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25-534: Shibayama may refer to: Shibayama, Chiba , a town in Japan Shibayama Tsutomu , Japanese anime director Shibayama Railway , a railway company in Chiba Prefecture, Japan Shibayama, a technique to decorate objects named after its inventor Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

50-562: A humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa ) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Shibayama is 14.7 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1517 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.9 °C, and lowest in January, at around 4.7 °C. Per Japanese census data,

75-549: A funeral ritual. Other than the Kibi area, the only other place these sculptures were found was in the Izumo province . During the latter part of the third century, these sculptures started to appear on top of the imperial grave mounds in the Kinai region. During this time more elaborate haniwa appeared with earthenware bowls. It is believed that the movement of these sculptures and haniwa from

100-432: A local industrial base due to the airport's presence, and hosts three major industrial areas. The remainder of the town is agricultural, and much of it is covered with rice paddies and areas of vegetable production. As it lies directly beneath one of the main approach paths to the airport, noise pollution and eminent domain issues have caused it to be a center of anti-airport activism. Chiba Prefecture Shibayama has

125-467: A museum with displays of haniwa as well as Buddhist art and artifacts. Haniwa The Haniwa ( 埴輪 ) are terracotta clay figures that were made for ritual use and buried with the dead as funerary objects during the Kofun period (3rd to 6th centuries AD) of the history of Japan . Haniwa were created according to the wazumi technique, in which mounds of coiled clay were built up to shape

150-461: A new row of haniwa barrels was arranged to make the next level and the process was repeated until the mound was the desired height. Additional soil was added to the exterior to form sloping sides. Toward the early 4th century CE, haniwa sculptures in the shape of shields and other tools started to appear. By the middle Kofun period (mid-5th century AD), there were haniwa statues in the shape of shrine maidens , horses, dogs, and other animals. As

175-518: A rule to erect clay figures and not to hurt people." It was therefore thought that these clay figures may have replaced live human sacrifices. However, haniwa figures were not made until long after Suinin's rule had ended. The origin of haniwa started during the latter part of the Yayoi period around the Kingdom of Kibi . During this time special earthenware figurines and bowls started to appear on top of

200-646: A term that means "ancient people". The festival ends after dark with a bonfire at the Shibayama Kumano Shrine that symbolizes the funeral service of a local Kofun-period ruler. Kannonkyō-ji , a Buddhist temple of the Tendai sect, is popularly known in the town as the Shibayama Niōson Temple. It dates, by tradition, to 781 and contains a 3-tiered pagoda . The pagoda is designated a Chiba Prefectural Important Cultural Property. The temple also features

225-549: Is located in northeastern Chiba Prefecture, about 30 kilometers from the prefectural capital at Chiba and 50 to 60 kilometers from the center of Tokyo. The town is a hilly area, located almost in the center of the Shimōsa Plateau . Narita International Airport is located to the north of the town on the border between Shibayama and Narita. Most airport service facilities are located on the Narita side: however, Shibayama has developed

250-613: The Shibayama Kofungun . Shibayama is home to the Shibayama Kofun Haniwa Museum , located in close proximity to the Shibayama Kofungun. The Shibayama Haniwa Festival is held annually on the second Sunday of November. Created in 1982, the festival is a day-long which centers on a procession of adults dressed as local Kofun-period rulers, and elementary and middle school children dressed as kodaijin ( 古代人 ) ,

275-653: The burial mound . Because these haniwa display the contemporary clothing, hairstyle, farming tools, and architecture, these sculptures are important as a historical archive of the Kofun Period. Everyday pottery items from that period are called Haji pottery . Earlier, clay figurines, called dogū , appeared during the Jōmon period . Hiroaki Sato cites a passage from the Nihon Shoki , in which Emperor Suinin issued an imperial edict concerning funerals: "From now on make it

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300-588: The funeral mounds , so it is believed that they had a purpose in funeral rituals; however, as the haniwa became more developed, they were set toward the outside of the grave area. It is thought that they were used as boundary markers for the borders of the gravesite. There is a theory that the soul of the deceased would reside in the haniwa , as the earlier haniwa were placed on top of the funeral mounds. There are haniwa that are equipped with weapons and armor. These are thought to be containers for souls. The armor and weapons would drive away evil spirits and protect

