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29-722: Much of Dewa Province was controlled by the powerful Mogami clan during the Sengoku period . The Mogami established a subsidiary holding centered on Sakanobe Castle in what is now Mamurogawa in Yamagata , based on the Sengoku-period foundations of a structure erected by the Onodera clan. However, the Mogami were dispossessed by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1622, with the majority of their holdings going to

58-719: A few were then divided to give a total of 45 by 1885. Adding Hokkaidō and Okinawa produced the current total of 47 prefectures. Provinces are classified into Kinai (in or near the capital, then Kyoto) and seven or eight dō (routes, or circuits ), collectively known as the Gokishichidō . However, dō in this context should not be confused with modern traffic lines such as the Tōkaidō from Tokyo to Kyoto or Kobe . Also, Hokkaidō in this context should not be confused with Hokkaidō Prefecture , although these two overlap geographically. No order has ever been issued explicitly abolishing

87-590: Is based on the Gokishichidō ( 五畿七道 ) , which includes short-lived provinces. Provinces located within Hokkaidō are listed last. Equivalent to Shikoku and its surroundings, as well as a nearby area of Honshu Equivalent to Kyushu and its surroundings Equivalent to Hokkaido and its surroundings. Originally known as the Ezo Region , before being renamed and organized as 11 provinces (1869–1882). Detailed maps of

116-449: Is now the Shōnai area of Yamagata Prefecture . The capital of the new province was initially established at Dewanosaku (出羽柵), a fortified settlement in what is now part of Sakata, Yamagata , which served as a vital military stronghold in the expansion of Yamato control and settlement in the region. In 733, the capital was moved north, and a new military settlement, later named " Akita Castle ",

145-600: Is true for some city names, for example to distinguish Yamato-Koriyama, Nara from Koriyama, Fukushima . Simplified names of provinces ( -shū ) are also used, such as Shinshū soba and Kishū dog . Some of the province names are used to indicate distinct parts of the current prefectures along with their cultural and geographical characteristics. In many cases these names are also in use with directional characters, e.g. Hoku-Setsu ( 北摂 ) meaning Northern ( 北 ) Settsu ( 摂津 ) area. The districts are still considered prefectural subdivisions, but following mergers or divisions of

174-543: The Fuhanken sanchisei during the Meiji Restoration from 1868 to 1871, except for Hokkaido , which was divided into provinces from 1869 to 1882. No order has ever been issued explicitly abolishing the provinces, but they are considered obsolete as administrative units. The provinces are still used in general conversation, especially in navigation and transportation, and referenced in products and geographical features of

203-586: The Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration , Shinjō Domain was initially in favor of the Satchō Alliance , but later became a member of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei . However, after Kubota Domain switched sides to favor the Meiji government , Shinjō Domain soon followed. Neighboring Shōnai Domain , outraged by the betrayal, sent its army to invade Shinjō Domain, and after a fierce battle, destroyed Shinjō Castle and much of

232-671: The Edo period , the fiefs became known as han . Imperial provinces and shogunal domains made up complementary systems. For example, when the shōgun ordered a daimyō to make a census or to make maps, the work was organized in terms of the boundaries of the provincial kuni . At the Meiji Restoration , the han were legitimized as administrative units by the reform known as the Fuhanken Sanchisei , but they were gradually replaced by prefectures between 1868 and 1871 (urban prefectures were called fu and rural prefectures ken ). Provinces as part of

261-498: The Nara period (710 to 794), but remained unchanged from the Heian period (794 to 1185) until the Edo period (1603 to 1868). The provinces coexisted with the han (domain) system, the personal estates of feudal lords and warriors, and became secondary to the domains in the late Muromachi period (1336 to 1573). The Provinces of Japan were replaced with the current prefecture system in

290-577: The Satake clan , who were transferred from Hitachi Province to their new (and much smaller) holdings at Kubota Domain . Tozawa Moriyasu , a relatively minor daimyō originally from Kakunodate in Dewa Province served Toyotomi Hideyoshi at the Battle of Odawara in 1590; however, he fell ill and died shortly thereafter. His son, Tozawa Masamori sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle of Sekigahara , and

319-496: The 600s to 1868. Provinces were established in Japan in the late 7th century under the Ritsuryō law system that formed the first central government . Each province was divided into districts ( 郡 , gun ) and grouped into one of the geographic regions or circuits known as the Gokishichidō (Five Home Provinces and Seven Circuits). Provincial borders often changed until the end of

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348-498: The Dewa Province as a fief from Ashikaga Takauji , but ruled it only in name. By the end of the Sengoku period , the Mogami clan had emerged as the strongest local force in the southern portion of the province, whereas the Akita clan dominated the northern portion of the province. Both clans sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle of Sekigahara , and were thus secured in their holdings at

377-508: The Emishi tribes, and after an uprising in 767, pacification expeditions were carried out in 776, 778, 794, 801 and 811. During the Nara period , under the Engishiki classification system, Dewa was ranked as a "greater country" (上国). Under the ritsuryō system, Dewa was classed as a "far country" (遠国). The name of the province was originally pronounced "Idewa". The Ichinomiya of Dewa Province

406-484: The domain suffered severely from lax taxation and fiscal policies, and repeated crop shortages in the Hōei , Tenmei and Tenpyō eras. From the 5th daimyō , Tozawa Masanobu through the 10th daimyō , Tozawa Masayoshi , the domain attempted to implement fiscal austerity policies, and to introduce new sources of revenue (such as sericulture ), but with little effect in removing the deep debt burden on domain finances. During

