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73-482: It was founded in 1978 but moved to its present location in 1986. The zoo belongs to the Scenic Area Administration of Kaohsiung City now. A number of incidents in 2007 brought to light varying issues the zoo had accumulated over the years. From reports of zoo staff not knowing the species and sex of its animals to veterinarians losing limbs to a crocodile, further investigation drew forth acknowledgement of

146-492: A grazer , its staple foods include Aristida , Panicum , and Stipagrostis , and it will only consume browse, such as leaves of Acacia trees in the absence of these grasses. It also eats perennials which turn green and sprout at the slightest bit of humidity or rain. The addax eats only certain parts of the plant and tends to crop the Aristida grasses neatly to the same height. By contrast, when feeding on Panicum grass,

219-422: A 5000 BCE fossil from Gilf Kebir. Apart from these, fossils have also been excavated from Mittleres Wadi Howar (6300 BCE fossil), and Pleistocene fossils from Grotte Neandertaliens, Jebel Irhoud and Parc d'Hydra. The addax is a spiral-horned antelope. Male addaxes stand from 105 to 115 cm (41 to 45 in) at the shoulder, with females at 95 to 110 cm (37 to 43 in). They are sexually dimorphic , as

292-508: A TYR mutation is responsible for the white lion leucistic variant, a normal TYR gene was found in both white tigers and snow leopards . Instead, in white tigers, a naturally-occurring point mutation in the SLC45A2 transport protein gene was found to underlie its pigmentation. The resultant single amino acid substitution introduces an alanine residue that protrudes into the transport protein's central passageway, apparently blocking it, and by

365-456: A group of orange tigers from outcrosses which were bought by a Pakistani senator and shipped to Pakistan. Rajiv, Pretoria Zoo's white tiger, who was born in the Cincinnati Zoo, was also outcrossed and sired at least two litters of orange cubs at Pretoria Zoo. Outcrossing is not necessarily done with the intent of producing more white cubs by resuming inbreeding further down the line. Outcrossing

438-462: A healthier strain of white tigers. The Indian government reportedly considered the offer; however, India had a moratorium on breeding white tigers after cubs were born at New Delhi Zoo with arched backs and clubbed feet, necessitating euthanasia . Siegfried & Roy have bred white tigers in collaboration with the Nashville Zoo . To better preserve genetic diversity and avoid genetic defects,

511-437: A large white tiger, died just short of his 20th birthday, an enviable age for a male of any subspecies, since most males live shorter captive lives. Premature deaths in other collections may be artifacts of captive environmental conditions...in 52 births we had four stillbirths, one of which was an unexplained loss. We lost two additional cubs from viral pneumonia, which is not excessive. Without data from non-inbred tiger lines, it

584-493: A mechanism yet to be determined, this prevents pheomelanin expression in the fur. Mutations in the same gene are known to result in 'cream' coloration in horses, and play a role in the paler skin of humans of European descent. This is a recessive trait , meaning that it is only seen in individuals that are homozygous for this mutation, and that while the progeny of white tigers will all be white, white tigers can be also bred from colored Bengal tiger pairs in which each possesses

657-425: A one-time mutation, or because white tigers lack adequate camouflage, reducing their ability to stalk prey or avoid other predators. A white tiger's pale coloration is due to the lack of the red and yellow pheomelanin pigments that normally produce the orange coloration. This had long been attributed to a mutation in the gene for the tyrosinase (TYR) enzyme. A knockout mutation in this gene results in albinism ,

730-468: A recessive gene to become homozygous and produce the stripeless phenotype. About one fourth of Bhim and Sumita's offspring were stripeless. Their striped white offspring, which have been sold to zoos around the world, may also carry the gene for the stripeless trait. Because Tony's genome is present in many white tiger pedigrees, the gene may also be present in other captive white tigers. As a result, stripeless white tigers have appeared in zoos as far afield as

803-574: A single copy of the unique mutation. Inbreeding promotes recessive traits and has been used as a strategy to produce white tigers in captivity, but this has also resulted in a range of other genetic defects. The stripe color varies due to the influence and interaction of other genes. Another genetic characteristic makes the stripes of the tiger very pale; white tigers of this type are called snow-white or "pure white". White tigers, Siamese cats , and Himalayan rabbits have enzymes in their fur which react to temperature, causing them to grow darker in

