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62-483: Shoesmith is a surname, referring to a maker of horseshoes ( not a cobbler ). Notable people with the surname include: Gavin Shoesmith , Australian singer, songwriter, double bassist and bass guitarist George Shoesmith , was an English cricketer Joseph Shoesmith , was an English cricketer Rod Shoesmith , Australian rugby league footballer Thomas P. Shoesmith ,

124-750: A ruhaniyyat will visit in your dreams telling you your ritual was successful, from there, you will repel snakes and scorpions. Zulfiqar, the magical sword of Ali , was frequently depicted on Ottoman flags , especially as used by the Janissary cavalry, in the 16th and 17th centuries. This version of the complete prayer of Zulfiqar is also frequently invoked in talismans of the Qizilbash warriors: شیر یزدان، قدرت خدا، لا فتى إلا علي، لا سيف إلا ذو الفقار، Sher-e-Yazdan, Qudrat-e-Khuda, Lafata illa Ali; La Saifa illa Zulfiqar.'' A record of Live like Ali, die like Hussein as part of

186-422: A " barefoot " hoof, at least for part of every year, is a healthy option for most horses. However, horseshoes have their place and can help prevent excess or abnormal hoof wear and injury to the foot. Many horses go without shoes year round, some using temporary protection such as hoof boots for short-term use. Shoeing, when performed correctly, causes no pain to the animal. Farriers trim the insensitive part of

248-407: A conduit for divine protection, which can involve both the attraction of positive energies to the wearer and the deflection of disease, danger and the evil eye. They may also be referred to as a hafiz, (protector) as well as a himala (pendant) often affixed to or suspended from the body, for example as a necklace, ring, talismanic shirt, or a small object within a portable pouch. Lea Olsan writes of

310-565: A golden horseshoe laid over a field scattered with acorns. This refers to an ancient tradition in which every noble visiting Oakham, Rutland's county town, presents a horseshoe to the Lord of the Manor, which is then nailed to the wall of Oakham Castle . Over the centuries, the Castle has amassed a vast collection of horseshoes, the oldest of which date from the 15th century. A massive golden horseshoe structure

372-541: A lighter shoe is desired, and often facilitate certain types of movement; they are often favored in the discipline of dressage . Some horseshoes have " caulkins ", "caulks", or "calks": protrusions at the toe or heels of the shoe, or both, to provide additional traction. The fitting of horseshoes is a professional occupation, conducted by a farrier , who specializes in the preparation of feet, assessing potential lameness issues, and fitting appropriate shoes, including remedial features where required. In some countries, such as

434-558: A longer talismanic inscription was published by Tewfik Canaan in The Decipherment of Persian and sometimes Arabic Talismans (1938). The Seal of Solomon, also known as the interlaced triangle, is another ancient talisman and amulet that has been commonly used in several religions. Reputed to be the emblem by which King Solomon ruled the Genii , it could not have originated with him. Its use has been traced in different cultures long before

496-433: A talisman which could earn love from a king, family member, or peer, one should use lead, iron, bronze, gold, or silver. To make a harmful talisman for creating conflicts between others, receiving money, defending or destroying a place, or winning a legal battle, one should use pitch and tar, bitumen, and aloes. An example of how to make a love talisman according to Ibn Qurra's book is as follows: Firstly, one must make sure it

558-492: A wide variety of materials and styles, developed for different types of horses and for the work they do. The most common materials are steel and aluminium , but specialized shoes may include use of rubber , plastic , magnesium , titanium , or copper . Steel tends to be preferred in sports in which a strong, long-wearing shoe is needed, such as polo , eventing , show jumping , and western riding events. Aluminium shoes are lighter, making them common in horse racing where

620-588: Is considered Shirk . However, use of verses of the Qur'an in slips of parchment rolled inside talismanic objects has been common throughout the Muslim World. For example, Muslim Ibn al-hajjaj instructed military commanders to inscribe Quran 54:46 on a cloth with rosewater, musk, and amber when Libra is rising and in the hour of the sun, and to carry it to the battlefield to prosper over oppressors and nonbelievers. The 10th century ‘Abbasid mathematician, Thabit ibn Qurra ,

682-445: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Horseshoe A horseshoe is a product designed to protect a horse hoof from wear . Shoes are attached on the palmar surface (ground side) of the hooves, usually nailed through the insensitive hoof wall that is anatomically akin to the human toenail , although much larger and thicker. However, there are also cases where shoes are glued . Horseshoes are available in

