106-564: The Sid Vale Association (SVA) is a voluntary conservation charity. It is headquartered in the coastal town of Sidmouth in the English county of Devon . Following the government's restructuring of the legal framework for charities the SVA was registered as CIO No 1154749 on 26 November 2013. It was the first Civic Society in Britain, founded in 1846 by John Carslake . It focuses on preserving and enhancing
212-536: A 1987 adaptation of William Trevor 's novel The Children of Dynmouth , and an ITV adaptation of Agatha Christie 's Marple in summer 2005. The Sidmouth Herald is the local newspaper. Manor Pavilion houses an arts centre and a theatre that hosts both amateur and professional productions. There is also the Radway Cinema. Sidmouth has been a frequent winner of Britain in Bloom awards. Most recently it won
318-517: A campaign to France to become heir to the French throne. This largely acquainted audiences and the wider population with the king's reign and his character as a whole. In the other depictions of Henry V in literature, he is a character in William Kenrick 's sequel to Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 2 , known as Falstaff's Wedding . In the play, Henry plays a minor role. In Georgette Heyer 's Simon
424-457: A dominant global power . Henry was born in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle in Monmouthshire , and for that reason was sometimes called Henry of Monmouth. He was the son of Henry of Bolingbroke (later Henry IV of England) and Mary de Bohun . His father's cousin was the reigning English monarch, Richard II . Henry's paternal grandfather was the influential John of Gaunt ,
530-557: A few traces of the railway and tunnel survive today. The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) operated a lifeboat station at Sidmouth between 1869 and 1912. According to one of the Sid Vale Association Blue Plaques, a fort was built in Sidmouth in 1628, due to fear of a French invasion or naval attack, on the part of the seafront that is known as 'Fortfield' and which is now the cricket pitch. Another of
636-479: A friend of Henry V before his rebellion. Henry also faced a coup orchestrated by a relative and prominent noble, Edmund Mortimer, in the Southampton Plot, and in 1415 dealt with a Yorkist conspiracy to overthrow him. After this, during the remainder of his reign, Henry was able to rule without any opposition against him. Henry V was often a figure of literary imagination and romantic interpretations, often used as
742-586: A handful of bands to win back-to-back titles, and was promoted to the second section from 2012. From 2017 the band was promoted to the First Section. Sidmouth has featured in various literary works, e.g. as "Stymouth" in Beatrix Potter 's children's story The Tale of Little Pig Robinson (1930), in which the author included views of the beach and other parts of the Devon countryside. In Thomas Hardy 's Wessex it
848-440: A horse at Charenton and failing. He was taken back to Vincennes, around 10 August, where he died some weeks later. He was 35 years old and had reigned for nine years. Shortly before his death, Henry V named his brother, John, Duke of Bedford , regent of France in the name of his son, Henry VI of England, then only a few months old. Henry V did not live to be crowned King of France himself, as he might confidently have expected after
954-458: A national sensation and caused a patriotic fervour among the English people that would go on to influence both the medieval English army and the British army for centuries to come. His continuous victories against the French during 1417–1422 led to many romanticized depictions of Henry V as a figure of nationalism and patriotism, both in literature and in the renowned works of Shakespeare and in
1060-798: A period of several days, John Bradmore , the royal physician, treated the wound with honey to act as an antiseptic , crafted a tool to screw into the embedded arrowhead ( bodkin point ) and thus extract it without doing further damage, and flushed the wound with alcohol. The operation was successful, but it left Henry with permanent scars - evidence of his experience in battle. Bradmore recorded this account in Latin, in his manuscript titled Philomena . Henry's treatment also appeared in an anonymous Middle English surgical treatise dated to 1446, that has since been attributed to Thomas Morstede . The Welsh revolt of Owain Glyndŵr absorbed Henry's energies until 1408. Then, as
1166-451: A prominent feature since Regency times. A series of southwesterly storms in the early 1990s washed away much of the shingle beach protecting the masonry. A set of artificial rock islands was constructed to protect the sea front, and tons of pebbles were trucked in to replace the beach. Sidmouth has a number of conservation projects, notably the arboretum which in 2012 designated all land owned by Sidmouth Town Council as 'civic arboretum',
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#17330845823851272-467: A result of the king's ill health, Henry began to take a wider share in politics. From January 1410, helped by his uncles Henry and Thomas Beaufort , legitimised sons of John of Gaunt, he had practical control of the government. Both in foreign and domestic policy he differed from the king, who discharged his son from the council in November 1411. The quarrel between father and son was political only, though it
1378-433: A son of Edward III . As he was not close to the line of succession to the throne, Henry's date of birth was not officially documented, and for many years it was disputed whether he was born in 1386 or 1387. However, records indicate that his younger brother Thomas was born in the autumn of 1387 and that his parents were at Monmouth in 1386 but not in 1387. It is now accepted that he was born on 16 September 1386. Upon