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876-591: A tiger he sold to Marwell Zoo in England developed white spots, and bred them accordingly. The Lowry Park Zoo in Tampa Bay had four of these white Amur tigers, descended from Robert Baudy's stock. It has also been possible to expand the white-gene pool by outcrossing white tigers with unrelated orange tigers and then using the cubs to produce more white tigers. The white tigers Ranjit, Bharat, Priya and Bhim were all outcrossed, in some instances to more than one tiger. Bharat

949-461: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article on a zoo , aquarium , safari park , dolphinarium , or aviary is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . White tiger The white tiger , or bleached tiger , is a leucistic morph of the tiger . It is occasionally reported in the Indian wilderness. It has the typical black stripes of a tiger, but its coat

1022-402: Is a way of bringing fresh blood into the white strain. The New Delhi Zoo loaned out white tigers to some of India's better zoos for outcrossing, and the government had to impose a whip to force zoos to return either the white tigers or their orange offspring. Siegfried & Roy performed at least one outcross. In the mid-1980s they offered to work with the Indian government in the creation of

1095-603: Is accessible by taking the City Bus No. 56 to Shoushan Zoo bus stop. The bus is accessible from the following railway stations: Alternatively, visitors can get the Bus 219 service to Gushan Administration Center, then walk along Wanshou Road, passing by Yuanheng Temple, Wanshou Mountain Bridge and the zoo parking area to arrive at the main entrance. This article about a location in Taiwan

1168-724: Is designed to simulate the native ecosystem with animals native to Taiwan. The Formosan black bear is showcased in the Hut of Black Bear. The other animals included in this area are the Formosan muntjac , Taiwan serow and South American coati . The Hut of Capybara is located in this area, which it includes many capybaras . Other animals in this area includes Alpaca , Taiwan yellow cattle , miniature horses, miniature donkeys , Barbados Black Belly sheep, European fallow deer and Malayan sun bear . An interactive, kids-friendly area for family to view animals in close proximity. Visitors can feed

1241-492: Is difficult to determine whether this number is high or low with any degree of accuracy." Ed Maruska also addressed the issue of deformities: "Other than a case of hip dysplasia that occurred in a male white tiger, we have not encountered any other body deformities or any physiological or neurological disorders. Some of these reported maladies in mutant tigers in other collections may be a direct result of inbreeding or improper rearing management of tigers generally." Because of

1314-486: Is directly linked to reduced pigmentation in white tigers. An additional genetic condition can result in near-complete absence of stripes, making the tiger almost pure white. One such specimen was exhibited at Exeter Change in England in 1820, and described by Georges Cuvier as "A white variety of Tiger is sometimes seen, with the stripes very opaque, and not to be observed except in certain angles of light." Naturalist Richard Lydekker said that, "a white tiger, in which

1387-487: Is due to their inability to produce normal tyrosinase, a trait they share with albinos, according to zoo veterinarian David Taylor . He treated a pair of white tigers from the Cincinnati Zoo at Fritz Wurm's safari park in Stukenbrock, Germany, for salmonella poisoning, which reacted strangely to the anaesthesia. Mohini was checked for Chédiak–Higashi syndrome in 1960, but the results were inconclusive. This condition

1460-501: Is normally not aggressive, though individuals may charge if they are disturbed. The addax is amply suited to live in the deep desert under extreme conditions. It can survive without free water almost indefinitely, because it gets moisture from its food and dew that condenses on plants. Scientists think the addax has a special lining in its stomach that stores water in pouches to use in times of dehydration . It also produces highly concentrated urine to conserve water. The pale colour of

1533-715: Is otherwise white or near-white, and it has blue eyes. The white Bengal tigers are distinctive due to the color of their fur. The white fur is caused by a lack of the pigment pheomelanin , which is found in Bengal tigers with orange color fur. When compared to Bengal tigers, the white Bengal tigers tend to grow faster and become heavier than the orange Bengal tiger. They also tend to be somewhat bigger at birth, and as fully grown adults. White Bengal tigers are fully grown when they are 2–3 years of age. White male tigers reach weights of 200 to 230 kilograms (440 to 510 lb) and can grow up to 3 meters (9.8 ft) in length. As with all tigers,

