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89-608: Most Shors live in the Tom basin along the Kondoma and Mras-Su Rivers . This region is historically called Mountainous Shoria . The Shors also live in Khakassia and Altai Republic . According to 2002 census , there were 13,975 Shors in Russia (12,601 in 1926, 16,042 in 1939, 14,938 in 1959, 15,950 in 1970, 15,182 in 1979 and 15,745 in 1989). The Shors speak their own Shor language . The Shors as

178-509: A Whitley Award for his work preserving sustainable communities in Shor territory. The coal, iron, gold, and timber resources of the region are extracted by companies that show little regard to the Shors and the environment of the area. The Shors receive no direct financial benefits for the extraction of these minerals on their land. This has made some Shor feel ignored as minerals are often taken from places

267-685: A drainage basin of 62,000 square kilometres (24,000 sq mi). The Tom flows from the Abakan Range (a northern continuation of the Altai Mountains ) northward through the Kuznetsk Basin . It joins the Ob approximately 50 kilometers (31 mi) north of Tomsk . Cities on the Tom River include Mezhdurechensk , Novokuznetsk , Kemerovo , Yurga , Tomsk , and Seversk . The Aba people live near

356-491: A bad way, people don't want more harm on their communities so that why they reject the idea of fossil fuel. environmental racism could be that black peoples neighborhood or black people communities face more pollution and this effect these people health in a bad way which might lead to many diseases because of unhealthy air and dirty airs that could be caused by the factories and many factories are in these poor areas more than other communities and areas. The southeastern part of

445-460: A bridge to sustainability and equity... Reparations are both spiritual and environmental medicine for healing and reconciliation." The export of hazardous waste to third world countries is another growing concern. Between 1989 and 1994, an estimated 2,611 metric tons of hazardous waste was exported from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries to non-OECD countries. Two international agreements were passed in response to

534-563: A classisfactory system of kinship terms, and the belief in certain taboos that revolve around the former. Clans routinely organized communal hunts and shared the spoils equally among themselves. However, this clan system eroded beginning in the mid-nineteenth century under the Russian influence of separating families into individual units. A family now relied on a money economy and this soon resulted in wealth disparity and differentiation in Shor society. Environmental activist Alexander Arbachakov won

623-448: A college to train teachers had 300 students including 70 native Shor speakers. By 1936, 114 schools (100 primary and 14 secondary) existed in the area. The use of Shor in the 1920s and the rising educational standards of the Shors led to an intellectual growth of the people, including skilled artisans teachers, and those with medical and technical qualifications. Shor writers, journalists and clerks became prominent in what had previously been

712-543: A combination of tort law, civil rights law, and environmental law. Here's a quick breakdown of these laws: Tort law: This law allows individuals or communities to seek compensation for damages caused by the negligence or wrongful actions of others. In the context of environmental racism, plaintiffs can use tort law to claim compensation for health issues, property damage, or loss of quality of life due to pollution or other environmental harms. Civil rights law: Litigation under civil rights statutes focuses on challenging

801-400: A consumer's willingness to pay for these goods. CBA contributes to environmental racism through the valuing of environmental resources based on their utility to society. When someone is willing and able to pay more for clean water or air, their payment financially benefits society more than when people cannot pay for these goods. This creates a burden on poor communities. Relocating toxic wastes

890-553: A largely illiterate society for the first time. Shor intellectual culture began to decline after the dissolution of the Shor National Region in 1939 and the removal of Shor as a language of instruction in schools in 1943. The teacher's college was closed while Shor intellectuals were repressed or killed fighting in the Great Patriotic War . The post-war period proved stagnant for Shor intellectual culture. The resurgence of

979-529: A lot of opportunities which all because of their color which is not fair and don't make sense to be rejected because of the skin color or the race, this could led so many people who go through this to have stress which will effect their health which make these people feel like they are not part of this environment. Minority communities often do not have the financial means, resources, and political representation to oppose hazardous waste sites. Known as locally unwanted land uses (LULUs), these facilities that benefit