1484-420: A sports hall at the leisure centre, and a golf course. Sidmouth College is a comprehensive school which takes children aged between 11 and 18 from as far afield as Exmouth and Exeter. In February 2012, with 852 pupils on the roll, the college was deemed 'Good' by Ofsted . The judgment of improvement in the college's provision followed the previous inspection (May 2009) when it was deemed 'satisfactory'. In
1590-645: A symbol of English military might and power, which inspired later kings and queens of England . His effect on English history , culture , and the military is profound. His victory at Agincourt significantly impacted the war against the French and led to the English capturing most of northern France. This led to the Treaty of Troyes in 1420, in which Charles VI of France appointed Henry his successor, although Henry died two months before Charles in October 1422. Henry's victories created
1696-581: A traditional character of a morally great king in the works of many writers, playwrights and dramatists. This is notably so in his depiction in Henry V , a play largely based on the life of Henry V by William Shakespeare. This and other plays about Richard II, Henry V's father Henry IV and son Henry VI are known as the Henriad in Shakespearean scholarship. It depicts the king as a pious but cunning ruler who ventured on
1802-598: Is a town on the English Channel in Devon , South West England , 14 miles (23 km) southeast of Exeter . With a population of 12,569 in 2011, it is a tourist resort and a gateway to the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site . A large part of the town has been designated a conservation area . The origins of Sidmouth pre-date recorded history. The Sid valley has been in human occupation since at least
1908-537: Is also played by Timothée Chalamet in 2019 Netflix film The King directed by David Michôd . He is portrayed by Tom Hiddleston in the BBC television series The Hollow Crown . Henry V is a character in the comic series The Hammer Man in the BBC comic strip The Victor featuring him as the commander of the hero, Chell Paddock. King Henry V is a character in the video game Bladestorm: The Hundred Years' War and also in
2014-595: Is also served by AVMT Buses' service 899, which runs from Seaton to Sidmouth via Beer and Branscombe . Since the closure of the Sidmouth Railway in 1967, the nearest railway stations are Feniton , Honiton or Whimple , all on the West of England line . Feniton is the nearest of these stations, being 8 miles (13 km) away. Sidmouth has its own town council, presided over by a chair elected from councillors. There are eight wards, with 19 councillors in all. The town clerk
2120-405: Is another source of income. The largest employer is East Devon District Council, the headquarters of which are at the former Knowle Hotel. The headquarters were transferred to Honiton in 2019. There is a large independent department store , Fields of Sidmouth, which has been on the same site for over 200 years. There are pubs, restaurants, coffee houses and tea rooms; also an indoor swimming pool,
2226-546: Is likely due to the town's having provided two ships and 67 men to King Edward III during the Hundred Years' War with which to attack Calais . The most concerted effort was a short-lived attempt in the 1830s at the west of the seafront; this included the construction of the Sidmouth Harbour Railway along the seafront and into a tunnel at the cliffs to the east that would have transported stone from Hook Ebb. Only
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#17330845823852332-496: Is named). Sidmouth remained a village until the fashion for coastal resorts grew in the Georgian and Victorian periods of the 18th and 19th centuries. A number of Georgian and Regency buildings still remain. In 1819, George III 's son Edward, Duke of Kent , his wife, and baby daughter (the future Queen Victoria ) came to stay at Woolbrook Glen for a few weeks. In less than a month he had died of pneumonia. The house later became
2438-502: Is probable that the Beauforts had discussed the abdication of Henry IV. Their opponents certainly endeavoured to defame Prince Henry. It may be that the tradition of Henry's riotous youth, immortalised by Shakespeare , is partly due to political enmity. Henry's record of involvement in war and politics, even in his youth, disproves this tradition. The most famous incident, his quarrel with the chief justice, has no contemporary authority and
2544-693: Is the inspiration for "Idmouth". "Baymouth" in William Makepeace Thackeray 's Pendennis , and "Spudmouth" in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood by Howard Pyle , are both based on the town. In G. A. Henty 's book With Wolfe in Canada , the hero James Walsham is from Sidmouth, and parts at the beginning and end of the book take place there. The poet Elizabeth Barrett lived in the town from 1832 until 1835. The area of rock pools around Jacob's Ladder
2650-498: Is the senior paid officer, with a team of full-time and part-time staff. The town is responsible for many of the locally run services, including the information centre. Sidmouth lies within the areas of East Devon District Council and Devon County Council . The electorate of the Sidmouth ward at the 2011 census was 13,737. Sidmouth was in the Honiton parliamentary constituency from its recreation in 1885 until its abolition in 1997, and
2756-498: Is used as the location for H. G. Wells ' The Sea Raiders . In 1962, author R. F. Delderfield had a house, 'Dove Cottage' (now 'Gazebo'), built on Peak Hill. J.R.R. Tolkien was a regular visitor to Sidmouth and wrote parts of the early part of Lord of the Rings while on holiday with his family in 1938. Chapters drafted during the holiday encompass the hobbits escape of the Shire through
