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86-474: The municipality was created by a royal decree that took effect on 29 November 1936 and was then named Khu Khan after the province. The municipality covered the subdistricts of Mueang Nuea and Mueang Tai, with the area of 3.26 km. On 6 March 1939, the municipality was renamed Sisaket , following the renaming of the province the year before. On 12 March 1987, the municipality was extended to parts of Cham, Nong Khrok, Pho, Phon kha, and Ya Plong Subdistricts, with

172-425: A gold standard . From 1856 to 1864, the values of certain foreign silver coins were fixed by law, with 5 baht = 3 Spanish dollar = 7 Indian rupees . Before 1880 the exchange rate was fixed at 8 baht per pound sterling , falling to 10 to the pound during the 1880s. In 1902, the government began to increase the value of the baht by following all increases in the value of silver against gold but not reducing it when

258-413: A tonne of freight by rail costs 0.93 baht per kilometre compared with 1.72 baht by road, but 86 percent of Thailand's freight moves by road and only 2 percent by rail. Completed double tracking projects: Phase one of the project includes five sections of double-track railway with remaining two projects under construction: Cabinet approval is expected to allow the signing of contracts for phase two of

344-463: A traditional system of units related by simple fractions and multiples, one of which is the baht . These are listed in the following table: Though the coins themselves have names like: solot , siao , sik , etc, the formal division of the Thai baht (tical) is 1 baht = 8 fueang = 64 at . This means that one baht is divided into eight fueang , and each one fueang is divided into 8 at . Currently,

430-533: A 722-km route to Lamphun Province in the north of the country, and a 433-km route to Khon Kaen in the northeast. SRT also operates special services aimed at tourists, such as the SRT Royal Blossom train, SRT KiHa 183 Excursions, steam train services and weekend Nam Tok Sai Yok Noi and Suan Son Pradipat province. Most of these special services feature special trains, and are priced at a premium, with added services. Refurbished old KiHa 183 trains debuted on

516-564: A Royal Treasury Ministry advisor proposed that the Siamese baht followed the issuances of banknotes followed the British standard. The banknote department was established quickly thereafter. The main characteristic of this series was that the notes were one-sided and multilingual, containing Chinese , Malay (in Jawi script ), and Latin scripts. It was also the last series to use the term "tical" to refer to

602-402: A chang, the other name is ekkang, or one thai tamlueng. The tot means ten, as in 1/10 of a chang . The coin was also called thukkang , which means two tamlueng . In the lower denominations materials such as tin , copper and brass are used, since these are quite low value. The first series to depict king Rama V, the coins of this issue were made of copper, silver, and gold. Though gold

688-492: A dual purpose: it authenticated the money and allowed for the quality of the silver to be tested. Over time, as the Sukhothai Kingdom declined and became a vassal state of Ayutthaya—which was established as the capital in 1350—the design of photduang evolved. The coins became rounder with shorter legs, and the central hole, while still present, grew smaller. By the end of this era, the hole disappeared completely. The cuts on

774-488: A few computer fonts have any content for this codepoint and its use is deprecated. (The Japanese for "baht" is バ ーツ ( bā tsu ). However, the reference glyph ⟨㌬⟩ and the character name correspond to パ ーツ ( pā tsu , from English "parts"). ) Before decimalization, the Siamese government employed Chinese , Latin , Jawi ( Malay ), Devanagari , Khmer and Khom , Lanna , and Burmese scripts  in banknotes and coins, as seen. The reason

860-562: A line branches to connect with the Malaysian railway at Padang Besar and the mainline continues to Su-ngai Kolok passing through Yala Province . The Eastern Line begins at Bangkok before heading through Chachoengsao , Prachinburi to terminate at Aranyaprathet in Sa Kaew Province , 255 kilometers from Bangkok. There is a reopened rail link to Cambodia from Aranyaprathet. A branch line also connects Khlong Sip Kao Junction to

946-481: A minimum of 10 billion baht. In 2018 and 2019, the SRT lost 12 and 17 billion baht respectively. As of 2021 the SRT has debts amounting to nearly 190 billion baht. The SRT consistently operates at a loss despite being endowed with large amounts of property—the SRT is one of Thailand's largest land holders, owning an estimated 39,840 hectares — and receiving large government subsidies. SRT's latest property development scheme