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1068-506: A lot on these poor communities, by having fair orders will help these poor communities from being in risk of pollution and could help to stop the pollution that hurting human health which also will protect people’s right to be equally treated for everyone. They making it hard for black, Hispanic and people of color to have more difficult to get loans or to move to a better neighborhood, which if this keep going it will effect so many people's health and will risk their lives because of pollution in

1157-613: A people formed as a result of a long process of intermixing between Turkic , Ugric , Samoyedic , and Ket -speaking tribes. Their culture and origins are similar to those of the northern Altaians and some of the ethnic groups of the Khakas . An ancient Turkic legend recorded in the Chinese annal ( Book of Zhou 周書, 636 CE) mentions the origin of the Göktürks' ancestors from a possession or state named Suǒ (索國; MC : * sak̚-kwək̚ ), located "north of

1246-457: A shift in the focus to the systems and structures that perpetuate these injustices. Implications with this effort follow as climate policy approaches often fail to address racial disparities and focus on broader impacts on public health. There is an urgent need for political and policy solutions revolving around the fossil fuel industry to address systemic injustices perpetuated by fossil fuel production and consumption. Environmental racism impacts

1335-611: A valuable asset to the Yenisei Kirghiz and Oirats as suppliers of ironware. Their ability to smelt iron from ore was a feat that only one other indigenous Siberian people (the Yakuts ) were able to achieve before the Russian advance into the area. In the early 17th century, the Shors and their territory were conquered by the Russians. In the 18th century, Russian settlers began to move in to the area. The Shors' niche as producers of ironware for

1424-594: A wide range of stakeholders including workers, academics, and community leaders for whom increased industrial development is a common denominator". Many policies can be expounded based on the state of human welfare. This occurs because environmental justice is aimed at creating safe, fair, and equal opportunity for communities and to ensure things like redlining do not occur. With all of these unique elements in mind, there are serious ramifications for policy makers to consider when they make decisions. Relevant laws and regulations aimed to address environmental racism encompass

1513-665: Is also associated with extractivism , which places the environmental burdens of mining, oil extraction, and industrial agriculture upon indigenous peoples and poorer nations largely inhabited by people of color. Environmental racism is the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards, pollution, and ecological degradation experienced by marginalized communities, as well as those of people of color, which makes poor people go through more pollution. Race, socio-economic status, and environmental injustice directly impact these communities in terms of their health outcomes as well as their quality of health. Communities are not all created equal. In

1602-518: Is being harmful and these poor people also live near the pollution these people still face many challenges and the situation have not solved yet which might lead for more effective on these poor communities and areas. its was hard for black people and hispanic to take loans to live in safer places to live with peace and not being harmed with pollution and could not move to safer place or better neighborhoods. Many people get rejected because of their color or hear some hurtful words from other also don't have

1691-473: Is being judged by their color or race and this will risk their life, racism could effect their mantel health especially when they go though it in a young age it will effect them a lot. In cities in the Global North, suburbanization and gentrification lead to patterns of environmental racism. For example, white flight from industrial zones for safer, cleaner, suburban locales leaves minority communities in

1780-565: Is charged with demonstrating the activity's safety. Environmental justice activists also emphasize the need for waste reduction in general, which would act to reduce the overall burden, as well as reduce methane emissions which in turn reduce climate change . In wartimes, environmental racism occurs in ways that the public later learn about through reports. For example, Friends of the Earth International's Environmental Nakba report brings attention to environmental racism that has occurred in

1869-887: Is justified since poor communities are not able to pay as much as a wealthier area for a clean environment. The placement of toxic waste near poor people lowers the property value of already cheap land. Since the decrease in property value is less than that of a cleaner and wealthier area, the monetary benefits to society are greater by dumping the toxic waste in a "low-value" area. Fossil fuels are interconnected with crises like climate change, racial injustice, and public health. Various stages of fossil fuels include extraction, processing, transport, and combustion, all contributing to harmful pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The impacts of fossil fuel processing are not distributed equally with Black, Brown, Indigenous, and poor as opposed to white, or wealthy communities. These communities experience health hazards from air and water pollution as well as