2862-430: Is used by bands in many weeks of the summer season. This grassy slope up and along Peak Hill follows the red cliffs above Jacob's Ladder Beach. It provides a wide view eastwards over the whole town towards Salcombe Hill. The principal revenue is from tourism, with a wide range of hotels and guest houses, as well as self catering accommodation in the local area. Sidmouth is a retirement location, so pensioner spending
2968-647: The Age of Empires II: The Conquerors in which he was featured as a paladin . Henry's arms as Prince of Wales were those of the kingdom , differenced by a label argent of three points. Upon his accession, he inherited the use of the arms of the kingdom undifferenced. After his father became king, Henry was created Prince of Wales. It was suggested that Henry should marry the widow of Richard II, Isabella of Valois , but this had been refused. After this, negotiations took place for his marriage to Catherine of Pomerania between 1401 and 1404, but ultimately failed. During
3074-615: The Battle of Agincourt , King Sigismund of Hungary (later Holy Roman Emperor ) made a visit to Henry in hopes of making peace between England and France. His goal was to persuade Henry to modify his demands against the French. Henry lavishly entertained him and even had him enrolled in the Order of the Garter . Sigismund, in turn, inducted Henry into the Order of the Dragon . Henry had intended to crusade for
3180-618: The Battle of Poitiers (1356) as the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years' War. This victory both solidified and strengthened Henry V's own rule in England and also legitimized his claim to the French throne more than ever. During the battle, Henry ordered that the French prisoners taken during the battle be put to death, including some of the most illustrious who could have been held for ransom . Cambridge historian Brett Tingley suggests that Henry ordered them killed out of concern that
3286-503: The Château de Vincennes to the east of Paris. The commonly held view is that Henry V contracted dysentery in the period just after the Siege of Meaux, which ended on 9 May 1422. However, the symptoms and severity of dysentery present themselves fairly quickly and he seems to have been healthy in the weeks following the siege. At the time, speculative causes of his illness also included smallpox ,
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3392-518: The Convent of the Assumption ) which takes children from two to 18, including overseas boarders. In 2007, it was taken over by International Education Systems (IES). Henry V of England Henry V (16 September 1386 – 31 August 1422), also called Henry of Monmouth , was King of England from 1413 until his death in 1422. Despite his relatively short reign, Henry's outstanding military successes in
3498-482: The East Devon constituency from its recreation in 1997 until its abolition, since when it has been in the Honiton and Sidmouth . The parish church is dedicated to St Giles and St Nicholas. It was rebuilt in 1860; the architect was William White . Of the medieval structure, only the 15th-century tower has been retained. Oddments of Norman and later stonework were included in the rebuilding. Features of interest include
3604-520: The Hundred Years' War against France made England one of the strongest military powers in Europe . Immortalised in Shakespeare 's " Henriad " plays, Henry is known and celebrated as one of the greatest warrior-kings of medieval England . Henry of Monmouth, the eldest son of Henry IV , became heir apparent and Prince of Wales after his father seized the throne in 1399. During the reign of his father,
3710-634: The Iron Age as attested by the presence of Sidbury Castle , and possibly earlier given the presence of Bronze Age burial mounds on Gittisham Hill and Broad Down. The village of Sidbury itself is known to be Saxon in origin with the Church crypt dating to the seventh century. However, the Sid Valley was divided into two ecclesiastical land holdings, with Sidbury and Salcombe Regis being gifted by King Athelstan to Exeter Cathedral , and Sidmouth, which
3816-641: The Syon Abbey , completed by Henry VI during his lifetime. In the 16th century the monastery was demolished as a result of the growing movement of the English Reformation during the reign of King Henry VIII . Henry V further contributed to the church, as he was forced to put down an anti-church uprising in the form of the Lollard uprising led by the English Lollard leader John Oldcastle in 1414, who had been
3922-461: The abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel than Otterton. By this time, Sidmouth already had a parish church , as the Otterton Cartulary refers to a grant of 30 acres of land to Guilielmas, the vicar in Sidmouth, as a glebe , and excavations in 2009 during the remodelling of the parish church revealed foundations dating from that time. It is likely that the church was already dedicated to St Giles , as
4028-471: The dissolution of the monasteries and sold it off, whereafter it changed hands several times before being acquired by the Mainwaring baronets , whose family provided two of the vicars of Sidmouth parish. Although attempts have been made to construct a harbour, none has succeeded. A lack of shelter in the bay prevented the town's growth as a port. Despite this, a part of the town is known as 'Port Royal' which
4134-582: The 1920s the Catholic population had grown to require a parish church. Land at Radway was acquired in 1930 and the Church of the Most Precious Blood was built, with the first Mass being celebrated on 10 November 1935. Sidmouth is home to the Norman Lockyer Observatory and Planetarium , located on Salcombe Hill. The facility, completed in 1912, fell into disuse but was saved from demolition by