325-450: The haniwa were found in southern Honshū —especially the Kinai region around Nara —and northern Kyūshū . Haniwa grave offerings were made in many forms, such as horses, chickens, birds, fans, fish, houses, weapons, shields, sunshades, pillows, and humans. Besides decorative and spiritual reasons of protecting the deceased in the afterlife, these figures served as a sort of retaining wall for

350-499: The haniwa . They have been accepted as "Pure Art", according to Time magazine. Beyond simple appreciation as artistic sculptures, modern popular culture has, in some cases, portrayed the haniwa as containing a sentient entity and not just as a simple empty sculpture. The portrayal of living haniwa has—since the late 1990s—become widespread, being featured in entertainment mediums, including but not limited to: video games , trading cards , movies , and television . In some of

375-694: The Chiba Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Chiba 11th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan . In 2007 Nippon Cargo Airlines signed an order with Taisei Corporation for the construction of a crew training center. Construction on the crew center, located in Shibayama, was to begin in September 2007. The company scheduled for the facility to become operational in September 2008. Shibayama has one public elementary school and one public middle school operated by

400-407: The Kibi region to the Kinai region is indicative of an increase in their importance. During the earlier part of the Kofun period (later 3rd century CE) the only earthenware haniwa were cylindrical, like barrels. These haniwa barrels were used to form the kofun mound. They were arranged in the shape of the mound (square, circle, or keyhole) and soil was brought in to fill the interior, and then

425-429: The buried ruler from calamity. Because the horse- and animal-shaped haniwa were normally neatly arranged into a line, it is believed that they were part of a sending-off ceremony. Although the religious implications of the haniwa have largely declined in modern society, the sculptures are prized by many for their aesthetic and historical significance. The works of Isamu Noguchi, for example, were heavily influenced by

450-419: The category of keisho-haniwa were those shaped like humans, animals, and swords. The details on the haniwa give information about the elite buried in the tomb, and represent some of the tools or other objects people of that time used. The military haniwa inform archeologists of the armour and weapons, as well as the status symbols of the military class. Originally, the cylindrical type haniwa were set on top of

475-427: The figure, layer by layer. Haniwa can also refer to offering cylinders, not the clay sculptures on top of them as well as the "wooden haniwa" found in Kofun tumuli . Terracotta Haniwa were made with water-based clay and dried into a coarse and absorbent material that stood the test of time. Their name means "circle of clay", referring to how they were arranged in a circle above the tomb. The protruding parts of

500-627: The figures were made separately and then attached, while a few things were carved into them. They were smoothed out by a wooden paddle. Terraces were arranged to place them with a cylindrical base into the ground, where the earth would hold them in place. During the Kofun period, a highly aristocratic society with militaristic rulers developed. The cavalry wore iron armor, carried swords and other weapons, and used advanced military methods like those of northeast Asia. Many of them are represented in haniwa figurines for funerary purposes. The most important of

525-474: The population of Shibayama peaked around the 1950 and has declined by roughly one-third in the decades since. Shibayama Town was established on July 1, 1955 by the merger of the villages of Chiyoda and Nikawa. Shibayama has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 12 members. Shibayama, together with neighboring Sanmu and the other municipalities of Sanmu District collectively contributes two members to

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550-452: The practice of ceremonial burial mounds declined in the mid-6th century CE, haniwa became rarer in the Kinai region; however, haniwa were made in abundance in the Kantō region . It is not uncommon for some haniwa to be painted with red dye or other colors. Besides the cylindrical haniwa (enkei-haniwa), another common type was the house-shaped haniwa (keisho-haniwa). Other things that fell into

575-462: The title Shibayama . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shibayama&oldid=875652649 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Shibayama, Chiba Shibayama

600-406: The tombs of leaders. The early sculptures exceeded 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. They consisted of a cylindrical portion, which represented the torso, and a skirt-shaped portion at the base, which represented the legs. Many times a special insignia or pattern would be displayed on the torso. Sometimes an obi would be placed around the torso. These sculptures are thought to have been used as part of

625-447: The town government. The town does not have a high school. Haniwa , terracotta funerary objects of the Kofun period (250 – 538 AD) are designated a cultural symbol for Shibayama. The main north-south road in Shibayama, Prefectural Route 62, is designated "Haniwa Avenue" in the town, and is lined with large-scale reproductions of haniwa statues. The Haniwa come from the many burial mounds located in Shibayama, primarily from

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