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1958-654: The Global South . Less developed countries frequently have fewer environmental regulations and become pollution havens . There are four factors which lead to environmental racism: lack of affordable land, lack of political power, lack of mobility, and poverty . Cheap land is sought by corporations and governmental bodies. As a result, communities which cannot effectively resist these corporations governmental bodies and cannot access political power or negotiate just costs. Communities with minimized socio-economic mobility cannot relocate. Lack of financial contributions also reduces

2047-483: The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, one possible solution is the precautionary principle , which states that "where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation ." Under this principle, the initiator of the potentially hazardous activity

2136-553: The environmental justice movement, which developed in the United States and abroad throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Environmental racism may disadvantage minority groups or numerical majorities, as in South Africa where apartheid had debilitating environmental impacts on Black people. Internationally, trade in global waste disadvantages global majorities in poorer countries largely inhabited by people of color. It also applies to

2225-548: The 1990s). However, the Shors still face many issues. Many Shors do not know their native language and show indifference to their traditional culture. Illness, discrimination, environmental racism , high death rates but low birth rates, drug and alcohol addiction, and the possibility of the Shors being swallowed up by the dominant Russian culture in the near future are issues the modern Shors face. The Shors were originally practitioners of shamanism and animism but were converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity during Russian rule since

2314-584: The 20th century. The Shors were little affected by the Russian Revolution and its civil war until the Bolsheviks took the region in 1920. In 1929, the Shor National Region was formed but was quickly dissolved in 1939. The okrug (district) was disbanded because the Soviet authorities believed its existence might hinder the development of the iron and coal industries in the region. These minerals became important to

2403-571: The African people". Soon after, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) passed a resolution that allowed for penalties, such as life imprisonment, to those who were caught dumping toxic wastes. Globalization and the increase in transnational agreements introduce possibilities for cases of environmental racism. For example, the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) attracted US-owned factories to Mexico, where toxic waste

2492-505: The Altai-Sayan region in the 13th century added another layer of cultural influence over the local population and their languages. The region subsequently fell under the influence of the Oirats from the late 14th century to the early 17th century. Although Mongol control of the area was nominal, many of the languages (including Shor) contains significant amounts of Mongol loanwords. The Shors were

2581-592: The EPA is responsible for environmental justice initiatives including the Environmental Justice Government-to-Government Program (EJG2G). The EJG2G provides a clearer line of communication and funding between all types of governments such as state, local, and tribal to make a strong effort to steer towards a more environmentally equitable society. In April 2023, President Biden affirmed his commitment to environmental justice by introducing

2670-616: The Gaza Strip during the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict . Some Israeli practices include cutting off three days of water supply to refugee Palestinians and destroying farms. Besides studies that point out cases of environmental racism, studies have also provided information on how to go about changing regulations and preventing environmental racism from happening. In a study by Daum, Stoler and Grant on e-waste management in Accra, Ghana,

2759-597: The Global Environmental Justice Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara , argue that recognizing environmental racism as an element stemming from the entrenched legacies of racial capitalism is crucial to the movement, with white supremacy continuing to shape human relationships with nature and labor. Current political ideologies surrounding how to make right issues of environmental racism and environmental justice are shifting towards

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2848-580: The Justice40 Initiative. The Justice40 initiative is a goal to make 40 percent of federal environmental programs go into marginalized communities that have not typically been the target for such programs. This initiative includes things like the Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool and the training for federal agencies on how to use it to identify communities who may benefit from these programs. This initiative includes several federal agencies including

2937-762: The NWAC continues to support women, Two-Spirit and LGBTQ+ Indigenous peoples in their fight to be heard. In other Indigenous resistance movements there is an emphasis on healing from trauma by focusing on spirituality and traditional practices in order to fight against the forces of patriarchy and racism that have caused environmental racism. Activists and Indigenous communities have also gone through state official legal routes to voice their concerns such as discussing treaties, anti-human trafficking laws, anti-violence against women laws and UNDRIP .   These have been deemed insufficient solutions by Indigenous groups and communities because there are some voices that are not heard and because