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1606-587: Is placed in the monotypic genus Addax and the family Bovidae . Henri Blainville observed syntypes in Bullock's Pantherion and the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. English naturalist Richard Lydekker stated their type locality to be probably Senegambia , though he did not have anything to support the claim. Finally, from a discussion in 1898, it became more probable that British hunters or collectors obtained

1679-486: Is quite common in captivity. The addax was once abundant in North Africa ; however it is currently only native to Chad, Mauritania, and Niger. It is extirpated from Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Sudan, and Western Sahara , but has been reintroduced into Morocco and Tunisia. The scientific name of the addax is Addax nasomaculatus . This antelope was first described by French zoologist and anatomist Henri Blainville in 1816. It

1752-426: Is similar to albino mutations and causes bluish lightening of the fur color, crossed eyes, and prolonged bleeding after surgery. Also, in the event of an injury, the blood is slow to coagulate. This condition has been observed in domestic cats, but there has never been a case of a white tiger having Chédiak–Higashi syndrome. There has been a single case of a white tiger having central retinal degeneration , reported from

1825-619: The Association of Zoos and Aquariums barred member zoos from intentionally breeding to produce white tigers, white lions , or king cheetahs in a white paper adopted by the board of directors in July 2011. The paper explains that selecting for or against any particular allele would result in a loss of genetic diversity. Instead, the alleles should be maintained at their natural frequencies. Inbreeding to produce abnormal appearances can also produce congenital defects that impact health and welfare. Sometimes

1898-469: The Czech Republic ( Liberec ), Spain and Mexico. Stage magicians Siegfried & Roy were the first to attempt to selectively breed for stripeless tigers; they owned snow-white Bengal tigers taken from Cincinnati Zoo (Tsumura, Mantra, Mirage and Akbar-Kabul) and Guadalajara , Mexico (Vishnu and Jahan), as well as a stripeless Siberian tiger called Apollo. In 2004, a blue-eyed, stripeless white tiger

1971-473: The boer goats . Other animals in this area includes the Formosan Ring-necked Pheasant , Great hornbill and Stump-tailed macaque . This area includes African Lion , African elephant , Common eland , White rhinoceros , Chapman's zebra , alpacas, Addax , Grey crowned crane , Falabella horse , Emu , Aldabra giant tortoise , African spurred tortoise and Crested porcupine . The zoo

2044-548: The chimpanzees , which were relocated from a large metal cage to this new open-air enclosure. The Tiger Hill enclosure is located in this area. The enclosure includes Bengal tiger and White tiger . Other animals this area includes are Dromedary , American bison , estuarine crocodile and Miniature horse . The Deer Park, known as the Little Nara of Shoushan, is created with a high-level coral reef forest environment where visitors can watch sika deer up close. This area

2117-443: The genus Addax , it was first described scientifically by Henri de Blainville in 1816. As suggested by its alternative name, the pale antelope has long, twisted horns – typically 55 to 80 cm (22 to 31 in) in females and 70 to 85 cm (28 to 33 in) in males. Males stand from 105 to 115 cm (41 to 45 in) at the shoulder, with females at 95 to 110 cm (37 to 43 in). They are sexually dimorphic , as

2190-402: The ovarian follicle and the corpus luteum were 15 mm (0.59 in) and 27 mm (1.1 in). Each female underwent an anovulatory period lasting 39 to 131 days, during which there was no ovulation . Anovulation was rare in winter, which suggested the effect of seasons on the estrous cycle. Gestation period lasts 257–270 days (about nine months). Females may lie or stand during

2263-453: The Bengal tiger subspecies ( Panthera tigris ) as well as having been reported historically in several other subspecies. Currently, several hundred white tigers are in captivity worldwide, with about one hundred being found in India. Their unique colouring has made them popular in entertainment showcasing exotic animals, and at zoos. Their rarity could be because the recessive allele is the result of

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2336-596: The Milwaukee County Zoo, which could be related to reduced pigmentation in the eye. The white tiger in question was a male named Mota on loan from the Cincinnati Zoo. There is a myth that white tigers have an 80% infant mortality rate. However, the infant mortality rate for white tigers is no higher than it is for normal orange tigers bred in captivity. Cincinnati Zoo director Ed Maruska said: "We have not experienced premature death among our white tigers. Forty-two animals born in our collection are still alive. Mohan,