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744-651: Is erected over the shopping mall of the Tuuri village in Alavus , a town of Finland . It is one of the most famous monuments in the locality; however, it stands at number three in Reuters ' list of world's ugliest buildings and monuments. The sport of horseshoes involves a horseshoe being thrown as close as possible to a rod in order to score points. As far as it is known, the sport is as old as horseshoes themselves. While traditional horseshoes can still be used, most organized versions of

806-435: Is the correct astrological time to perform this ritual because it is the eleventh place, or house , that is connected to friendship. Next, one must make a talisman of a man's figure during the specific astrological time, and with specific intention, and it must be engraved with the other person's name. Thirdly, one must make a second talisman, and it should be engraved with the name of the receiver of this love. After this, both

868-418: Is used for a popular throwing game, horseshoes . Since the early history of domestication of the horse , working animals were found to be exposed to many conditions that created breakage or excessive hoof wear. Ancient people recognized the need for the walls (and sometimes the sole) of domestic horses' hooves to have additional protection over and above any natural hardness. An early form of hoof protection

930-731: The Jewish Dispensation . As a talisman it was believed to be all-powerful, the ideal symbol of the absolute, and was worn for protection against all fatalities, threats, and trouble, and to protect its wearer from all evil. In its constitution, the triangle with its apex upwards represents good, and with the inverted triangle, evil. The triangle with its apex up was typical of the Trinity, figures that occur in several religions. In India , China and Japan , its three angles represent Brahma , Vishnu , and Shiva , who are considered in Hindu doctrine as

992-770: The Mogao Caves dated to 584 AD depicts a man caring for a horse's hoof, which some speculate might be depicting horseshoe nailing, but the mural is too eroded to tell clearly. The earliest reference to iron horseshoes in China dates to 938 AD during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period . A monk named Gao Juhui sent to the Western Regions writes that the people in Ganzhou (now Zhangye ) taught him how to make "horse hoof muse ", which had four holes in it that connected to four holes in

1054-546: The Warring States period (476–221 BC), during which Zhuangzi recommended shaving horse hooves to keep them in good shape. The Discourses on Salt and Iron in 81 BC mentions using leather shoes, but it is not clear if they were used for protecting horse hooves or to aid in mounting the horse. Remnants of iron horseshoes have been found in what is now northeast China, but the tombs date to the Goguryeo period in 414 AD. A mural in

1116-670: The Yangtze , he noted that in Sichuan "cattle wore straw shoes to prevent their slipping on the wet ground" while in northern China, "horses and cattle are shod with iron shoes and nails." The majority of Chinese horseshoe discoveries have been in Jilin , Heilongjiang , Liaoning , Sichuan, and Tibet . Many changes brought about by the domestication of the horse , such as putting them in wetter climates and exercising them less, have led to horses' hooves hardening less and being more vulnerable to injury. In

1178-463: The ancient Greek telesma ( τέλεσμα ), meaning "completion, religious rite, payment", ultimately from the verb teleō ( τελέω ), "I complete, perform a rite". According to new age talismanic practices, features with magical associations—such as colors, scents, symbology , and patterns, figures—can be integrated into the creation of a talisman in addition to the chosen planetary or elemental symbolism. However, these must be used in harmony with

1240-564: The Creator, Preserver, and the Destroyer respectively. In ancient Egypt , it represented the deities Osiris , Isis and Horus . In Christianity , it represented the Holy Trinity . As a whole it stands for the elements of fire and spirit, composed of the three virtues (love, truth, and wisdom). The triangle with its apex downward symbolized the element of water, and typified the material world, or

1302-549: The Egyptian Crux Ansata in the center. Talismanic shirts are found throughout the Islamic world. The earliest surviving examples date from the 15th century, but the tradition is thought to pre-date that. The shirts may be inscribed with verses from Quran or names of Allah and of prophets. They may also carry images of holy sites or astrological symbols. The inscribed names are believed to offer protection and guidance to

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1364-516: The Great and Aristotle explore a variety of instructions of how to harness these spiritual forces through talisman, concoctions, amulets, and more that are each used for a designated purpose. Some instructions include placing a carved stone on top of a ring that is then placed on a dead black ram when Mars is in a specific degree of Scorpio and the moon is in Cancer. These texts dates are unknown however, they were

1426-474: The Quranic inscriptions on the inside of the bowl. Inscribed on this bowl are also suggestions that the person inflicted with the disease or bite, does not need to be the one to consume the liquid from the bowl. It could be taken by somebody around or associated to the inflicted person, but it does not mention how the magic is transferred to the person in need of help. This specific bowl was also used for barakah when