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1032-590: A new coinage was introduced, consisting of aluminium 1, 5 and 10 satang, aluminium bronze 25 and 50 satang, cupronickel 1 baht, cupronickel-clad copper 5 baht and bimetallic 10 baht. Cupronickel-clad steel 2 baht were introduced in 2005. The current coin series is the 14th issue. In 2008, in the 13th issue, the Ministry of Finance and the Royal Thai Mint announced the 2009 coin series, which included changes in materials to reduce production costs as well as an update of

1118-462: A new family of banknotes featuring a portrait of the current King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X). The main colors and dimensions of the notes are the same as before, with the back designs featuring images of the Kings of Thailand from past to present. The 20, 50 and 100 baht banknotes were issued on Chakri Memorial Day, April 6, 2018. The final two denominations, 500 and 1,000 baht were issued on the anniversary of

1204-533: A series of silver coins was introduced in denominations of 5, 10, and 20 satang, due to a shortage of nickel caused by World War II . The next year, tin coins were introduced for 1, 5, and 10 satang, followed by 20 satang in 1945 and 25 and 50 satang in 1946. In 1950, aluminium bronze 5, 10, 25, and 50 satang were introduced whilst, in 1957, bronze 5 and 10 satang were issued, along with 1-baht coins struck in an unusual alloy of copper, nickel, silver and zinc. Several Thai coins were issued for many years without changing

1290-457: A spoked wheel symbolizing the "Wheel of Law" from Buddhist teachings or the Chakra (Vishnu's weapon), represented by a pattern of 8 dots surrounding a central dot. The king's personal mark varied with each ruler and included symbols such as a conch shell, a Garuda bird ( khrut ), an elephant, and an anchor, each symbolizing different aspects of the king's reign or divine associations. *continues in

1376-569: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . State Railway of Thailand#Northeastern Line The State Railway of Thailand (SRT) ( Thai : การรถไฟแห่งประเทศไทย , abbrev. รฟท., RTGS :  kan rot fai haeng prathet thai ) is the state-owned rail operator under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transport in Thailand . The SRT was founded as the Royal State Railways of Siam (RSR) in 1890. King Chulalongkorn ordered

1462-614: Is a westerly branch towards Khiri Rat Nikhom while the main line continues south to Thung Song Junction in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province where another branch reaches Kantang in Trang Province . Not far away, another branch separates off the mainline at Khao Chum Thong Junction . The main line from Nakhon Sri Thammarat continues through Phatthalung before reaching Hat Yai Junction in Songkhla Province . From here,

1548-668: Is also a branch off the mainline from Ban Dara Junction to Sawankhalok in Sukhothai Province . The Northeastern Line begins on the same route as the Northern Line, splitting at Ban Phachi Junction towards Nakhon Ratchasima . Then at Thanon Chira Junction , the line splits with one route passing Khon Kaen and Udon Thani before terminating at Nong Khai 624 kilometers (388 mi) from Bangkok. The other route passes through Buriram , Surin , Sisaket to reach Ubon Ratchathani , 575 km (357 mi) from Bangkok. There

1634-1100: Is also another branch route originating from Kaeng Khoi Junction in Saraburi Province passing through Chai Badan District in Lopburi Province and Chatturat District in Chaiyaphum Province , before joining the mainline heading towards Nong Khai at Bua Yai Junction in Nakhon Ratchasima Province . The Southern Line begins in Bangkok and heads west towards Nakhon Pathom before splitting into three different routes. One route heads west to Kanchanaburi Province (210 km (130 mi)) while another heads north towards Suphan Buri (157 km (98 mi)). The Southern Line itself continues southbound through Ratchaburi , Phetchaburi , Hua Hin , Prachuap Khiri Khan Province , Chumphon , to Surat Thani 678 kilometers (421 mi) distant. From Surat Thani, there

1720-536: Is cheaper—only roughly half the cost of road transport —safer, and more environmentally-friendly than road transport, accounted for only 1.4 percent of freight tonnage carried in 2015. SRT aims to boost its share of cargo transport to six percent with its rail duplication by 2022. Expansion of SRT's freight service, which could earn more money than the heavily subsidized passenger service, has been neglected for decades in favour of Thailand's roads. The SRT's poor financial performance and resistance to reform, coupled with

1806-467: Is expected to double by 2032, when the network grows to 6,463 km (4,016 mi) to serve 61 provinces. The SRT has suffered a loss every year since it was turned into a state-owned enterprise under the Transport Ministry in 1951. As the worst financially performing state enterprise, it reported a preliminary loss of 7.58 billion baht in 2010. In the fiscal year ending 30 September 2016,