3026-604: The Oirats, Altaians , and Kyrgyz was soon eroded by the Russian traders. The Russians had more advanced products to offer and this effectively ended Shor blacksmithing. Atop of this, Russian officials subjected the Shors to pay yasak in the form of furs. This resulted in most Shors abandoning their old occupations and villages to move to nearby towns so they can make a better living as hunters. However, they lived in squalid conditions. The use of nettle-fibre or wild hemp for clothing, primitive implements, and techniques continued on towards

3115-422: The Shor identity beginning in the 1980s has led to a revival in traditional Shor culture and the establishment of new educational programs for native teachers, students, and the younger generation. The universe was originally empty until the god Ul'gen created the three skies. He placed his son Paktan in the lowest sky. He then placed a spirit called Keikush in the middle sky while he and his wife Chaasin lived in

3204-399: The Shors consider sacred. Throat-singing is an ancient and traditional form of music in Shor culture. Epic stories about heroes and deities are popular and often accompanied by singing and the use of a kai-komus (two-stringed wooden instrument). The first educational institution for the Shors was a missionary school that was established in the village of Kuzedevo around 1860. After 1867,

3293-552: The Shors recognized (along with other Turkic peoples) included: Tom River The Tom ( Russian : Томь , IPA: [tomʲ] ; Siberian Tatar : Том ; Shor : Том ) is a river in Russia , a right tributary of the Ob in central Siberia . Its watershed lies within the Republic of Khakassia , Kemerovo Oblast , and Tomsk Oblast . It is 827 kilometres (514 mi) long, and has

3382-627: The Tom River. The largest tributaries of the Tom are, from source to mouth: This article related to a river in Siberia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Environmental racism Environmental racism , ecological racism , or ecological apartheid is a form of racism leading to negative environmental outcomes such as landfills, incinerators , and hazardous waste disposal disproportionately impacting communities of color , violating substantive equality . Internationally, it

3471-401: The U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It's dedicated to community outreach by involving local governments and encouraging the community to have a say in the programs that may be implemented in their communities. Environmental racism is

3560-431: The United States has experienced a large amount of pollution and minority populations have been hit with the brunt of those impacts. There are many cases of people who have died or are chronically ill from coal plants in places such as Detroit , Memphis , and Kansas City . Tennessee and West Virginia residents are frequently subject to breathing toxic ash due to blasting in the mountains for mining. Drought, flooding,

3649-466: The United States, some communities are continuously polluted while the government gives little to no attention. According to Robert D. Bullard, father of environmental justice, environmental regulations are not equally benefiting all of society; people of color (African Americans, Latinos, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans) are disproportionately harmed by industrial toxins in their jobs and their neighborhoods. Within this context, understanding

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3738-790: The World Tree housed the Heavenly Realm whilst its trunk passed through the Middle Earth and its roots reached down to the Underworld. The World Mountain was divided similarly with its peak connected to the Upper World and the foot of the mountain to the Earth. The Heavenly realm is further divided into nine "skies". By ascending order these include: Traditional Shor mythology boasts a range of deities and spirits. Some of these include: Other popular deities

3827-568: The Xiongnu country" (which, in this case, apparently meant Mongolia). The region where the Shors currently reside was Turkicized under the influence of the Yenisei Kyrgyz during the medieval period. The Shors resulted from this ethnic mixing and adopted Turkic speech (the Shor language ) as a result. Shor tribes began to become a distinct people around the 8th and 9th centuries AD. The Mongol conquest of

3916-500: The air. Poor cleanliness in facilities and chemical exposure may also affect agricultural workers, who are frequently people of color. Water can be polluted because of these old factories and rivers can be polluted such as Flint river, unhealthy water effecting people of the community, which could lead to cancer and rate of cancer will increase because of the unhealthy water in flint which can also lead to loosing hair and many other sickness because of polluted water and when it comes to solve

4005-499: The area they are living in. Till today after the civil war the idea of African American living by pollution and polluted areas is still growing and these areas still have waste sites and toxic while white people areas are much cleaner which is seems unfair and its more challenging and hard for African Americans. When it comes to the companies for example oils companies and they do a mess in the area and don't clean after they’re finished with their work they leave this mess to be spread in