435-485: The domain's official revenues were increased to 68,200 koku . Masamori died in 1650, and his son Tozawa Masanobu ruled for the next 60 years, providing the domain with an exceptionally long period of stability and prosperity. Its actual revenues in the Genroku era were estimated at 132,000 koku , and its population approached 60,000 inhabitants. However, towards the end of Masanobu's era, and under his son Tozawa Masatsune ,

464-491: The prefectures covering their former territories. The provinces were originally established by the Ritsuryō reforms as both administrative units and geographic regions. From the late Muromachi period , however, they were gradually supplanted by the domains of the sengoku daimyō . Under the rule of Toyotomi Hideyoshi during Azuchi–Momoyama period, the provinces were supplemented as primary local administrative units. The local daimyōs ' fiefs were developed. In

493-587: The pro-Tokugawa forces, the new Meiji government reorganized Dewa province into Ugo Province ( 羽後国 ) in the north, and Uzen Province ( 羽前国 ) in the south in 1868.These provinces became Akita Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture on August 2, 1876. [REDACTED] Media related to Dewa Province at Wikimedia Commons 39°00′59″N 140°19′02″E  /  39.01639°N 140.31722°E  / 39.01639; 140.31722 Provinces of Japan Provinces of Japan ( 令制国 , Ryōseikoku ) were first-level administrative divisions of Japan from

522-523: The provinces they may be shared among several prefectures (such as the original Adachi District of Musashi , which is now divided between Adachi Ward in Tokyo and Kita-Adachi District in Saitama ). Many of these old provincial districts have been dissolved as their chief towns have been merged into larger cities or towns. See individual prefecture pages for mergers and abolitions of districts. The following list

551-625: The provinces, but they are considered obsolete. Nevertheless, their names are still widely used in names of natural features, company names, and brands. These province names are considered to be mainly of historical interest. They are also used for the names of items, including family names , most of which were popularized in or after the Edo period . Examples include sanuki udon , iyokan , tosa ken , Chikuzenni , and awa odori . Japan Rail and other railway stations also use them in names to distinguish themselves from similarly named stations in other prefectures, such as Musashi-Kosugi Station . The same

580-598: The start of the Tokugawa shogunate . During the early Edo period , both the Mogami and the Akita were dispossessed, and their territories broken up into smaller domains , the largest of which were held by the Sakai clan and Uesugi clans . During the Bakumatsu period , all of the domains in the area joined the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei supporting the Tokugawa shogunate. Following the defeat of

609-427: The surrounding castle town. The 11th daimyō , Tozawa Masazane escaped to Kubota Castle , where he remained in exile for 70 days until his domain was liberated by forces loyal to the new Meiji government. On June 2, 1869, the new government awarded Shinjō Domain with an increase in revenues of 15,000 koku . However, later the same month, the government issued a decree abolishing the domain system . The former domain

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638-459: The system of addresses were not abolished but, on the contrary, augmented. As of 1871, the number of prefectures was 304, while the number of provinces was 68, not including Hokkaidō or the Ryūkyū Islands . The boundaries between the many prefectures were not only very complicated, but also did not match those of the provinces. Prefectures were gradually merged to reduce the number to 37 by 1881;

667-506: Was absorbed into Yamagata Prefecture in July 1871. Dewa Province Dewa Province ( 出羽国 , Dewa no kuni ) was a province of Japan comprising modern-day Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture , except for the city of Kazuno and the town of Kosaka . Dewa bordered on Mutsu and Echigō Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Ushū ( 羽州 ) . Prior to the Asuka period , Dewa

696-578: Was built what is now in the Takashimizu area of the city of Akita. Abe no Yakamaro was sent as Chinjufu-shōgun . In 737, a major military operation began to connect Akita Castle with Taga Castle on the Pacific Coast. Over the next 50 years, additional fortifications were erected at Okachi in Dewa Province and Monofu in Mutsu Province involving a force of over 5000 men. The road was greatly resented by

725-474: Was eventually promoted to the status of a 40,000- koku daimyō at Hitachi-Matsuoka Domain in Hitachi Province . When the Mogami were dispossessed, the Tokugawa shogunate transferred him from Hitachi to the newly created Shinjō Domain, and increased his revenues to 60,000 koku , where his descendants ruled for 11 generations to the Meiji Restoration . In 1625, due to development of new rice lands,

754-497: Was gradually extended to the north as the Japanese pushed back the indigenous people of northern Honshū . Dewa District was promoted to the status of a province ( Dewa Province ( 出羽国 , Dewa no kuni ) ) in 712 AD, and gained Okitama and Mogami Districts, formerly part of Mutsu Province. A number of military expeditions were sent to the area, with armed colonists forming settlements with wooden palisades across central Dewa in what

783-561: Was inhabited by Ainu or Emishi tribes, and was effectively outside of the control of the imperial dynasty . Abe no Hirafu conquered the native Emishi tribes at what are now the cities of Akita and Noshiro in 658 and established a fort on the Mogami River . In 708 AD Dewa District ( 出羽郡 , Dewa-gun ) was created within Echigō Province. The area of Dewa District was roughly that of the modern Shōnai area of Yamagata Prefecture, and

812-687: Was later a battleground in the Gosannen War and the Former Nine Years War . Following the destruction of the Northern Fujiwara clan by the forces of the Kamakura shogunate in 1189, many Fujiwara partisans fled to the mountains of Dewa and continued to resist central authority. The area was divided into numerous shōen during the Kamakura period , which developed into the centers of numerous rival samurai clans. In 1335, Shiba Kaneyori received

841-564: Was the Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine in what is now Yuza, Yamagata . During the Heian period , in 878, a major rebellion known as the Gangyo Disturbance ( 元慶の乱 , Gangyo no ran ) erupted in the region against Yamato rule. Another major uprising occurred in 939, as part of East Japan war Tengyō no Ran . Towards the end of the Heian period, the province was organized into eleven districts. It

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