1488-669: The Romans invented the "mule shoes" sometime after 100 BC is supported by a reference by Catullus who died in 54 BC. However, these references to use of horseshoes and muleshoes in Rome may have been to the "hipposandal"—leather boots, reinforced by an iron plate, rather than to nailed horseshoes. Existing references to the nailed shoe are relatively late, first known to have appeared around AD 900, but there may have been earlier uses given that some have been found in layers of dirt. There are no extant references to nailed horseshoes prior to

1550-504: The UK, horseshoeing is legally restricted to people with specific qualifications and experience. In others, such as the United States, where professional licensing is not legally required, professional organizations provide certification programs that publicly identify qualified individuals. When kept as a talisman , a horseshoe is said to bring good luck . A stylized variation of the horseshoe

1612-598: The assertion by some writers that it was used by the Egyptians, there is little evidence to suggest they used it and it has not been found among their remains. Both forms, with arms turned to the left and to the right, seem equally common. On the stone walls of the Buddhist caves of India, which feature many of the symbols, arms are often turned both ways in the same inscription. The Renaissance scientific building Uraniborg has been interpreted as an astrological talisman to support

1674-474: The basis of many mystical practices in the Islamic medieval world. The Pseudo-Aristotelian text Sirr al-Asrar offers more instructions specifically with "kings talisman" which keeps harm away. It tells that when there are certain astrological marks, a ruby red stone should be carved on a Thursday with a man with wings and a crown riding a lion with a flag, while six other hairless men bow under his hands. This should then be burned in an extensive ritual where after

1736-418: The bowl was filled with water and sat overnight to absorb healing powers. The Pseudo-Aristotelian Hermetica , a series of closely related Arabic texts attributed to Hermes Trismegistus and perhaps dating to the ninth century CE, explores the concept of ruhaniyyat, i.e., angels from spiritual force/realm in the natural world, and how an individual can gain access to those forces. Text between Alexander

1798-529: The carrier. Talismanic shirts were worn to protect against many evils; many were made to be worn under armour as an additional form of protection. The swastika, one of the oldest and most widespread talismans known, can be traced to the Stone Age , and has been found incised on stone implements of this era. It can be found in all parts of the Old and New Worlds , and on the most prehistoric ruins and remnants. In spite of

1860-401: The edge where it meets the shoe and eliminate any sharp edges left from cutting off the nails. Horseshoes have long been considered lucky. They were originally made of iron, a material that was believed to ward off evil spirits, and traditionally were held in place with seven nails, seven being the luckiest number. The superstition acquired a further Christian twist due to a legend surrounding

1922-443: The elemental or planetary force chosen so as to amplify the intended power of the talisman. It is also possible to add a personal touch to the talisman by incorporating a verse, inscription, or pattern that is of particular meaning to the maker. These inscriptions can be sigils (magical emblems), bible verses , or sonnets , but they too must be in harmony with the talisman's original purpose. In Islam , using amulets as protection

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1984-480: The game use specialized sport horseshoes, which do not fit on horses' hooves. [REDACTED]   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). " Horse-shoes ". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Talisman Talismans have been used in many civilizations throughout history, with connections to astrological, scientific, and religious practices; but

2046-517: The hoof to wear down as it naturally would in the wild, and it can then become too long. The coffin bone inside the hoof should line up straight with both bones in the pastern . If the excess hoof is not trimmed, the bones will become misaligned, which would place stress on the legs of the animal. Shoes are then measured to the foot and bent to the correct shape using a hammer, anvil, forge, and other modifications, such as taps for shoe studs , are added. Farriers may either cold shoe, in which they bend

2108-402: The hoof, which is the same area into which they drive the nails. This is analogous to a manicure on a human fingernail, only on a much larger scale. Before beginning to shoe, the farrier removes the old shoe using pincers (shoe pullers) and trims the hoof wall to the desired length with nippers, a sharp pliers-like tool, and the sole and frog of the hoof with a hoof knife. Shoes do not allow

2170-645: The horse's hoof, and were thus put together. They also recommended using yak skin shoes for camel hooves. Iron horseshoes however did not become common for another three centuries. Zhao Rukuo writes in Zhu Fan Zhi , finished in 1225, that the horses of the Arabs and Persians used metal for horse shoes, implying that horses in China did not. After the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271 AD, iron horseshoes became more common in northern China. When Thomas Blakiston travelled up

2232-466: The horse, became common in the 16th century. From the need for horseshoes, the craft of blacksmithing became "one of the great staple crafts of medieval and modern times and contributed to the development of metallurgy." A treatise titled "No Foot, No Horse" was published in England in 1751. In 1835, the first U.S. patent for a horseshoe manufacturing machine capable of making up to 60 horseshoes per hour