4094-550: The areas which will cause more pollution in the neighborhood so people go though challenge with these companies and there's should be protection for these communities and areas because its not fair to let all this pollution to be spread in the area just because the companies didn’t clean the mess they created it. Cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is a process that places a monetary value on costs and benefits to evaluate issues. Environmental CBA aims to provide policy solutions for intangible products such as clean air and water by measuring

4183-401: The burden of environmental exposures and their health consequences. Black children, for example, are still more exposed to lead than children of other racial groups contributing to higher body burdens of toxins such as lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, and phthalates. Institutionalized racism in epidemiology and environmental health perpetuates the neglect of BIPOC experiences and contributes to

4272-407: The coal mines. The population of the Shors declined and the urban Shors struggled with alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and high lethal accident rates. Traditional Shor culture began to wane. The liberalization of Soviet rule beginning in the 1980s led to a Shor cultural revival and the establishment of many cultural and linguistic institutions (like the creation of The Association of Shor People in

4361-535: The communities which means pollution will keep spreading and will impact people's health in a bad way. Agriculture negatively affects the health of nearby communities. They believe that associated manure lagoons produce hydrogen sulfide and contaminate local water supplies, leading to higher levels of miscarriages, birth defects, and disease outbreaks. These farms are disproportionately placed in low-income areas and communities of color. Other risks include exposure to pesticides, chemical run-off and particulate matter in

4450-494: The communities' ability to act both physically and politically. Chavis defined environmental racism in five categories: racial discrimination in defining environmental policies, discriminatory enforcement of regulations and laws, deliberate targeting of minority communities as hazardous waste dumping sites, official sanctioning of dangerous pollutants in minority communities, and the exclusion of people of color from environmental leadership positions. Poor areas has hazardous waste sites

4539-656: The constant depletion of land and air quality determine the health and safety of the residents surrounding these areas. Communities of color and low-income status most often feel the brunt of these issues firsthand. There are many communities around the world that face the same problems. For example, the work of Desmond D'Sa focused on communities in South Durban where high pollution industries impact people forcibly relocated during Apartheid . Environmental racism intensifies existing health disparities among marginalized communities, with BIPOC individuals disproportionately bearing

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4628-482: The contribution of structural barriers in research funding and publication. For instance, studies on sperm health predominantly focus on White men, neglecting the reproductive health experiences of men of color despite their higher exposure to environmental toxins. This lack of inclusion in research both perpetuates health disparities and a lack of trust among BIPOC communities due to historical exploration in medical research. Structural racism within research contributes to

4717-700: The definition in "The Legacy of American Apartheid and Environmental Racism", Dr. Bullard said that environmental racism: refers to any policy, practice, or directive that differentially affects or disadvantages (whether intended or unintended) individuals, groups, or communities based on race or color. Institutional racism operates on a large scale within societal norms, policies, and procedures extending to environmental planning and decision-making, reinforcing environmental racism through government, legal, economic, and political institutions. Racism significantly increases exposure to environmental and health risks as well as access to health care. Government agencies, including

4806-405: The deliberate targeting of communities of color for toxic waste facilities, the official sanctioning of the life-threatening presence of poisons and pollutants in our communities, and the history of excluding people of color from leadership of the ecology movements. Recognition of environmental racism catalyzed the environmental justice movement that began in the 1970s and 1980s with influence from

4895-675: The discriminatory impact of environmental decisions and policies. Lawsuits may argue that certain actions or policies have a disparate impact on communities of color, violating their civil rights. Environmental law: Federal environmental statutes, such as the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) provide mechanisms for challenging the adequacy of environmental reviews or compliance with regulatory standards. Most initiatives currently focusing on environmental racism are more focused on

4984-1031: The earlier civil rights movement . Grassroots organizations and campaigns brought attention to environmental racism in policy making and emphasized the importance of minority input. While environmental racism has been historically tied to the environmental justice movement, throughout the years the term has been increasingly disassociated . Following the events in Warren County, the UCC and US General Accounting Office released reports showing that hazardous waste sites were disproportionately located in poor minority neighborhoods. Chavis and Dr. Robert D. Bullard pointed out institutionalized racism stemming from government and corporate policies that led to environmental racism. These racist practices included redlining , zoning, and colorblind adaptation planning. Residents experienced environmental racism due to their low socioeconomic status, and lack of political representation and mobility. Expanding