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1892-506: Is not clear, though it is a common understanding that it is to ease the facilicitation of trade within Siam. It could also be the case that at the time, the capital, Bangkok (Phra Nakhon) was still a multi-cultural city, so as to be more inclusive, the government added various other language onto the currency - though by the second series after the decimalization in the 1900s, the currency was all but monolingual. 圓 ; yuán ( บาท ): This character

1978-416: Is possible for freight trains to travel between Thailand and the neighboring countries (Malaysia and Laos), the amount of international rail freight presently constitutes only a minuscule portion of Thailand's foreign trade. In 2012, merely 95 thousand tons of export cargo left Thailand by rail, as compared to 12 million tons of cargo exported by road, and 114 million tons of cargo exported by ship. For import,

2064-545: Is seen as an indicator of efficient management. SRT's budget from government for FY2020 was 13,574.9 million baht, increased from 9,087 million baht in FY2019. "If you look at the SRT they are a bit like a patient in [intensive care] and everyone is saying to him 'you are the future' and trying to kick him out of bed when he is still moaning and groaning," said Ruth Banomyong, a logistics and transport expert at Thammasat University . The SRT annual operating losses are estimated at

2150-671: Is significantly below market rate. Under the auspices of the Transport Ministry, the SRT has submitted a rehabilitation plan that will be presented to the State Enterprise Policy Commission on 30 July 2018. The commission, chaired by Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha is expected to approve the plan. The plan calls for SRT to become the largest railway state enterprise in ASEAN . By 2027, anticipating income growth from asset management and cost management, SRT foresees profits of over 20 billion baht. Hopewell Holdings of Hong Kong

2236-602: Is the Chao Phraya Gateway project. It capitalises on SRT's 277 rai , 1.16 kilometre stretch of land on the river in the Khlong Toei District . The SRT hopes the project will help clear its 100 billion baht debt. The project is projected to break even within eight years and deliver profits of 140 billion baht. As of April 2019 , SRT's plans are being submitted to the Transport Ministry for approval. SRT's failings are reflected in passenger numbers, which, according to

2322-457: Is the official currency of Thailand . It is divided into 100 satang ( สตางค์ , pronounced [sà.tāːŋ] ). Prior to decimalisation , the baht was divided into eight fueang ( เฟื้อง , pronounced [fɯá̯ŋ] ), each of eight at ( อัฐ , pronounced [ʔat̚] ). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand . SWIFT ranked the Thai baht as

2408-719: Is the terminus of all Eastern line services and commuter services from Bangkok on the Northern, Northeastern and Southern lines. Phahonyothin and Ladkrabang Inland Container Depot (ICD) are the main freight terminals. The Northern Line runs alongside the Northeastern Line until the Ban Phachi Junction . There, it splits from the Northeastern Line and proceeds through Lopburi , Nakhon Sawan , Phichit , Phitsanulok , Denchai , Lampang , Lamphun , before finally reaching Chiang Mai , 751 km (467 mi) from Bangkok . There

2494-583: The Asian financial crisis of 1997, resulted in stringent restraints being placed on SRT staffing. In July 1998, the Thai cabinet issued an order that the SRT could only hire five new employees for every 100 retirees. As of 2018 , the order remains in effect. SRT officials estimated in 2017 that the enterprise needed to boost staff by 20 percent to 12,000. In 2018 SRT claims that it needs 18,015 employees to operate efficiently, but only has 10,035 on staff. The train maintenance workforce has dwindled to 500 from 3,000 over

2580-664: The Eastern and Oriental Express on their tracks which runs from Singapore to Bangkok and vice versa, although trips in 2024 did not enter Thailand. A link across the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge to Thanaleng railway station , near Vientiane , opened in March 2009. In December 2010, following Chinese plans to extend their standard-gauge railway network to Xishuangbanna on the China–Laos border and further into Laos,

2666-546: The Economist Intelligence Unit have dropped from 88 million in 1994 to 44 million in 2014, and 26 million in 2020. The SRT has long been popularly perceived by the public as inefficient and resistant to change. Trains are usually late, and most of its equipment is old and poorly maintained. Although SRT's operational costs amount to two baht per kilometre traveled, SRT fares defray only a fraction of that cost. SRT has not been permitted to hike fares since 1985 which

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2752-403: The 1 solot and 1 at in 1874, with copper 4 at introduced in 1876. The last gold coins were struck in 1895. The first issue of coins were commissioned by Rama IV, though it was never brought into circulation. This was one of the first attempt to replace the bullet coins, but few were ever minted without making it into circulation. The first circulating issue of the Siamese coins. This marked

