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59-671: Operated by the Bureau of Indian Education / Bureau of Indian Affairs and the United States Department of the Interior , the school serves grades 9 through 12. The school mascot is the Brave and the school colors are purple and yellow. There are seven dormitory facilities on the SIHS grounds. The male facilities are Wigwam, Ramona, and Kiva. Female facilities are Wauneka, Dawaki, and Winona. The last dorm

118-458: A 46,545-square-foot (4,324.2 m ) school facility for 186 students and a 10,072-square-foot (935.7 m ) dormitory for 33 students. The scheduled groundbreaking was February 11, 2013. The previous buildings scheduled for demolition had a total of 78,626 square feet (7,304.6 m ) of space. The school provides transportation for students between Baby Rocks and Mexican Water , and asks families living outside of that area and/or distant from

177-667: A Department of Interior report blamed all levels of leadership for substandard test scores. In 2001 the Government Accountability Office (GAO) wrote "The academic achievement of many BIA students as measured by their performance on standardized tests and other measures is far below the performance of students in public schools. BIA students also score considerably below national averages on college admissions tests." Bill Clinton , George W. Bush , and Barack Obama made attempts to improve BIE schools. In 2015 Maggie Severns of Politico wrote that BIE students "have some of

236-535: A floor reserved for mechanical equipment, and fireproofing . Ickes had air conditioning installed in his office in the Old Interior Building and insisted that central air condition be included throughout the new building so that all employees could enjoy it, the first such system in a large government building. Melding aspects of practicality and aesthetics, the Main Interior Building became "one of

295-582: A more concerted program of assimilation of Native American children. These were established at both the elementary and high school levels. As Indian reservations cannot levy taxes, local school taxes cannot be used to fund Native American schools. Alden Woods of the Arizona Republic described the BIE as having the characteristics of both a state education agency and a school district, with its supervision and funding of tribally controlled/grant schools making it

354-725: A multipurpose room, and housing for employees. The capacity, after the additions, would be over 1,000. In 1991 the Teec Nos Pos school facility lacked fire alarms and other fire protection systems. Main Interior Building The Main Interior Building , officially known as the Stewart Lee Udall Department of the Interior Building , located in Washington, D.C. , is the headquarters of

413-715: A new building specifically for the Department. In 1934 Ickes - who as Administrator of Public Works led the Public Works Administration in addition to his position of Secretary - allotted $ 12.74 million, with the approval of the President, for a new Interior building. Three sites were considered for the Interior Building: One on the National Mall facing Constitution Avenue between 12th and 14th Streets NW,

472-587: A new headquarters were undertaken by Roosevelt's Secretary of the Interior , Harold L. Ickes . Sworn in on March 4, 1933, immediately after the Roosevelt administration took office, Ickes received permission from President Roosevelt to take over the soon-to-be finished Interstate Commerce Building in the Federal Triangle area, but this plan was difficult because it required an act of Congress . As an alternative, Roosevelt recommended that funds be appropriated for

531-472: A part of the New Deal project. In 2014 about 30 students boarded but most did not. Only one dormitory was open, as another was deemed unsafe. In 2013 5% of the students were classified as having mathematics skills on par with their grade levels even though the school had already shifted most of its instruction to mathematics and reading at the expense of science and social studies. In 2015 Politico stated that

590-542: A position that Robert LaFlore, the principal, called "not quite normal". Some of the teachers left to work at the Kayenta Unified School District . The school is a K-8 school in Red Valley, Arizona . In addition to Red Valley, it has students from Cove , Mitten Rock , and Oak Springs . It was created in or after 1932, with the building completed in 1935. Circa 1950 it gained boarding facilities and

649-717: Is a division of the U.S. Department of the Interior under the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs. It is responsible for the line direction and management of all BIE education functions, including the formation of policies and procedures, the supervision of all program activities, and the approval of the expenditure of funds appropriated for BIE education functions. The BIE school system has 184 elementary and secondary schools and dormitories located on 63 reservations in 23 states, including seven off-reservation boarding schools , and 122 schools directly controlled by tribes and tribal school boards under contracts or grants with