5073-483: The early 17th century. Conversions occurred rapidly after the establishment of the Altai Spiritual Mission in the 1830s. Most present Shors are Russian Orthodox Christians. Despite the conversion of Christianity among the Shors, shamanism has had and still is very important and influential to modern Shor spirituality. Shor Shamanism and its kam (shamans) have suffered persecution since Russian colonization of

5162-477: The environment they depend upon. Areas with more people of color face more toxic waste facilities which means it effect these poor people health more, study showed that these people which are hispanic and African American face more bad impact on their health so the place of these toxic waste sites are not fair to just be located in these poor communities and areas. When they tried to clean these factories they could not offered because of financial and this couldn't help

5251-517: The federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), have often failed to protect people of color from pollution and industrial infiltrations. This failure is evident in the disproportionate pollution burden borne by communities of color, with African American and Latino neighborhoods experiencing higher levels of pollution compared to predominantly white areas. For instance, in Los Angeles, over 71% of African Americans and 50% of Latinos live in areas with

5340-638: The growing exportation of hazardous waste into their borders. The Organization of African Unity (OAU) was concerned that the Basel Convention adopted in March 1989 did not include a total ban on the trans-boundary movement on hazardous waste. In response to their concerns, on 30 January 1991, the Pan-African Conference on Environmental and Sustainable Development adopted the Bamako Convention banning

5429-722: The hands of those who will be directly affected by the decisions being made. Activism takes many forms. One form is collective demonstrations or protests, which can take place on a number of different levels from local to international. Additionally, in places where activists feel as though governmental solutions will work, organizations and individuals alike can pursue direct political action. In many cases, activists and organizations will form partnerships both regionally and internationally to gain more clout in pursuit of their goals. There have been many resistance movements in Canada initiated by Indigenous women against environmental racism. One that

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5518-481: The health of the communities affected by poor environments. Various factors that can cause health problems include exposure to hazardous chemical toxins in landfills and rivers. Exposure to these toxins can also weaken or slow brain development . These hazards also affect the health of individuals living in these communities, showing how maintaining quality environmental health is important to ensuring that vulnerable populations are able to live healthy alongside parts of

5607-489: The idea of employing procedural justice . Procedural justice is a concept that dictates the use of fairness in the process of making decisions, especially when said decisions are being made in diplomatic situations such as the allocation of resources or the settling of disagreements. Procedural justice calls for a fair, transparent, impartial decision-making process with equal opportunity for all parties to voice their positions, opinions, and concerns. Rather than just focusing on

5696-502: The import of all hazardous waste into Africa and limiting their movement within the continent. In September 1995, the G-77 nations helped amend the Basel Convention to ban the export of all hazardous waste from industrial countries (mainly OECD countries and Lichtenstein ) to other countries. A resolution was signed in 1988 by the OAU which declared toxic waste dumping to be a "crime against Africa and

5785-502: The importance of engaging with different fields and organizations such as recycling firms, communities, and scrap metal traders are emphasized over adaptation strategies such as bans on burning and buy-back schemes that have not caused much effect on changing practices. Environmental justice scholars such as Laura Pulido, Department Head of Ethnic Studies and Professor at the University of Oregon , and David Pellow , Dehlsen and Department Chair of Environmental Studies and Director of

5874-588: The inner cities and in close proximity to polluted industrial zones. In these areas, unemployment is high and businesses are less likely to invest in area improvement, creating poor economic conditions for residents and reinforcing a social formation that reproduces racial inequality. Furthermore, the poverty of property owners and residents in a municipality may be taken into consideration by hazardous waste facility developers, since areas with depressed real estate values will save developers' money. Poor communities and areas go though pollution more which also incomes effect

5963-496: The intersectionality of race, socio-economic status, and environmental injustice through its history and the disproportionate impact is a starting point for leaning towards equitable solutions for environmental justice for all segments of society. Exploring the historical roots, impacts of environmental racism, governmental actions, grassroots efforts, and possible remedies can serve as a foundation for addressing this issue effectively. Response to environmental racism has contributed to