2838-518: The 10th-most-frequently used world payment currency as of December 2023. The Thai baht, like the pound , originated from a traditional unit of mass . Its currency value was originally expressed as that of silver of corresponding weight (now defined as 15 grams), and was in use probably as early as the Sukhothai period in the form of bullet coins known in Thai as photduang . These were pieces of solid silver cast to various weights corresponding to

2924-469: The Bank of Thailand announced a new family of banknotes in remembrance of the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). The notes are the same size and dimensions as the "Series 16" banknotes, with the front designs as before, but the back designs featuring images of the king's life in infancy, adolescence and maturity. The new family of banknotes were issued on September 20. In 2018, the Bank of Thailand announced

3010-506: The Currency Act, B.E. 2501. For a time, the baht symbol was appropriated by some as a symbol for Bitcoin , a cryptocurrency . Following representations, a separate code point ( U+20BF ₿ BITCOIN SIGN , a latin letter B with two vertical strokes) was allocated in Unicode version 10.0. In Unicode 1.0, two codepoints were allocated to the baht, one as the currency symbol in

3096-583: The Department of Railways to be set up under the Department of Public Works and Town and Country Planning. Construction of the Bangkok - Ayutthaya railway (71 km or 44 mi), the first part of the Northern Line, was started in 1890 and inaugurated on 26 March 1897. The Thon Buri - Phetchaburi line (150 km or 93 mi), later the Southern Line, was opened on 19 June 1903. The first railway commander of

3182-624: The Lao National Railway. The rail link to Cambodia via Poipet from the railhead at Aranyaprathet was constructed in 1941, but was closed in 1961 due to strained Thai-Cambodian relations during the Cold War. The rail connection was repaired and reopened in April 2019. Cross-border services briefly ran until it was suspended by the outbreak of COVID-19 . Currently, no cross-border services operate. Railway connections to Myanmar (Burma), notably

3268-536: The Northeastern Line at Kaeng Khoi Junction . At Chachoengsao Junction , there is another branch to Sattahip . Along the route to Sattahip, at Si Racha Junction , there is yet another branch towards Laem Chabang Deep Sea Port and further at Khao Chi Chan Junction for Map Ta Phut Port, in Rayong . As of January 2023, all services terminate at Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) station. No services run to Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal. The Maeklong Railway , also operated by

3354-534: The RSR was Prince Purachatra Jayakara , Prince of Kamphaengphet. The Northern Line was originally built as 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge , but in September 1919 it was decided to standardize on 1,000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) meter gauge and the Northern Line was regauged over the next ten years. On 1 July 1951, RSR changed its name to

3440-912: The Royal Thai Mint and the Ministry of Finance issued a new series of general circulation coins, featuring the same standard specifications, but feature a portrait of its current king, Vajiralongkorn . In February 2010 the Treasury Department of Thailand stated that it has been planning a new circulation 20-baht coin. In 1851, the government issued notes for 1 ⁄ 8 , 1 ⁄ 4 , 3 ⁄ 8 , 1 ⁄ 2 and 1 tical, followed by 3, 4, 6 and 10 tamlueng in 1853. After 1857, notes for 20 and 40 ticals were issued, also bearing their values in Straits dollars and Indian rupees . Undated notes were also issued before 1868 for 5, 7, 8, 12 and 15 tamlueng, and 1 chang. One at notes were issued in 1874. In 1892,

3526-516: The SRT Board approved the addition of 1,330 new workers to bring the workforce to 15,550, still fewer than needed to address staff shortages. As of 2020 , SRT employed 9,204 employees and 3,721 yearly staffs totaling 12,925 while employment quotas respectively was 18,015 and 4,056 totaling 22,071. To address a long list of complaints accusing SRT of a lack of transparency in bids for projects and procurement deals, Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha fired

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3612-630: The SRT Light Red Line. The Red Line project is a new commuter rail system also owned by the SRT and will replace portions of rail lines running through Bangkok, eliminating at-grade crossings. Currently, two lines operate: the Dark Red Line and the Light Red Line . Thai railways transported around 11 million tons of freight per year in 2007–2012, which was around 2% of the total amount of freight moved by all modes of transportation. While it

3698-537: The SRT network, gifted by the JR Hokkaido Railway Company , are now some of the most popular excursion train services, providing day and overnight tours to different provinces such as Ayutthaya, Hua Hin, Chacheongsao, Nakhon Nayok and Nam Tok Sai Yok Noi. Use Caterpillar C175-16 ACERT engines Used for special services only. (only 953 in use) (only 824 and 850 in use) (only 713 and 715 in use) In 2018, 91% of Thailand's 4,044 km rail network