2409-986: The United States and the Middle East. Addaxes are legally protected in Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria; hunting of all gazelles is forbidden in Libya and Egypt. Although enormous reserves, such as the Hoggar Mountains and Tasilli in Algeria, the Ténéré in Niger, the Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi Achim Faunal Reserve in Chad, and the newly established Wadi Howar National Park in Sudan, cover areas where

2482-481: The ability to make neither pheomelanin (red and yellow pigments) nor eumelanin (black and brown pigments), while a less severe mutation in the same gene in other mammals results in selective loss of pheomelanin, the so-called Chinchilla trait. The white phenotype in tigers had been attributed to such a Chinchilla mutation in tyrosinase, and in the past white tigers were sometimes referred to as 'partial albinos'. While whole genome sequencing determined that such

2555-567: The addax from the part of the Sahara in Tunisia . The generic name Addax is thought to be obtained from an Arabic word meaning a wild animal with crooked horns. It is also thought to have originated from a Latin word. The name was first used in 1693. The specific name nasomaculatus comes from the Latin words nasus (or the prefix naso- ) meaning nose, and maculatus meaning spotted, referring to

2628-482: The addax is an easy target for its predators: humans , lions , leopards , cheetahs and African wild dogs . Breeding season is at its peak during winter and early spring. The natural habitat of the addax are arid regions, semideserts and sandy and stony deserts. The addax is a critically endangered species of antelope, as classified by the IUCN . Although extremely rare in its native habitat due to unregulated hunting, it

2701-569: The addax is rumoured to be present along the Mali/Mauritania border, though there have been no confirmed sightings. The addax was once abundant in North Africa , native to Chad , Mauritania and Niger . It is extinct in Algeria , Egypt, Libya , Sudan and the Western Sahara . It has been reintroduced into Morocco and Tunisia. Declines in the population of the addax have been ongoing since

2774-643: The addax was widespread in the Sahelo-Saharan region of Africa, west of the Nile Valley and all countries sharing the Sahara Desert; but today the only known self-sustaining population is present in the Termit Massif Reserve (Niger). However, there are reports of sightings from the eastern Air Mountains (Niger) and Bodélé (Chad). Rare nomads may be seen in northern Niger, southern Algeria and Libya; and

2847-430: The beginning of spring; in the southern Sahara, breeding peaks from September to October and from January to mid-April. Each estrus bout lasts for one or two days. In a study, the blood serum of female addaxes was analyzed through immunoassay to know about their luteal phase . Estrous cycle duration was of about 33 days. During pregnancy, ultrasonography showed the uterine horns as coiled. The maximum diameters of

2920-402: The coat reflects radiant heat, and the length and density of the coat helps in thermoregulation . In the day the addax huddles together in shaded areas, and on cool nights rests in sand hollows. These practices help in dissipation of body heat and saving water by cooling the body through evaporation. In a study, eight addaxes on a diet of grass hay ( Chloris gayana ) were studied to determine

2993-585: The cold. In the Bristol Zoo, a white tiger named Mohini was whiter than her relatives, who showed more cream tones. This may have been because she spent less time outdoors in the winter. Kailash Sankhala observed that white tigers were always whiter in Rewa State , even when they were born in New Delhi and returned there. "In spite of living in a dusty courtyard, they were always snow white." A weakened immune system

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3066-470: The delivery, during which one calf is born. A postpartum estrus occurs after two or three days. The calf weighs 5 kg (11 lb) at birth and is weaned at 23–29 weeks old. The addax inhabits arid regions, semideserts and sandy and stony deserts . They can live in extremely arid areas, with less than 100 mm annual rainfall. It also inhabits deserts with tussock grasses ( Stipagrostis species) and succulent thorn scrub Cornulaca . Formerly,

3139-797: The deserts, habitat destruction due to more human settlements and agriculture . Fewer than 500 individuals are thought to exist in the wild today, most of the animals being found between the Termit area of Niger, the Bodélé region of western Chad, and the Aoukar in Mauritania. Today there are over 600 addaxes in Europe, Yotvata Hai-Bar Nature Reserve (Israel), Sabratha (Libya), Giza Zoo (Egypt), North America, Japan and Australia under captive breeding programmes. There are thousands more in private collections and ranches in