6052-473: The kam and others as enemies of the state and sentenced them to camps or even death. Graves, drums, ritual clothing, and more were burned or desecrated during this period. Shor shamanism saw a revival starting in the late 1980s and is considered a vital part of modern Shor identity. The Shors were mainly engaged in hunting , fishing , some primitive farming , and pine nut picking. Blacksmithing and iron ore mining and melting were also important (hence,

6141-717: The larger topic of environmental justice. They are at both the state and federal levels. On the state level, local politicians focus on their communities to introduce policies that will affect them, including land use policies, improving the environmental health impacts, and involving their community in the planning processes for these policies. Fourteen states have created offices that are specifically focused on environmental justice and advise policymakers on how their policies may impact minority populations. Maryland established their Commission on Environmental Justice and Sustainable Communities in 2001. The most recently formed councils were formed in 2022 by Vermont and Oregon. Federally,

6230-548: The man. The dog refused to let him pass but Erlik made a deal with the dog. If the dog lets him pass, he'll give him fur. Erlik passed and the dog's body grew fur. Erlik proceeded towards the lifeless man, spat on him, rubbed dirt on him, and left. Ul'gen returned with his aim failed and saw the condition of the man and dog. The dog revealed what happened and Ul'gen wondered whether Erlik knew how to create souls. He summoned Erlik and he replied that he knew how to create souls. With no other options, Ul'gen agreed that Erlik would create

6319-511: The marginalization of BIPOC communities and limits the development of effective interventions that can address environmental health disparities. Activists have called for "more participatory and citizen-centered conceptions of justice." The environmental justice (EJ) movement and climate justice (CJ) movement address environmental racism in bringing attention and enacting change so that marginalized populations are not disproportionately vulnerable to climate change and pollution. According to

6408-566: The most polluted air, while only 34% of the white population does. Nationally, a significant portion of whites, African Americans, and Hispanics reside in counties with substandard air quality, with people of color disproportionately affected by pollution-related health issues. Although the term was coined in the US, environmental racism also occurs on the international level. Studies have shown that since environmental laws have become prominent in developed countries, companies have moved their waste towards

6497-500: The most talented graduates had the chance to continue their education at the College of Catechism in Kazan. However, the literacy rates of the Shors remained very low. The Soviet administration opened ten schools and a children's home in 1921–22 in the village of Kabyrza. Within ten years, the number of schools in the region increased. Libraries and clubs were opened to abolish illiteracy. By 1932,

6586-570: The name "Blacksmithing Tatars"). The lifestyle of the Shors changed significantly following the October Revolution of 1917. Most became farmers, cattle-breeders, or industrial workers. The Shors were able to retain much of their ancient clan structure over the years. Each clan was traditionally led by a chief. Chiefs were elected in large clan gatherings. At such gatherings important decisions, conflicts, and other issues were settled. Features of their society included matrilocal marriages, exogamy,

6675-463: The outcomes of agreements and the effects those outcomes have on affected populations and interest groups, procedural justice looks to involve all stakeholders throughout the process from planning through implementation. In terms of combating environmental racism, procedural justice helps to reduce the opportunities for powerful actors such as often-corrupt states or private entities to dictate the entire decision-making process and puts some power back into

6764-469: The particular vulnerability of indigenous groups to environmental pollution . Environmental racism is a form of institutional racism, which has led to the disproportionate disposal of hazardous waste in communities of color in Russia. Environmental racism is a type of inequality where people in communities of color and other low income communities face a disproportionate risk of exposure to pollution and related health conditions. "Environmental racism"

6853-440: The problem and protected these people and children from this pollution they couldn't help because of finical and budget. When it come to human health risks is that the old factories around the poor areas will effect people health in a bad and harmful way. many people believe that fossil fuel is harmful for our health which can lead to many bad effecting on our health for example having illness that could effect people's health in

6942-431: The projects in their area. We need to understand everyone because we all were born in different race and culture and we should learn more about each other instead of being races, for example tourists go over all the world to learn and explore different cultures and people which if we also learn about other this will help to stop racism. Racism will effect many people's health later on in their life and it hurtful when someone