2294-402: The hot shoe against the hoof too long, as the heat can damage the hoof. Hot shoes are placed in water to cool them. The farrier then nails the shoes on by driving the nails into the hoof wall at the white line of the hoof. The nails are shaped in such a way that they bend outward as they are driven in, avoiding the sensitive inner part of the foot, so they emerge on the sides of the hoof. When

2356-538: The luck is poured upon those entering the home. Superstitious sailors believe that nailing a horseshoe to the mast will help their vessel avoid storms. In heraldry, horseshoes most often occur as canting charges, such as in the arms of families with names like Farrier, Marshall, and Smith. A horseshoe (together with two hammers) also appears in the arms of Hammersmith and Fulham , a borough in London. The flag of Rutland , England's smallest historic county , consists of

2418-462: The metal shoe without heating it, or hot shoe, in which they place the metal in a forge before bending it. Hot shoeing can be more time-consuming, and requires the farrier to have access to a forge; however, it usually provides a better fit, as the mark made on the hoof from the hot shoe can show how even it lies. It also allows the farrier to make more modifications to the shoe, such as drawing toe- and quarter-clips. The farrier must take care not to hold

2480-428: The nail has been completely driven, the farrier cuts off the sharp points and uses a clincher (a form of tongs made especially for this purpose) or a clinching block with hammer to bend the rest of the nail so it is almost flush with the hoof wall. This prevents the nail from getting caught on anything, and also helps to hold the nail, and therefore the shoe, in place. The farrier then uses a rasp (large file), to smooth

2542-470: The names and cognomina of each person should be engraved on both talismans. They must be positioned so that the names on each talisman touches the heart of the other talisman. Next in the process is to take a piece of unused parchment or cloth that has been purified with musk, ambergris, and camphor, and draw the ‘rings' of the lords of the ascendant and eleventh place. The talismans must be purified with saffron, aloe-wood, and frankincense, and then folded in

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2604-414: The natural world that could cure disease with charms and spells. Many bowls were inscribed with text explaining what this bowl should be used to cure (i.e. colic, childbirth, a nosebleed etc.) as well as instructions of how to use it. The bronzed engraved "Magic Bowl" from Syria c. 1200 is an example of a dish used to ease childbirth as well as ease the sting of a scorpion and bite of a mad dog, according to

2666-462: The necessity of using a talisman to ensure conception of a child. He describes the process of producing this kind of talisman as "...writing words, some uninterruptible, some biblical, on a parchment to be hung around the neck of the man or woman during intercourse." In the Quran , magic is introduced by the two angels of Babel, Harūt and Marūt. Magic, or sihr , was seen as a supernatural force existing in

2728-485: The origin of the horseshoe. Because iron was a valuable commodity, and any worn out items were generally reforged and reused, it is difficult to locate clear archaeological evidence. Although some credit the Druids , there is no hard evidence to support this claim. In 1897 four bronze horseshoes with what are apparently nail holes were found in an Etruscan tomb dated around 400 BC. The assertion by some historians that

2790-607: The planet Saturn. The Serpent’s Gate is a gate in the Aleppo Citadel that contains a talismanic relief depicting two serpents. The serpents are biting their own body and encircling stars. The serpents are believed to have protective powers against the enemies of the citadel. The Bab Al-Tilsam, or the Talisman Gate, was a gate in Baghdad known for its talismanic inscriptions. The gate depicts two knotted serpents who are being held by

2852-432: The previously prepared cloth or parchment. This purification process should be repeated for three consecutive nights. During this process, a specific prayer related to the maker's intention must be recited, and the individual must be bathed and have clean clothes. In the Islamic world, talismans were regularly employed for personal, social, political, and ideological reasons at both popular and elite levels. They function as

2914-482: The reign of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI , and by 973 occasional references to them can be found. The earliest clear written record of iron horseshoes is a reference to "crescent figured irons and their nails" in AD 910. There is very little evidence of any sort that suggests the existence of nailed-on shoes prior to AD 500 or 600, though there is a find dated to the fifth century AD of a horseshoe, complete with nails, found in

2976-450: The same text, it is stressed that extensive knowledge of both astronomy and astrology is needed for creating a talisman. This information is necessary because talismans should be made at the moment of an auspicious celestial event. One's birth horoscope could also be a factor in the efficacy of talismans. The maker cannot have any distractions or doubts, otherwise their talisman will be powerless. Adelard's translation specifies that to make

3038-450: The shoe, but only after extracting a promise that the Devil would never enter a household with a horseshoe nailed to the door. Opinion is divided as to which way up the horseshoe ought to be nailed. Some say the ends should point up, so that the horseshoe catches the luck, and that a horseshoe with ends pointing down allows the good luck to be lost; others say the ends should point down, so that