4240-571: The 1935 film Royal Cavalcade , in which he was played by actor Matheson Lang . Henry is played by Kenneth Branagh in the 1989 film Henry V , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, Best Director , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role . Henry V appears as a major character played by Keith Baxter in Orson Welles 's 1966 film Chimes at Midnight . He
4346-413: The 2005 Ofsted report, when there were 869 students on the roll, it was also deemed 'satisfactory'. Sidmouth College is situated in the Sid Valley. It admits students from East Devon. There is one state junior school , which takes children from between the ages of 8 and 11. There are two state infant schools . There is, additionally, a private school: St John's International School (formerly known as
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4452-451: The Battle of Agincourt, Henry renewed the war on a larger scale in 1417. After taking Caen , he quickly conquered Lower Normandy and Rouen was cut off from Paris and besieged. This siege has cast an even darker shadow on the reputation of the king adding to the loss of honor following his order to slay the French prisoners at Agincourt. The leaders of Rouen, who were unable to support and feed
4558-668: The Blue Plaques of the Sid Vale Association , confirms that the Old Ship pub (now a Costa Coffee ) had operated as a tavern in Sidmouth since the 1400s and was used by smugglers . The infamous Jack Rattenbury , who was born nearby in Beer, Devon operated in the area, and was known to associate with the Mutter family of Ladram Bay (after whom Mutter's Moor on Peak Hill overlooking Sidmouth
4664-675: The Coldheart Henry also appears as a minor character. In other works, Henry V is the main character such as in Good King Harry by Denise Giardina . He is also a minor character in Azincourt by Bernard Cornwell . Henry V has been depicted in many historical films and operas such as Laurence Olivier 's 1944 film Henry V played by Olivier himself, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Henry also appears in
4770-596: The Duke of Kent Memorial Window, which Queen Victoria gave in 1867, and the reredos by Samuel Sanders Teulon . Parts of the original fabric, such as the windows, were reused by the historian Peter Orlando Hutchinson in building a folly adjoining his house. He was also responsible for saving the stained glass in the vestry. The folly is the Old Chancel in Coburg Terrace which was started by Hutchinson in 1859, in protest over
4876-568: The English forces in France. On 22 March 1421, Thomas led the English to a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Baugé against a Franco-Scottish army. The duke was killed in the battle. On 10 June, Henry sailed back to France to retrieve the situation. It was to be his last military campaign. From July to August, Henry's forces besieged and captured Dreux , thus relieving allied forces at Chartres . On 6 October, his forces laid siege to Meaux , capturing it on 11 May 1422. Henry V died on 31 August 1422 at
4982-401: The French throne might be realized. After the victory, Henry marched to Calais and the king returned in triumph to England in November and received a hero's welcome. The brewing nationalistic sentiment among the English people was so great that contemporary writers describe firsthand how Henry was welcomed with triumphal pageantry into London upon his return. These accounts also describe how Henry
5088-418: The French, who suffered severe losses. The French men-at-arms were bogged down in the muddy battlefield, soaked from the previous night of heavy rain, thus hindering the French advance and making them sitting targets for the flanking English archers. Most were simply hacked to death while completely stuck in the deep mud. It was Henry's greatest military victory, ranking alongside the Battle of Crécy (1346) and
5194-451: The Hundred Years' War beginning in 1337. Wanting to claim the French throne for himself, Henry resumed the war against France in 1415. This would lead to one of England's most successful military campaigns during the whole conflict and would result in one of the most decisive victories for an English army during this period. On 12 August 1415, Henry sailed for France, where his forces besieged
5300-514: The Old Forest and up to their arrival at Bree. It was a favourite spot for Sir John Betjeman . He chose it as the subject of the first programme of the television series John Betjeman in the West Country that he wrote and presented in 1962. The script takes the form of an extended poem and was republished in 2000 as a short book. Sidmouth has been the setting for television dramas, such as
5406-555: The Royal Glen Hotel; a plaque on an exterior wall records the visit. Sidmouth was connected to the railway network in 1874, by a branch line from Sidmouth Junction , which from there called at Ottery St Mary and Tipton St John . This was dismantled in 1967 as a result of the Beeching Axe . In 2008, Canadian millionaire Keith Owen, who had been on holiday in the town and planned to retire there, bequeathed about £2.3 million to
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#17330845823855512-547: The Small Town category in 2001 and the Coastal Resort category in 2005. The Sid Vale Association, the first civic society in Britain, was founded in 1846 and is based in Sidmouth. In 2016, a worldwide architectural competition was held in the town to provide ideas for the future redevelopment of Sidmouth's eastern town and seafront. The competition was initiated by Sidmouth Architect Henry Beech Mole . In October 2018, it
5618-483: The Treaty of Troyes, because Charles VI, to whom he had been named heir, survived him by two months. Henry's comrade-in-arms and Lord Steward , John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley , brought Henry's body back to England and bore the royal standard at his funeral. Henry V was buried in Westminster Abbey on 7 November 1422. Henry V's death at thirty-five years of age was a political and dynastic turning point for both