7031-415: The region especially from the 17th to 20th centuries. The establishment of the Altai Spiritual Mission in the region resulted in the severe persecution of shamanism and the kam. Christian missionaries routinely lambasted Shor shamanism as being a dark cult and the kam as servants of the devil. There was many forced conversions to Christianity as well. During the soviet era, the authorities frequently designated

7120-472: The risks from climate change. Sacrifice zones are the concept associated with these communities where systemic racism intersects with a fossil fuel-based economy. From a perspective by Energy Research & Social Science, the "fossil fuel racism" phenomenon is framed through the argument that systemic racism effectively subsidizes the fossil fuel industry by allowing it to externalize the costs of pollution onto communities of color. Fossil fuel racism allows for

7209-416: The soul of man if he can have their souls. However, the body of man would belong to Ul'gen. Erlik used a tube made out of a hollow angelica stem and placed the tube in man's mouth. Erlik blew the soul through the tube and into man's body. Ul'gen soon wanted to banish Erlik from Earth but Erlik pleaded to Ul'gen to give him a corner of land for him to live in. Ul'gen raised his staff and a hole opened up where it

7298-448: The state after deposits were discovered in the Kuznetsk Basin in the 1930s. This discovery led to a new wave of Russian settlers and workers to the region which led to the displacement of the Shors. The authorities considered the Shors to be numerically insignificant and that disenfranchising them would inconsequential to the state. The Shors greatly suffered as a result. They were driven out of their farms and villages and forced to work in

7387-792: The state does not respect or recognize the sovereignty of Indigenous nations. Some scientists and economists have looked into the prospect of Environmental Reparations, or forms of payment made to individuals who are affected by industry presence in some way. Potential groups to be impacted include individuals living in close proximity to industry, victims of natural disasters, and climate refugees who flee hazardous living conditions in their own country. Reparations can take many forms, from direct payouts to individuals, to money set aside for waste-site cleanups, to purchasing air monitors for low income residential neighborhoods, to investing in public transportation, which reduces green house gas emissions. As Robert Bullard writes, "Environmental Reparations represent

7476-423: The upper sky. Ul'gen's younger brother, Erlik , decided to create things himself. Erlik created the mountains, birds, and other animals. Meanwhile, Ul'gen created man but didn't know to make human souls and as a result the man he created was nothing more than a lifeless husk. He then set out on a journey in search of a soul and left a hairless dog to protect man in his absence. Erlik saw his chance and made his way to

7565-403: The whole community often reduce the quality of life of minority communities. These neighborhoods also may depend on the economic opportunities the site brings and are reluctant to oppose its location at the risk of their health. Additionally, controversial projects are less likely to be sited in non-minority areas that are expected to pursue collective action and succeed in opposing the siting of

7654-564: Was a term coined in 1982 by Benjamin Chavis , previous executive director of the United Church of Christ (UCC) Commission for Racial Justice. In a speech opposing the placement of hazardous polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) waste in the Warren County, North Carolina landfill , Chavis defined the term as: racial discrimination in environmental policy making, the enforcement of regulations and laws,

7743-530: Was abandoned in the Colonia Chilpancingo community and was not cleaned up until activists called for the Mexican government to clean up the waste. Environmental justice movements have grown to become an important part of world summits. This issue is gathering attention and features a wide array of people, workers, and levels of society that are working together. Concerns about globalization can bring together

7832-642: Was prominent and had a great impact on the movement was, The Native Women's Association of Canada 's (NWAC) Sisters in Spirit Initiative. This initiative aims to create reports on the deaths and disappearances of Indigenous women in order to raise awareness and get government and civil society groups to take action. Though the Canadian federal government decided to defund the Sisters in Spirit Initiative in 2010,

7921-401: Was resting. Snakes, insects, and other creatures crawled out onto the Earth and Erlik climbed down the hole to the underworld. The Shors traditionally believed that the universe was divided into three levels which were: All these realms were said to be populated by spirits, humans, animals, and other creatures. The three worlds were linked via the axis of the World Tree or Mountain. The top of

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