3100-399: The sole of the foot keeps it thick and hard. However, in domestication , the manner in which horses are used is different. Domesticated horses are brought to colder and wetter areas than their ancestral habitat. These softer and heavier soils soften the hooves and make them prone to splitting, thus making hoof protection necessary. Domestic horses do not always require shoes. When possible,

3162-427: The tenth-century saint Dunstan , who worked as a blacksmith before becoming Archbishop of Canterbury. The legend recounts that, one day, the Devil walked into Dunstan's shop and asked him to shoe his horse. Dunstan pretended not to recognize him, and agreed to the request; but rather than nailing the shoe to the horse's hoof, he nailed it to the Devil's own foot, causing him great pain. Dunstan eventually agreed to remove

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3224-424: The theory around preparation and use has changed in some cultures with more recent, new age, talismanic theory. Talismans are used for a wide array of functions, such as: the personal protection of the wearer, loved ones or belongings, aiding in fertility, and helping crop production. The word talisman comes from French talisman , via Arabic ṭilasm ( طِلَسْم , plural طلاسم ṭalāsim ), which comes from

3286-510: The three enemies of the soul: the world, the flesh, and the Devil, and the cardinal sins , envy, hatred and malice. Therefore, the two triangles interlaced represent the victory of spirit over matter. The early cultures that contributed to Western civilization believed that the Seal of Solomon was an all-powerful talisman and amulet, especially when used with either a Cross of Tau , the Hebrew Yodh , or

3348-455: The time of the Crusades (1096–1270), horseshoes were widespread and frequently mentioned in various written sources. In that period, due to the value of iron, horseshoes were even accepted in lieu of coin to pay taxes. By the 13th century, shoes were forged in large quantities and could be bought ready made. Hot shoeing, the process of shaping a heated horseshoe immediately before placing it on

3410-549: The tomb of the Frankish King Childeric I at Tournai , Belgium. Around 1000 AD, cast bronze horseshoes with nail holes became common in Europe. A design with a scalloped outer rim and six nail holes was common. According to Gordon Ward the scalloped edges were created by double punching the nail holes causing the edges to bulge. The 13th and 14th centuries brought the widespread manufacturing of iron horseshoes. By

3472-481: The use of amulets and talismans as prescribed by medical practitioners in the medieval period. She notes that the use of such charms and prayers was "rarely a treatment of choice" because such treatments could not be properly justified in the realm of Galen 's medical teachings. Their use, however, was typically considered acceptable; references to amulets were common in medieval medical literature. For example, one well-known medieval physician, Gilbertus , writes of

3534-449: The wild, a horse may travel up to 50 miles (80 km) per day to obtain adequate forage. While horses in the wild cover large areas of terrain, they usually do so at relatively slow speeds, unless being chased by a predator. They also tend to live in arid steppe climates. The consequence of slow but nonstop travel in a dry climate is that horses' feet are naturally worn to a small, smooth, even, and hard state. The continual stimulation of

3596-458: The work and health of scholars working inside it, designed using Marsilio Ficino 's theorized mechanism for astrological influence. Length ratios that the designer, the astrologer and alchemist Tycho Brahe , worked into the building and its gardens match those that Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa associated with Jupiter and the sun. This choice would have counteracted the believed tendency of scholars to be phlegmatic, melancholy and overly influenced by

3658-727: Was an American Diplomat who served as the ambassador of the United States to Malaysia [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Shoesmith . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shoesmith&oldid=1254436978 " Categories : Surnames English-language surnames Occupational surnames English-language occupational surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

3720-425: Was considered to be an expert on talismans. In one of his texts on talismans, he wrote, ‘The noblest part of astronomy is the science of talismans.' According to the 12th century translator John of Seville and Limia's version of ibn Qurra's Arabic text, De imaginibus , he saw talismans and astronomy to be more crucial for gaining wisdom than the studies of geometry and philosophy. In Adelard of Bath's translation of

3782-541: Was issued to Henry Burden. In mid-19th-century Canada , marsh horseshoes kept horses from sinking into the soft intertidal mud during dike-building. In a common design, a metal horseshoe holds a flat wooden shoe in place. In China, iron horseshoes became common during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), prior to which rattan and leather shoes were used to preserve animal hooves. Evidence of the preservation of horse hooves in China dates to

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3844-504: Was seen in ancient Asia, where horses' hooves were wrapped in rawhide, leather, or other materials for both therapeutic purposes and protection from wear. From archaeological finds in Great Britain , the Romans appeared to have attempted to protect their horses' feet with a strap-on, solid-bottomed " hipposandal " that has a slight resemblance to the modern hoof boot . Historians differ on

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