3784-745: The SRT, is independent of the national rail network and is split into two sections. The line begins at Wongwian Yai in Bangkok before terminating at the Mahachai station in Samut Sakhon , where a ferry is used by passengers to cross the Tha Chin River . The line starts again across the river at Ban Laem and continues until the Mae Klong station of Samut Songkhram . SRT operates different types of rail services, each with different service patterns as outlined below: SRT operates long-distance passenger services on

3870-513: The Sukhothai era, some coins bore no marks, while others had up to 11. This variation was because, at that time, individuals and merchants could produce their own money. However, from the Ayutthaya period onward, the production of photduang was monopolized by the government, making it easier to identify coins from each era. Ayutthaya photduang typically bore two marks: the dynasty mark, which could be

3956-471: The Thai baht do not employ the at as a subunit, but the at is the current subunit of the Lao kip . This predecimal system was in use up until 1897, when the decimal system devised by Prince Jayanta Mongkol , in which one baht = 100 satang, was introduced by his half-brother King Chulalongkorn along with the demonetization of silver bullet coins on 28 October 1904 after the end of silver bullet coin production by

4042-466: The Thai baht, and the largest in term of size of circulated notes. Series 2 banknotes were produced by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited. Series 3 type 1 banknotes were produced by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited. This series was actually delayed due to the Siamese revolution to abolish the absolute monarchy and transform it into a constitutional monarchy. The issuance was supposed to happen in

4128-520: The Thai government agreed to start negotiations on building a standard-gauge network. This would initially involve two lines: from Bangkok to the Lao border, and a longer line from Bangkok along the peninsula to the Malay border. In 2024, long distance overnight train services between Bangkok and Vientiane Khamsavath railway station were started. Shuttle trains to Udon Thani are also being operated in conjunction with

4214-516: The Thai range and one in the CJK Compatibility block as a square version of the Japanese word for "baht", written in katakana script. The CJK codepoint, U+332C ㌬ SQUARE PAATU , is documented in subsequent versions of the standard as "a mistaken, unused representation" and users are directed to U+0E3F ฿ THAI CURRENCY SYMBOL BAHT instead. Consequently, only

4300-507: The baht being in the middle. In summary, 64 at = 1 baht = 1/80 chang . In reality, this was just a simplification of the old system, which was scrapped. In which, during the period of 1902–1908, Siam went back to the old system. Though in comparison, at is used as the subunit in Laos, compared to the satang in the Thai baht. The second attempt came at the end of Rama V's reign, where it was more widely accepted and put into effective use. In 1897,

4386-559: The baht was pegged to the US dollar at an exchange rate of 20.8 baht = one dollar and at 20 baht = 1 dollar until 1978. A strengthening US economy caused Thailand to re-peg its currency at 25 to the dollar from 1984 until 2 July 1997, when the country was affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis . The baht was floated and halved in value, reaching its lowest rate of 56 to the dollar in January 1998. It rose to 30 per dollar in January 2021. The baht

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4472-464: The birth of King Maha Vajiralongkorn, July 28, 2018. The characteristic of the banknotes of this era was that there were no series issued at the same time, rather they were issued sporadically and had multiple banks producing their own banknotes. Series 1 was chosen due to the series which precedes this were non-decimal. Series 1 banknotes was the first series to be produced by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited. In 1900, Charles James Rivett Carnac,

4558-540: The coin section* Rama III (1824–1851) was the first king to consider the use of a flat coin. He did so not for the convenience of traders, but because he was disturbed that the creatures living in the cowrie shells were killed. When he learned of the use of flat copper coins in Singapore in 1835, he contacted a Scottish trader, who had two types of experimental coins struck in England. The king rejected both designs. The name of

4644-428: The country put on these first coins was Muang Thai , not Siam . In 1860, modern-style coins were introduced. These were silver 1 sik ; 1 fueang ; 1 and 2 salueng ; 1, 2, and 4 baht; with the baht weighing 15.244 grams and the others weight-related. Tin 1 solot and 1 at followed in 1862, with gold 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 4, and 8 baht introduced in 1863 and copper 2 and 4 at in 1865. Copper replaced tin in