5724-674: The Unitarian chapel was founded in the 17th century by Presbyterians and the Wesleyan and Congregational ones in 1837 and 1846 respectively. After the Reformation , the Catholic Church returned to Sidmouth in 1880 with the arrival of exiled French Jesuits who were joined in 1881 by the Sisters of the Assumption . The convent erected a purpose built chapel which opened for public mass in 1884. By
5830-514: The annual fair was held on his feast day 1 September. According to one of the many blue plaques found around Sidmouth, not far from the church was a chapel dedicated to St Peter built sometime before 1322, the remaining wall of which is now part of Dukes Hotel. During the 14th century, Sidmouth enjoyed a degree of prosperity from the wine trade and, as part of the manor of Otterton, was transferred by King Henry V from Mont-Saint-Michel to Syon Abbey . King Henry VIII confiscated it again during
5936-400: The appeals of enthusiasts to East Devon District Council. The observatory now operates as a science education project and is open to the public. Sidmouth Folk Week is an annual folk festival in early August attracting musicians and visitors. It became less financially viable over the years and in 2005 the last of the commercial sponsors, essential for its existence, pulled out. To continue
6042-463: The assertion of his own claims as part of his royal duty, but a permanent settlement of the national debate was essential to the success of his foreign policy. Following the instability back in England during the reign of King Richard II , the war in France came to a halt, as during most of his reign relations between England and France were largely peaceful and so they were during his father's reign as well. But in 1415, hostilities were renewed between
6148-464: The bacterial infection erysipelas and even leprosy . But there is no doubt he had contracted a serious illness sometime between May and June. Recovering at the castle of Vincennes, by the end of June it seems he was well enough to lead his forces with the intent of engaging the Dauphinist forces at Cosne-sur-Loire . At the outset, he would have been riding in full armour, probably in blistering heat, as
6254-417: The brilliance of a lion's". Henry tackled all of the domestic policies together and gradually built on them a wider policy. From the first, he made it clear that he would rule England as the head of a united nation. He let past differences be forgotten—the late Richard II was honourably re-interred; the young Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March , was taken into favour; the heirs of those who had suffered under
6360-444: The care of his uncle Henry Beaufort , the chancellor of the university. During this time, due to taking a liking to both literature and music, he learned to read and write in the vernacular ; this made him the first English King that was educated in this regard. He even went on to grant pensions to composers due to such love for music. From 1400 to 1404, he carried out the duties of High Sheriff of Cornwall . During that time, Henry
6466-462: The civic fabric and the countryside of the Sid valley and encouraging public enjoyment of facilities in the valley. The Society owns over 50 acres (200,000 m) of the countryside surrounding Sidmouth and has done extensive work within and around the town especially around 'The Byes Walk' that runs from Sidford to Sidmouth . Some of the association's works were the development of 'Margaret's Meadow' and
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#17330845823856572-408: The community's civic society, the Sid Vale Association , upon learning that he had only weeks to live due to lung cancer. The bequest was used as a capital fund to generate an annual interest dividend of around £120,000 for community projects. At the 2011 census the population was 12,569, with a median age of 59. Sidmouth lies at the mouth of the River Sid in a valley between Peak Hill to
6678-406: The destruction of the original church fabric during rebuilding. The museum , next to the church, has local memorabilia, historical artefacts, and geological samples. The church of All Saints, also Anglican (Taylor, architect, 1837), is in the Early English style with lancet windows and "oddly clumsy" pinnacles. There were also Unitarian, Wesleyan (later Methodist) and Congregational chapels;
6784-451: The disaster, began quarrelling and fighting among themselves. This quarrelling also led to a division in the French aristocracy and caused a rift in the French royal family , leading to infighting. By 1420, a treaty was signed between Henry V and Charles VI of France, known as the Treaty of Troyes , which acknowledged Henry as regent and heir to the French throne and also married Henry to Charles's daughter Catherine of Valois . Following
6890-402: The east towards Jacob's Ladder Beach at the west. Peak Hill can be seen in the distance. Jacob's Ladder is a series of wooden steps leading up to Connaught Gardens from Jacob's Ladder Beach and its red cliffs. Connaught Gardens date from around 1820. They were named after the Duke of Connaught , the third son of Queen Victoria , who officially opened the gardens in 1934. The bandstand there
6996-420: The exile of Henry's father in 1398, Richard II took the boy into his own charge and treated him kindly. The young Henry accompanied Richard to Ireland. While in the royal service, he visited Trim Castle in County Meath , the ancient meeting place of the Parliament of Ireland . In 1399, John of Gaunt died. In the same year Richard II was overthrown by the Lancastrian usurpation that brought Henry's father to