3212-404: The drier outer leaves are left alone while it eats the tender inner shoots and seeds. These seeds are important part of the addax's diet, being its main source of protein. Females are sexually mature at 2 to 3 years of age and males at about 2 years. Breeding occurs throughout the year, but it peaks during winter and early spring. In the northern Sahara, breeding peaks at the end of winter and

3285-470: The extreme rarity of the white tiger allele in the wild, the breeding pool was limited to the small number of white tigers in captivity. According to Kailash Sankhala, the last white tiger ever seen in the wild was shot in 1958. Today there is a large number of white tigers in captivity. A white Amur tiger may have been born at Center Hill and has given rise to a strain of white Amur tigers. A man named Robert Baudy realized that his tigers had white genes when

3358-469: The females are smaller than the males. The head and body length in both sexes is 120 to 130 cm (47 to 51 in), with a 25 to 35 cm (9.8 to 13.8 in) long tail. The weight of males varies from 100 to 125 kg (220 to 276 lb), and that of females from 60 to 90 kg (130 to 200 lb). The coloring of the addax's coat varies with the season. In the winter, it is greyish-brown with white hindquarters and legs, and long, brown hair on

3431-640: The females are smaller than the males. The colour of the coat depends on the season – in the winter, it is greyish-brown with white hindquarters and legs, and long, brown hair on the head, neck, and shoulders; in the summer, the coat turns almost completely white or sandy blonde. The addax mainly eats grasses and leaves of any available shrubs, leguminous herbs and bushes. They are well-adapted to exist in their desert habitat, as they can live without water for long periods of time. Addax form herds of five to 20 members, consisting of both males and females. The herd usually led by one dominant male. Due to its slow movements,

3504-419: The first pair of autosomes , which are submetacentric . The X chromosome is the largest of the acrocentric chromosomes, and the Y chromosome is medium-sized. The short and long arms of the pair of submetacentric autosomes correspond respectively to the 27th and 1st chromosomes in cattle and goats. In a study, the banding patterns of chromosomes in addax were found to be similar to those in four other species of

3577-470: The forelegs, club foot , kidney problems, arched or crooked backbone and twisted neck. Reduced fertility and miscarriages, noted by "tiger man" Kailash Sankhala in pure-Bengal white tigers, were attributed to inbreeding depression . A condition known as "star-gazing" (the head and neck are raised almost straight up, as if the affected animal is gazing at the stars), which is associated with inbreeding in big cats, has also been reported in white tigers. There

3650-482: The fur was of a creamy tint, with the usual stripes faintly visible in certain parts, was exhibited at the old menagerie at Exeter Change about the year 1820." Hamilton Smith said, "A wholly white tiger, with the stripe-pattern visible only under reflected light, like the pattern of a white tabby cat, was exhibited in the Exeter Change Menagerie in 1820" and John George Wood stated that, "a creamy white, with

3723-555: The head, neck, and shoulders. In the summer, the coat turns almost completely white or sandy blonde. Their head is marked with brown or black patches that form an 'X' over their noses. They have scraggly beards and prominent red nostrils. Long, black hairs stick out between their curved and spiralling horns, ending in a short mane on the neck. The horns , which are found on both males and females, have two to three twists and are typically 55 to 80 cm (22 to 31 in) in females and 70 to 85 cm (28 to 33 in) in males, although

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3796-408: The maximum recorded length is 109.2 cm (43.0 in). The lower and middle portions of the horns are marked with a series of 30 to 35 ring-shaped ridges. The tail is short and slender, ending in a puff of black hair. The hooves are broad with flat soles and strong dewclaws to help them walk on soft sand. All four feet possess scent glands . The life span of the addax is up to 19 years in

3869-452: The mid-1800s. More recently, addaxes were found from Algeria to Sudan, but due mainly to overhunting, they have become much more restricted and rare. Addaxes are easy to hunt due to their slow movements. Roadkill , firearms for easy hunting and nomadic settlements near waterholes (their dry-season feeding places) have also decreased their numbers. Moreover, their meat and leather are highly prized. Other threats include chronic droughts in