4730-466: The date. These include the tin 1942 1 satang and the 1950 5 and 10 satang, struck until 1973, the tin 1946 25 satang struck until 1964, the tin 50 satang struck until 1957, and the aluminium bronze 1957 5, 10, 25, and 50 satang struck until the 1970s. Cupronickel 1-baht coins were introduced in 1962 and struck without date change until 1982. In 1972, cupronickel 5-baht coins were introduced, switching to cupronickel-clad copper in 1977. Between 1986 and 1988,

4816-444: The day of travel at the station. Since May 2024, a waiting list function has been added, allowing registered users to wait for available tickets if they have been sold out. The SRT operates all of Thailand's national rail lines. As of 2023, Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal is the main terminus of all long-distance services from Bangkok on the Northern, Northeastern and Southern lines, while Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) railway station

4902-530: The denomination in both Arabic and Thai numerals without English text; English speakers continued to refer to these as "ticals". On 27 July 2010, the Bank of Thailand announced that the 16th-series banknotes would enter circulation in December 2010. On 9 August 2012, the Bank of Thailand issued a new denomination banknote, 80 baht, to commemorate queen Sirikit's 80th birthday. It was the first Thai banknote that featured Crane's MOTION security thread. In 2017,

4988-522: The early 1930s. Series 3 type 2 banknotes were produced by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited. It was the first series to hold King Rama VIII 's portrait, which replaced King Rama VII 's portrait in the type 1. Series 4 type 1 banknotes were produced by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited. Series 4 type 2 banknotes were produced by Royal Thai Survey Department and the Naval Hydrographic Department. During World War II , Thailand

5074-518: The elliptical nick, whereas the Rattanakosin coins reintroduced this feature, similar to the Ayutthaya coins. Photduang from these later periods typically featured two stamped marks: the dynasty mark on top and the king's personal mark on the front part. The dynasty mark often symbolized the kingdom's ruling dynasty, while the king's personal mark represented the reigning monarch. The markings on photduang coins varied across different periods. During

5160-484: The first coins denominated in satang were introduced, cupronickel 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 5, 10, and 20 satang. However, 1 solot , 1, and 2 at coins were struck until 1905 and 1 fueang coins were struck until 1910. In 1908, holed 1, 5, and 10 satang coins were introduced, with the 1 satang in bronze and the 5 and 10 satang in nickel. The 1 and 2 salueng were replaced by 25 and 50 satang coins in 1915. In 1937, holed, bronze 1 ⁄ 2 satang were issued. In 1941,

5246-556: The following lines: Until 2016, SRT operated international services to Butterworth in Penang , Malaysia , in conjunction with Malaysian state operator KTM . Direct trains from Bangkok now only run as far as Padang Besar , due to the opening of KTM ETS . Since 2021, there 3 return trains operate from Hat Yai Junction and terminate at Padang Besar across the Malaysia–Thailand border . SRT has also historically allowed operation of

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5332-615: The governor and board of the State Railway of Thailand in February 2017, using his special powers under Section 44 of the interim constitution. Since 1 February 2017, Tickets can be purchased online , in person, as well was on the phone by dialling 1690. Since 1 February 2024, all long distance special express and express train tickets open up 90 days in advance. Most other tickets can only be bought up to 30 days in advance. For local ordinary and commuter trains, they only can be bought on

5418-562: The image on the obverse to a more recent portrait of the king. The two-baht coin, confusingly similar in color and size to the one-baht coin, was changed from nickel-clad low-carbon steel to aluminium bronze. New two-baht coin was the first of the new series released on 3 February 2009, followed by the satang coins in April, a five-baht coin in May, a ten-baht coin in June, and a one-baht coin in July 2009. In 2018,

5504-419: The infamous Death Railway , are defunct. The SRT operates commuter rail services from Bangkok along the Northern and Northeastern Lines up to Ayutthaya, Ban Phachi Junction, Lopburi and Kaeng Khoi Junction. Ten trains run along the route on a daily basis. A new service serving between Thon Buri and Salaya was launched on 22 October 2010, extending to Nakhon Pathom on 1 June 2022 to act as a feeder service for

5590-417: The legs also reduced in size and were eventually replaced by a small elliptical nick, known as "Met Kao San," on one side of the coin. The Thonburi period (1767–1782) and the Rattanakosin period, beginning in 1782, adopted the photduang design from the late Ayutthaya period. The coins from these periods had no central hole, and the legs were even shorter. A key difference was that Thonburi photduang lacked