7102-404: The film industry in modern times. Henry V is not only remembered for his military prowess but also for his architectural patronage. He commissioned the building of King's College Chapel and Eton College Chapel , and although some of his building works were discontinued after his death, others were continued by his son and successor Henry VI. He also contributed to the founding of the monastery of
7208-480: The first town in the United Kingdom to do so. The highest temperature recorded since 1990 in Sidmouth is 28 °C (82 °F) in July 2018, and the coldest is -5 °C (23 °F) in February 1991 and March 2018. Sidmouth's main road access is via the A3052. This provides access to Exeter and the M5 motorway 12 miles (19 km) away. Irregular bus services connect to Exeter up to every half-hour by Stagecoach South West and to Honiton or Seaton. Sidmouth
7314-452: The following years, marriage had apparently assumed a lower priority until the conclusion of the Treaty of Troyes in 1420 when Henry V was named heir to Charles VI of France and provided in marriage to Charles's daughter Catherine of Valois, younger sister of Isabella of Valois. Her dowry, upon the agreement between the two kingdoms, was 600,000 crowns . Together the couple had one child, Henry, born in late 1421. Upon Henry V's death in 1422,
7420-411: The fortress at Harfleur , capturing it on 22 September. Afterwards, he decided to march with his army across the French countryside toward Calais against the warnings of his council. On 25 October, on the plains near the village of Agincourt , a French army intercepted his route. Despite his men-at-arms' being exhausted, outnumbered and malnourished, Henry led his men into battle, decisively defeating
7526-455: The harbour at the English-garrisoned Harfleur. A French land force also besieged the town. In March 1416 a raiding force of soldiers under the Earl of Dorset, Thomas Beaufort, was attacked and narrowly escaped defeat at the Battle of Valmont after a counterattack by the garrison of Harfleur. To relieve the town, Henry sent his brother, John, Duke of Bedford , who raised a fleet and set sail from Beachy Head on 14 August. The Franco-Genoese fleet
7632-452: The kingdoms of England and France , in the person of Henry, upon the death of the ailing Charles. However, Henry died in August 1422, less than two months before his father-in-law, and was succeeded by his only son and heir, the infant Henry VI . Analyses of Henry's reign are varied. According to Charles Ross , he was widely praised for his personal piety , bravery, and military genius; Henry
7738-503: The kingdoms of England and France. The Lancastrian ruler had been set to rule both realms after Charles VI 's death, which occurred in October 1422, less than two months after Henry's own premature death. This caused his infant son, also called Henry, to ascend the throne as King Henry VI of England , at the age of nine months. Due to the new king's age , a regency government was formed by Henry's surviving brothers, John, Duke of Bedford , and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester . This acted as
7844-533: The language of record within government. He was the first king to use English in his personal correspondence since the Norman Conquest 350 years earlier. Henry could now turn his attention to foreign affairs. A writer of the next generation was the first to allege that Henry was encouraged by ecclesiastical statesmen to enter into the French war as a means of diverting attention from home troubles. This story seems to have no foundation. Old commercial disputes and
7950-519: The largest holding of French territory by an English king since the Angevin Empire . The Treaty of Troyes (1420) recognised Henry V as regent of France and heir apparent to the French throne, disinheriting Charles's own son, the Dauphin Charles . Henry was subsequently married to Charles VI's daughter, Catherine of Valois . The treaty ratified the unprecedented formation of a union between
8056-546: The last reign were restored gradually to their titles and estates. Yet, where Henry saw a grave domestic danger, he acted firmly and ruthlessly, such as during the Lollard discontent in January 1414 and including the execution by burning of Henry's old friend, Sir John Oldcastle, in 1417 to "nip the movement in the bud" and make his own position as ruler secure. Henry's reign was generally free from serious trouble at home. The exception
8162-549: The main campsite. During the summer, Sidmouth Town Band, a brass band , play a series of concerts in the Connaught Gardens each Sunday at 8pm from late May until early September. The earliest record of the band is from a photograph of 1862. In 2010, during competition, it was crowned West of England Champion in the third section. It went on to win third prize at the national finals of Great Britain. In 2011, it retained its West of England Champion title, becoming one of only
8268-435: The military fortress castle at Montereau-Fault-Yonne close to Paris. He besieged and captured Melun in November 1420, returning to England shortly thereafter. In 1428, Charles VII retook Montereau, only to see the English once again take it over within a short time. Finally, on 10 October 1437, Charles VII was victorious in regaining Montereau-Fault-Yonne . While Henry was in England, his brother Thomas, Duke of Clarence, led
8374-528: The order after uniting the English and French thrones, but he died before fulfilling his plans. Sigismund left England several months later, having signed the Treaty of Canterbury acknowledging English claims to France. Command of the sea was secured by driving the Genoese allies of the French out of the English Channel . While Henry was occupied with peace negotiations in 1416, a French and Genoese fleet surrounded
8480-469: The other without relaxing his warlike approach. In January 1419, Rouen fell. Those Norman French who had resisted were severely punished: Alain Blanchard , who had hanged English prisoners from the walls of Rouen, was summarily executed; Robert de Livet, Canon of Rouen , who had excommunicated the English king, was packed off to England and imprisoned for five years. By August, the English were outside