3942-605: The middle of the cheek. On the other hand, the scimitar oryx has a white forehead with only a notable brown marking: a brown lateral stripe across its eyes. It differs from other antelopes by having large, square teeth like cattle and lacking the typical facial glands. The addax is most prone to parasites in moist climatic conditions. Addaxes have always been infected with nematodes in the Trichostrongyloidea and Strongyloidea superfamilies. In an exotic ranch in Texas, an addax

4015-506: The northern edge of the tropical rain system during the summer and move north as winter falls. They are able to track rainfall and will head for these areas where vegetation is more plentiful. Males are territorial and guard females, while the females establish their own dominance hierarchies. Due to its slow movements, the addax is an easy target for predators such as humans , lions , leopards , cheetahs and African wild dogs . Caracals , servals and hyenas attack calves. The addax

4088-466: The ordinary tigerine stripes so faintly marked that they were only visible in certain lights." Edwin Henry Landseer also drew this tigress in 1824. The modern strain of snow white tigers came from repeated brother–sister matings of Bhim and Sumita at Cincinnati Zoo . The gene involved may have come from a Siberian tiger , their part-Siberian ancestor Tony. Continued inbreeding appears to have caused

4161-469: The retention time of food from the digestive tract. It was found that food retention time was long, taken as an adaptation to a diet including a high proportion of slow fermenting grasses; while the long fluid retention time could be interpreted to be due to water-saving mechanisms with low water turnover and a roomy rumen. The addax lives in desert terrain where it eats grasses and leaves of what shrubs , leguminous herbs and bushes are available. Primarily

4234-477: The right side. A male tiger named 'Cheytan', a son of Bhim and Sumita who was born at the Cincinnati Zoo, died at the San Antonio Zoo in 1992, from anaesthesia complications during root canal therapy . It appears that white tigers also react strangely to anaesthesia. The best drug for immobilizing a tiger is CI 744, but a few tigers, white ones in particular, undergo a re-sedation effect 24–36 hours later. This

4307-599: The society. The pygarg ("white-buttocked") beast mentioned in Deuteronomy 14:5 is believed by Henry Baker Tristram to have been an addax. But today, excess poaching has resulted in the extinction of this species in Egypt since the 1960s. Addax fossils have been found in four sites of Egypt – a 7000 BCE fossil from the Great Sand Sea , a 5000–6000 BCE fossil from Djara, a 4000–7000 BCE fossil from Abu Ballas Stufenmland and

4380-451: The spots and facial markings of the species. Bedouins use another name for the addax, the Arabic bakr (or bagr ) al wahsh , which literally means "the cow of the wild". That name can be used to refer to other ungulates as well. The other common names of addax are "white antelope" and "screwhorn antelope". The addax has 29 pairs of chromosomes. All chromosomes are acrocentric except for

4453-491: The subfamily Hippotraginae . In ancient times, the addax occurred from northern Africa through Arabia and the Levant . Pictures in a tomb, dating back to 2500 BCE, show at least the partial domestication of the addax by the ancient Egyptians. These pictures show addax and some other antelopes tied with ropes to stakes. The number of addax captured by a person were considered an indicator of his high social and economic position in

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4526-484: The traits themselves can cause problems, such as albinism's visual and neural effects. Additionally, animals with an abnormal appearance do not serve as well as ambassadors for their species in the zoos' mission to educate the public. Addax The addax ( Addax nasomaculatus ), also known as the white antelope and the screwhorn antelope , is an antelope native to the Sahara Desert. The only member of

4599-460: The white Bengal tiger's stripes are like fingerprints, with no two tigers having the same pattern. The stripes of the tiger are a pigmentation of the skin; if an individual were to be shaved, its distinctive coat pattern would still be visible. For a white Bengal tiger to be born, both parents must carry the unusual gene for white colouring, which only happens naturally about once in 10,000 births. Dark-striped white individuals are well-documented in

4672-426: The wild, which can be extended to 25 years under captivity. The addax closely resembles the scimitar oryx , but can be distinguished by its horns and facial markings. While the addax is spiral-horned, the scimitar oryx has decurved 127 cm (50 in) long horns. The addax has a brown hair tuft extending from the base of its horns to between its eyes. A white patch, continuing from the brown hair, extends until