5676-473: The military government budgeted 7,600 million baht for SRT infrastructure investments to be used for track duplication, an extension of Bangkok's elevated railway, and construction of bridges, fences, and track improvements, however, the SRT had managed to disburse only 53 percent of its allotted investment budget of 60 billion baht, compared with an average disbursement rate of 80 percent by Thailand's other 55 state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Disbursement rate

5762-400: The nation's freight transportation market, in 2016 the SRT, in a joint project with Japan, started experimenting with small, 12-foot containers. It is thought that, being smaller than the standard 20-foot containers, these containers can be more easily transported by truck between a rail station and the end customer. These containers are being tried on two routes from Bangkok's Bang Sue station:

5848-898: The notation can write like such: 方銭參圓壹 for one baht, three salueng, and one fueang. Cowrie shells from the Mekong River had been used as currency for small amounts since the Sukhothai period. Before 1860, Thailand did not produce coins using modern methods. Instead, a so-called "bullet" coinage was used, consisting of bars of metal, thicker in the middle, bent round to form a complete circle on which identifying marks were stamped. Denominations issued included 1 ⁄ 128 , 1 ⁄ 64 , 1 ⁄ 32 , 1 ⁄ 16 , 1 ⁄ 8 , 1 ⁄ 2 , 1, 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 2, 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 4, 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 8, 10, 20, 40 and 80 baht in silver and 1 ⁄ 32 , 1 ⁄ 16 , 1 ⁄ 8 , 1 ⁄ 2 , 1, 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 2 and 4 baht in gold. One gold baht

5934-402: The opening of Sitthikarn Royal Mint in 1857. However, coins denominated in the old units were issued until 1910, and the amount of 25 satang is still commonly referred to as a salueng , as is the 25-satang coin. Until 27 November 1902, the baht was fixed on a purely silver basis, with 15 grams of silver to the baht. This caused the value of the currency to vary relative to currencies on

6020-579: The past 30 years. To make up the shortfall, the SRT hires around 4,000 "yearly staffs", usually on daily wages of 300 baht. It has also caused the SRT to pay massive amounts of overtime pay to current employees. For example, one station master in Pattani was paid 61,210 baht in monthly salary, but also an additional 102,271 baht in overtime pay. As of 2020 , the staff employment quota was 4,056 but SRT hired 3,721 staffs. As of July 2019 , SRT employed 10,292 employees and 3,928 yearly staffs, totaling 14,220 while

6106-716: The present State Railway of Thailand, which has the status of a state enterprise agency. On 7 April 2020, the Thai cabinet named Nirut Maneephan as the new chief of the SRT, the 29th governor in its history. As of 2020 SRT had 4,044 km (2,513 mi) of track, all of it meter gauge except the Airport Link . Nearly 91% was single-track railway (3,685 km (2,290 mi)) while 6%, mainly important sections around Bangkok, were double-track railway (251 km or 156 mi) and 3% were triple-track railway (107 km or 66 mi). The network serves 47 provinces and around 35 million passengers annually. The passenger count

6192-473: The rail transport's share was even smaller. Thai railways transport both bulk freight (primarily oil products and construction materials) and containerized freight. Most of the freight movement is between Bangkok and sea ports (in particular, between the deepwater port of Laem Chabang and the container terminal in Lad Krabang , in Bangkok's eastern suburbs). In an attempt to increase the railway's share of

6278-407: The silver price fell. Beginning at 21.75 baht per pound sterling , the currency rose in value until, in 1908, a fixed peg to the British pound sterling was established of 13 baht per pound. This was revised to 12 baht in 1919 and then, after a period of instability, to 11 baht in 1923. During World War II , the baht was fixed at a value of one Japanese yen on 22 April 1942. From 1956 until 1973,

6364-457: The start of the move away from using photduang currency. Though in this era, the photduang were still legal tender. In this series, the lower denominations were made of silver, and the higher ones were made of gold. These higher denominations were given nicknames: pot dueng , pit , and tot . Pot dueng means thirty two, as in 1/32 of a chang . The other nickname was the chinkang or one Chinese tamlueng . The pit means twenty, as in 1/20 of

6450-558: The total area of 36.66 km. Sisaket is on the northeastern railway line from Bangkok's central station, Hua Lamphong Railway Station to Warin Chamrap District , and also has frequent service to and from Bangkok's Northern Bus Terminal (Mo Chit Mai), with bus connections to all the northern and northeastern provinces. 15°06′25″N 104°19′46″E  /  15.10694°N 104.32944°E  / 15.10694; 104.32944 This Sisaket Province location article