8586-481: The port of Harfleur and a famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt , which inspired a proto-nationalistic fervour in England. During his second campaign (1417–20), his armies captured Paris and conquered most of northern France, including the formerly English-held Duchy of Normandy . Taking advantage of political divisions within France , Henry put unparalleled pressure on Charles VI of France ("the Mad"), resulting in
8692-574: The preservation of 'Bluebell Wood' located on Salcombe Hill, Sidmouth. It owns and runs Sidmouth Museum , located in Hope Cottage. It administers the Keith Owen fund. Owen left a considerable sum of money to the town in 2008. Grants are made annually from the interest of the capital he left to encourage and support initiatives which enhance the area and promote leisure and pleasure facilities. Sidmouth Sidmouth ( / ˈ s ɪ d m ə θ / )
8798-426: The prince's political opposition to Thomas Arundel , Archbishop of Canterbury , perhaps encouraged Lollard hopes. If so, their disappointment may account for the statements of ecclesiastical writers like Thomas Walsingham that Henry, on becoming king, was suddenly changed into a new man. After Henry IV died on 20 March 1413, Henry V succeeded him and was crowned on 9 April 1413 at Westminster Abbey . The ceremony
8904-405: The prisoners might turn on their captors when the English were busy repelling a third wave of enemy troops, thus jeopardising a hard-fought victory. The victorious conclusion of Agincourt, from the English viewpoint, was only the first step in the campaign to recover the French possessions that Henry felt belonged to the English crown. Agincourt also held out the promise that Henry's pretensions to
9010-520: The region eventually ceased to exist. This marked the end of England's sustained military success in the Hundred Years' War , with all their historic possessions and land in France being lost, with the exception of the Pale of Calais , which remained England's only foothold in the continent until it was lost in 1558 . The loss of land in France was a major contributing factor in causing Henry V's heirs and relatives to descend into civil strife and quarrel over
9116-445: The sole governing force of England and its possessions in France until Henry VI came of age in 1437. Although for a time this largely proved to be a success, with England achieving their greatest territorial extent in France under the command of Bedford, the later reign of Henry VI saw the majority of the territories held by the English lost or returned to the French, through reconquest or diplomatic secession; English military power in
9222-558: The succession of the English crown in ensuing decades, culminating in the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487) between Henry V's descendants, the House of Lancaster , and its rival, the House of York . Henry V is remembered by both his countrymen and his foes as a capable military commander during the war against France and is one of the most renowned monarchs in English and British history. He is largely seen as
9328-406: The summer of 1422 was extremely hot. He was struck down again, with a debilitating fever, possibly heatstroke or a relapse of his previous illness. Whatever the cause or causes, he would not recover from this final bout of illness. For a few short weeks he was carried around in a litter, and his enemies having retreated, he decided to return to Paris. One story has him trying, one last time, to mount
9434-523: The support the French had lent to Owain Glyndŵr were used as an excuse for war, while the disordered state of France afforded no security for peace. King Charles VI of France was prone to mental illness ; at times he thought he was made of glass, and his eldest surviving son, Louis, Duke of Guyenne , was an unpromising prospect. However, it was the old dynastic claim to the throne of France , first pursued by Edward III of England , that justified war with France in English opinion. Henry may have regarded
9540-495: The throne, and Henry was recalled from Ireland into prominence as heir apparent to the Kingdom of England . He was created Prince of Wales at his father's coronation and Duke of Lancaster on 10 November 1399, the third person to hold the title that year. His other titles were Duke of Cornwall , Earl of Chester and Duke of Aquitaine . A contemporary record notes that in 1399, Henry spent time at The Queen's College, Oxford , under
9646-510: The tradition, individuals grouped together to form Sidmouth FolkWeek Productions, a limited company. Since the change of format, the event has been held on a smaller scale, with no arena at the Knowle, though marquees are still erected in the Blackmore Gardens and The Ham at the eastern end of the town. The popular late-night extra feature is also run at Bulverton on the edge of Sidmouth next to
9752-520: The two nations, and though Henry had a claim to the French throne, through his great–grandfather King Edward III by his mother's side, the French ultimately rejected this claim as its nobles pointed out that under the Salic law of the Franks , women were forbidden from inheriting the throne. Thus the throne went to a distant male relative of a cadet branch of the House of Capet , Philip VI of France , resulting in
9858-539: The two. After his father's death in March 1413, Henry ascended to the throne of England and assumed complete control of the country, also reviving the historic English claim to the French throne . In 1415, Henry followed in the wake of his great-grandfather, Edward III , by renewing the Hundred Years' War with France , beginning the Lancastrian phase of the conflict (1415–1453) . His first military campaign included capturing
