2128-679: The city and on 18 October 1921, Simferopol became the capital of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . During World War II , Simferopol was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1 November 1941 to 13 April 1944. Retreating NKVD police shot a number of prisoners on 31 October 1941 in the NKVD building and the city's prison. Germans perpetrated one of the largest war-time massacres in Simferopol, killing in total over 22,000 locals—mostly Jews , Russians , Krymchaks , and Romani . On one occasion, starting 9 December 1941,

2184-473: The city has a population of 340,600 (2006) most of whom are ethnic Russians, with the rest being Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar minorities. After the Crimean Tatars were allowed to return from exile in the 1990s, several new Crimean Tatar suburbs were constructed, as many more Tatars returned to the city compared to number exiled in 1944. Land ownership between the current residents and returning Crimean Tatars

2240-399: The city of Yalta on Crimean Black Sea coast. The line is the longest trolleybus line in the world with a total length of 86 kilometres (53 mi) (since 2014 again 96 kilometres (60 mi)). The streets of Simferopol have a rare house numbering – the odd numbers are on the right side of the road, looking in the direction in which the numbers increase. At the last census in 2014,

2296-517: The exception of flights originating from Russia were cancelled due to Crimea's annexation by the Russian Federation. A flight to Istanbul, Turkey, was operated on 19 July 2014, and a flight to Yerevan, Armenia, was operated on 16 November 2014 by Grozny Avia , a Chechen airline. Technically both of these flights were not international because they had a stopover in Anapa Airport . Dobrolyot ,

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2352-536: The first in terms of flight hours and distance. MUAC has put in operation innovative technology and productivity enhancements: a new generation Flight Data Processing System, Integrated Flow Management Position, the Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA), Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) and stripless controller working positions. Typically, air traffic control sectors at MUAC can handle 55 or more flights per hour. The average flight duration

2408-509: The majority of transitional air routes have been closed, in accordance with the Chicago Convention . Ukrainian airlines also suspended routes to Simferopol. Under the Russian control (Russia not being a member of Eurocontrol), the airport operates flights only to destinations in Russia. In June 2014, Prime Minister of Russia , Dmitry Medvedev , signed a Government resolution No.960 to open

2464-566: The mosque, but rather to its location in cosmology. The Turkic peoples give a colour designation to the cardinal points , and white is the west. Thus, the exact translation of the name of the town is "the Western Mosque." In English, the name was often given as Akmechet or Ak-Mechet (e.g. in Encyclopædia Britannica ), . This was a transliteration from the Russian spelling of Crimean Tatar word Акмечет, Ак-Мечеть, where Mechet (Мечеть)

2520-527: The most prominent medical schools of Ukraine. The Crimean Medical University is situated on the plot, where in 1855 a nursery garden was planted by the founder of the Nikita Botanical Gardens Ch.Ch.Steven (1781–1863). In 1863–66 a school for girls was built here and in 1931 a medical institute was opened. On the same plot P.Krzhizhanovsky built a three-storey hostel for medical students after the design in 1934. The building with clear geometric masses

2576-604: The perceived collaboration of Tatars with Nazi Germany. On 26 April 1954, Simferopol, together with the rest of the Crimean Oblast , was transferred from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev . An asteroid , discovered in 1970 by Soviet astronomer Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova , is named after the city ( 2141 Simferopol ). Following

2632-535: The population of Simferopol was 332,317, the highest of any city in the Republic of Crimea and second only to Sevastopol within the Crimean peninsula. When it existed, Crimea Air had its head office on the grounds of Simferopol Airport . A new 19-gate terminal for the airport finished construction in 2018. The terminal was designed in the shape of a wave by Samoo Architects & Engineers , after their successful bid as part of an international competition. Simferopol

2688-672: The railway line to Crimea at the border with mainland Ukraine ( Kherson Oblast ). Currently, the station serves only a commuter (regional) passenger train and the Moscow – Simferopol train every day. The city is also connected via the Simferopol International Airport , which was constructed in 1936. Zavodskoye Airport is situated southwest of Simferopol. The city has several main bus stations, with routes towards many cities, including Sevastopol , Kerch , Yalta , and Yevpatoriya . The Crimean Trolleybus connects Simferopol to

2744-637: The routes were suspended the same year. In May 2015, the Ukrainian Parliament voted in favor of renaming the Simferopol airport in honor of the Crimean-Tatar war hero Amet-khan Sultan . The airport's management team has responded that the authority to decree such changes is vested in the Russian government, and that they do not feel the need to respond to the Ukrainian parliament's ruling. Russian State Duma deputy, Vasiliy Likhachyov , has also released

2800-488: The village of Bitumne. Viktor Ageev became city mayor on 11 November 2010 and was then elected chairman of the Simferopol City Council on 29 September 2014. Igor Lukashyov was installed as the head of Simferopol City administration (i.e. local executive) after Russia annexed the region in 2014. He served in this position until his dismissal on 9 November 2018. Simferopol has a major railway station , which serves millions of tourists each year. In December 2014 Ukraine cut

2856-416: Was 332,317 ( 2014 Census ) . After the 1784 annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire , the Russian empress decreed the foundation of a city named Simferopol on the location of the Crimean Tatar town of Aqmescit ("White Mosque"). The name Simferopol ( Ukrainian : Сімферо́поль [sʲimfeˈrɔpɔlʲ] ; Russian: Симферо́поль [sʲɪmfʲɪˈropəlʲ] ) comes from

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2912-399: Was completed in 1938. A new federal university campus was opened 4 August 2014. Simferopol is home to the football club FC TSK Simferopol which plays in the Crimean Premier League . It was formed as a Russian club in 2014, following the 2014 Crimean Conflict , to replace the Ukrainian club Tavriya Simferopol which had been the first winners of the Ukraine Premier League , and also won

2968-410: Was constructed. The airport began to operate around the clock and in adverse weather conditions, using new aircraft such as Antonov An-10 and IL-18 . In the 1950s and 1960s, the AN-2 carried cargo and passenger flights to regional centers of the Crimea , and the Mi-4 flew to Yalta . In the summer of 1960, a squadron of Tu-104 was organized for the first time in Ukrainian SSR . Starting in 1964,

3024-407: Was further compounded by the September 11 attacks , increasing the need for a rapid Europe-wide regulatory and coordinating body. By May 2003, Eurocontrol and NATO had signed a memorandum of cooperation, followed by a similar memorandum with the European Commission in December 2003. In February 2004, Eurocontrol started work on first mandates from the European Commission and in April 2004, it adopted

3080-470: Was not allowed in the list of final three options to vote for despite being the most popular in the preliminary round of voting. Since the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014, the airport is only used for flights to and from Russian airports due to limited international recognition of the annexation. On 21 January 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the Crimean Autonomous Republic decided to allocate land and begin construction of

3136-568: Was signed in 1960 and ratified in 1963. Before the Convention entered into force in 1963, there were already indications that the matter of national sovereignty would complicate the full implementation of the organisation's founding mission. The first European plan for a harmonised air traffic control (ATC) system, proposed in 1962, was beset by the refusal of both France and Britain to comply, largely due to reasons closely linked with their national military airspace control. The other four original members (the Federal Republic of Germany , Belgium ,

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