6536-418: The track duplication project by March 2018. The second phase will add a second track to 2,217 km of single track over nine rail links at a cost of 398 billion baht. Government plans call for an overall investment of 600 billion baht to create 2,588 km of double-track railway. Thai baht The baht ( / b ɑː t / ; Thai : บาท , pronounced [bàːt] ; sign : ฿ ; code : THB )

6622-533: The treasury issued notes for 1, 5, 10, 40, 80, 100, 400 and 800 ticals, called "baht" in the Thai text. On 10 September 1902, the government introduced notes which were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, England , during the reigns of Kings Rama V and Rama VI , denominated 5, 10, 20, 100 and 1000 ticals, still called baht in the Thai text — each denomination having many types, with 1 and 50 tical notes following in 1918. In 1925, notes were issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 and 1,000 baht with

6708-437: Was a single-track railway . A government initiative to move air and road transport to rail passed a major milestone on 28 December 2017 when the SRT signed nine contracts costing 69.5 billion baht with private contractors to complete track duplication on 702 km of the SRT network. The government's aim is to reduce the nation's logistical overhead, some 1.75 trillion baht, by moving air and road freight to rail because moving

6794-537: Was a minor-issue, where the lesser denominations' designs were updated to incorporate the three-parted shield into the design. The decimalization of the Thai baht came about at the end of the 19th century. The minister of treasury, Jayanta Mongkol, the Prince Mahisara Rajaharudaya , suggested to King Rama V, that decimalization would make counting easier and further modernize Siam. Initially, there would be one superunit, chang , and one subunit, at . with

6880-452: Was generally worth 16 silver baht. Between 1858 and 1860, foreign trade coins were also stamped by the government for use in Thailand. Photduang , a form of currency used during the Sukhothai period, was characterized by its longer legs, which created a larger and wider hole in the middle. These coins were primarily made of silver and featured a cut across the front of each leg. This cut served

6966-447: Was in use from 1851–1908 officially on banknotes and coins to represent salueng. 方 ; fāng ( เฟื้อง ): This character was in use from 1851–1908 officially on banknotes and coins to represent fueang. The notation for these chinese character are written like they are in Thai, though there is a caveat: it is written right to left, as was the convention back then, so one baht is written 圓壹 or 銖壹 , if there are smaller units involved

7052-524: Was originally known to foreigners by the term tical , which was used in English language text on banknotes until the series 2 1925. The currency symbol for the baht is ฿ (a latin letter B with a vertical stroke). In 1986, this symbol was given a codepoint for computer use in the Thai Industrial Standard 620-2533 (Thailand's extension of ASCII ), at position 0xDF. This national standard

7138-429: Was strangely only used for the 1 fueang denomination. The new shield emblem was introduced in this issue. This shield was separated into three section. Drawing from western influences, symbols within these sections represented territories Siam was controlling. The tree-headed elephant represented Siamese territory , the bottom-left elephant represented Lan Xang , and the warangka represented Siamese Malaya. This

7224-566: Was subsequently subsumed into international standards as ISO/IEC 8859-11 ("ISO Latin-Thai"). In turn, the ISO 8859 series were transposed into the Unicode standard, where the symbol was allocated the codepoint U+0E3F ฿ THAI CURRENCY SYMBOL BAHT . The symbol is also used for the Panamanian balboa . In Thai usage, the baht ( บาท ) is legally abbreviated as บ. according to Section 7 of

7310-773: Was the lead contractor for SRT's ill-fated Bangkok Elevated Road and Train System . The project commenced in 1990 and was terminated by the Thai government in 1998, only 13% complete. Hopewell and the SRT each blamed the other for the failure of the 80 billion baht project. Both parties sued, and the case has been in litigation since its cancellation. On 23 April 2019, Thailand's Supreme Administrative Court upheld an arbitration committee's ruling in favour of Hopewell. The court ordered SRT to pay Hopewell compensation of 11.88 billion baht, plus 7.5% interest per year. The interest, totaling 13 billion baht, brings SRT's total liability to nearly 25 billion baht, payable within 180 days. Rail freight, which

7396-534: Was use during the times of Rama IV to represent baht, though this was phased out by another character which is in partially and informally used today. The only occurrence of this character was in Rama IV's banknote series. 銖 ; 铢 ; zhū ( บาท ): This character was in use from 1868–1925 officially on banknotes to represent baht. It is still in use today unofficially to refer to the Thai baht in general, as in 泰銖 or 泰铢 . 錢 ; 銭 ; qián ( สลึง ): This character

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