9964-731: The walls of Paris. The intrigues of the French parties culminated in the assassination of John the Fearless , Duke of Burgundy , by the Dauphin Charles 's partisans at Montereau-Fault-Yonne on 10 September. Philip the Good , the new duke, and the French court threw themselves into Henry's arms. After six months of negotiation, the Treaty of Troyes recognised Henry as the heir and regent of France. On 2 June 1420 at Troyes Cathedral , Henry married Catherine, daughter of Charles VI. They had only one son, Henry , born on 6 December 1421 at Windsor Castle . From June to July 1420, Henry V's army besieged and took
10070-675: The west and Salcombe Hill to the east. It is surrounded by the East Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is on the Jurassic Coast , a World Heritage Site , and the South West Coast Path . The red-coloured rock indicates the arid conditions of the Triassic geological period. Erosion of the cliffs to the east of the river mouth threatens homes and the coastal footpath, and is a serious concern. The wide esplanade has been
10176-505: The women and children of the town, forced them out through the gates believing that Henry would allow them to pass through his army unmolested. However, Henry refused to allow this, and the expelled women and children died of starvation in the ditches surrounding the town. The French were paralysed by the disputes between the Burgundians and the Armagnacs . Henry skillfully played one against
10282-579: The young Prince Henry gained military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr , and against the powerful Percy family of Northumberland . He played a central part at the Battle of Shrewsbury despite being just sixteen years of age. As he entered adulthood, Henry played an increasingly central role in England's government due to the declining health of his father, but disagreements between Henry and his father led to political conflict between
10388-403: Was admired even by contemporary French chroniclers. However, his occasionally cruel temperament and lack of focus regarding domestic affairs have made him the subject of criticism. Nonetheless, Adrian Hastings believes his militaristic pursuits during the Hundred Years' War fostered a strong sense of English nationalism and set the stage for the rise of England (later Britain ) to prominence as
10494-419: Was also in command of part of the English forces. He led his own army into Wales against Owain Glyndŵr and joined forces with his father to fight Henry "Hotspur" Percy at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403. It was there that the 16-year-old prince was almost killed by an arrow in his left cheekbone. An ordinary soldier might have died from such a wound, but Henry had the benefit of the best possible care. Over
10600-521: Was defeated the following day after the gruelling seven-hour Battle of the Seine and Harfleur was relieved. Diplomacy successfully detached Emperor Sigismund from supporting France, and the Treaty of Canterbury — also signed in August 1416 — confirmed a short-lived alliance between England and the Holy Roman Empire. With those two potential enemies gone, and after two years of patient preparation following
10706-535: Was discovered that an unusually large 64-metre (210 ft) fatberg was constricting the sewers. A team of scientists from the University of Exeter studied it and attributed it to the ageing population and its food habits. It was removed and turned into energy at a local power plant. Sidmouth is twinned with Le Locle in Switzerland. The Esplanade is the sea front road from the red cliffs of Salcombe Hill in
10812-562: Was first related by Sir Thomas Elyot in 1531. The story of Falstaff originated in Henry's early friendship with Sir John Oldcastle , a supporter of the Lollards . Shakespeare's Falstaff was originally named "Oldcastle", following his main source, The Famous Victories of Henry V . Oldcastle's descendants objected, and the name was changed (the character became a composite of several real persons, including Sir John Fastolf ). That friendship, and
10918-414: Was greeted by elaborate displays and with choirs following his passage to St.Paul's Cathedral . Most importantly, the victory at Agincourt inspired and boosted the English morale, while it caused a heavy blow to the French as it further aided the English in their conquest of Normandy and much of northern France by 1419. The French, especially the nobility, who by this stage were weakened and exhausted by
11024-402: Was marked by a terrible snowstorm, but the common people were undecided as to whether it was a good or bad omen. Henry was described as having been "very tall (6 feet 3 inches), slim, with dark hair cropped in a ring above the ears, and clean-shaven". His complexion was ruddy, his face lean with a prominent and pointed nose. Depending on his mood, his eyes "flashed from the mildness of a dove's to
11130-601: Was part of the manor of Otterton , was gifted by Gytha Thorkelsdóttir (the mother of King Harold Godwinson ) to the Benedictines at Mont-Saint-Michel . Sidmouth appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Sedemuda , meaning "mouth of the Sid ". Like many such settlements, it was originally a fishing village. By the 1200s, Sidmouth had expanded to become a market town of similar size to Sidbury and generating more income for
11236-566: Was the Southampton Plot in favour of Mortimer, involving Henry, Baron Scrope , and Richard, Earl of Cambridge (grandfather of the future King Edward IV ), in July 1415. Mortimer himself remained loyal to the King. Starting in August 1417, Henry promoted the use of the English language in government and his reign marks the appearance of Chancery Standard English as well as the adoption of English as
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