4745-513: The wrong side of the brain, white tigers have a problem with spatial orientation, and bump into things until they learn to compensate. Some tigers compensate by crossing their eyes. When the neurons pass from the retina to the brain and reach the optic chiasma, some cross and some do not, so that visual images are projected to the wrong hemisphere of the brain. White tigers cannot see as well as normal tigers and suffer from photophobia , like albinos. Other genetic problems include shortened tendons of

4818-975: The zoo reopened on July 12 in the same year after 5 months of reconstruction and as of 26 May 2011 does indeed now have the aforementioned animals. The zoo consists of the following exhibitions: This area includes enclosures for Hippopotamus , Red-legged pademelon , Linnaeus's two-toed sloth , Green iguana , Burmese python , Chinese ferret-badger , Formosan Masked palm civet and Meerkat . This area showcases primates, including Orangutan , Lar gibbon , Yellow-cheeked gibbon , Hamadryas baboon , Celebes crested macaque , Northern pig-tailed macaque and Crab-eating macaque . This area includes Alligator snapping turtle , Spectacled caiman and Pygmy hippopotamus . In this immersive bird enclosure, visitors get to see Palawan peacock-pheasant walking past them and flaunting their beautiful tails. Other animals in this area includes Trumpeter hornbill , Western crowned pigeon and Long-tailed chinchilla . This area showcases

4891-462: The zoo's lack of funding and manpower. Visiting experts and directors have described it as the worst government-run zoo in Taiwan in consideration of terrible conditions their animals are kept in. Since then however, the zoo has undergone a considerable renovation project in 2009 costing NT$ 150 million. Whether or not this was related to the then unconfirmed plan to import two white tigers is debatable, but

4964-444: Was Mohini's daughter Rewati. Strabismus is directly linked to the white gene and is not a separate consequence of inbreeding. The orange litter-mates of white tigers are not prone to strabismus. Siamese cats and albinos of every species which have been studied all exhibit the same visual pathway abnormality found in white tigers. Siamese cats are also sometimes cross-eyed, as are some albino ferrets . The visual pathway abnormality

5037-547: Was a 200 kg (450 lb) male cross-eyed white tiger at the Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo in Hawaii , which was donated to the zoo by Las Vegas magician Dirk Arthur. There is a picture of a white tiger which appears to be cross-eyed on just one side in the book Siegfried and Roy: Mastering the Impossible . A white tiger, named Scarlett O'Hara, who was Tony's sister, was cross-eyed only on

5110-567: Was born in a wildlife refuge in Alicante , Spain. Its parents are normal orange Bengals. The cub was named "Artico" ("Arctic"). Outside of India, inbred white tigers have been prone to crossed eyes, a condition known as strabismus , due to incorrectly routed visual pathways in the brains of white tigers. When stressed or confused, all white tigers cross their eyes. Strabismus is associated with white tigers of mixed Bengal and Siberian ancestry. The only pure-Bengal white tiger reported to be cross-eyed

5183-496: Was bred to an unrelated orange tiger named Jack from the San Francisco Zoo and had an orange daughter named Kanchana. Bharat and Priya were also bred with an unrelated orange tiger from Knoxville Zoo , and Ranjit was bred to this tiger's sister, also from Knoxville Zoo. Bhim fathered several litters with an unrelated orange tigress named Kimanthi at the Cincinnati Zoo. The last descendants of Bristol Zoo 's white tigers were

5256-458: Was first documented in white tigers in the brain of a white tiger called Moni after he died, although his eyes were of normal alignment. The abnormality is that there is a disruption in the optic chiasm . The examination of Moni's brain suggested the disruption is less severe in white tigers than it is in Siamese cats. Because of the visual pathway abnormality, by which some optic nerves are routed to

5329-569: Was found host to the nematodes Haemonchus contortus and Longistrongylus curvispiculum in its abomasum , of which the former was dominant. Addax herds contain both males and females, and have from five to 20 members. They will generally stay in one place and only wander widely in search of food. The herd is usually formed around one dominant male. In captivity, males show signs of territoriality and mate guarding while captive females establish dominance hierarchies, with oldest females holding highest rank Herds are more likely to be found along

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