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708-528: Is a transition dorm, Hogan. In addition to the seven dorms, there is also a set of 13 honor apartments named Sunset. Only four dorms are available for students to live in including Wigwam, Ramona, Wauneka and Winona. According to the Sherman Indian Museum, SIHS was founded by the United States government in order to assimilate Native Americans into the mainstream society. SIHS was originally known as

767-579: Is an elementary school in Cove, Arizona . In addition to Cove, the school has students from Mitten Rock , Oak Springs , and Red Valley . The school is in proximity to multiple uranium mines. The current building opened in 1959. In 2022 the school had 50 students. Crystal Boarding School is a K-6 boarding school in Crystal, New Mexico . It opened in 1935 as part of an effort to replace off-reservation Indian boarding schools with on-reservation boarding schools, as

826-500: Is in the Main Interior Building in Washington, DC . The federal government funds schools for Native Americans under the treaties it established for reservations and trust lands. In the early years, the government authorized religious missions to establish schools and churches on reservations. At the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries, Congress authorized the government to establish numerous Indian boarding schools for

885-842: The Secretary of the Interior and major bureaus with their employees. It includes the Interior Museum and Interior Library. From 1852 to 1917, the Interior Department was headquartered in the Patent Office building, which today houses the National Portrait Gallery and the Smithsonian American Art Museum of the Smithsonian Institution . From 1917 until the completion of the Main Interior Building,

944-464: The United States Department of the Interior . Located in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood, it is bounded by 19th Street NW on the west, 18th Street NW on the east, E Street NW on the north, C Street NW on the south, and Virginia Avenue on the southwest. Although the building takes up the entire block, the address is "1849 C Street, NW" to commemorate the founding of the Department of Interior in 1849. To

1003-404: The 1970s, and new structures were built in their place. The California Native Tribes were required to pay for the demolition and for the new buildings. During the 2008–09 school year, SIHS administration removed more than 30 staff from their facility, upsetting the students. The students protested, to no effect. Officials stated that there were not enough Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) funds to pay

1062-722: The 1970s, school boards have been elected on reservations to oversee BIE schools, as in the Southwest United States . In 2015 the BIE spent about $ 15,000 per student in the schools it operated, 56% above the per-student average cost for a public school student in the United States. The BIE schools were ranked as among the most costly to operate in the United States. The predecessor agency OEIP had say only in operations related to instruction, while other BIA agencies had controlled other aspects, such as hiring and other employee issues, and construction and renovation of schools, and related infrastructure such as roads. Severns wrote that

1121-644: The BIE does not have a consistent testing system for all schools, nor does it provide the public academic outcomes information that traditional public schools are required to publish under state laws. BIE network schools are often located in rural, isolated areas where alternative options for schooling are not feasible. As of 2020 there were 180 schools in the BIE network. In 1987 the BIA supported 58 tribal schools and directly operated 17 boarding schools, 17 day schools, and 14 dormitories housing students enrolled in public schools operated by local school districts. In 2003,

1180-410: The BIE had 4,500 employees. In November 2015 the BIE had 140 empty teaching slots. The agency had difficulty with teacher retention, especially as many schools are located in isolated areas. BIA/BIE schools have been criticized for decades for poor academic performance, and for the failure to establish metrics that allow performance to be measured. In 1969 the graduation rate was about 59%. Circa 1970

1239-570: The BIE is "an overlooked and often criticized agency". Circa 1990 the Hopi tribe began the process of taking BIA schools in their territory into tribal control. They managed this under authorization provided by legislation in 1975, which allowed tribes to contract with the BIA/BIE to manage and operate their own schools. Prior to August 29, 2006, it was known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Office of Indian Education Programs (OIEP). The headquarters

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1298-461: The BIE. The bureau also funds 66 residential programs for students at 52 boarding schools and at 14 dormitories housing those attending nearby tribal or public schools. It is one of two U.S. federal government school systems, along with the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA). In the area of post-secondary education, the BIE provides support to 24 tribal colleges and universities across

1357-817: The Conference Hall (Auditorium), the Activity Space (Gymnasium), the Cafeteria with courtyard, the Employees Lounge (South Penthouse, now offices) with soda fountain , the Interior Museum , the Art Gallery (currently used for offices), the Indian Arts and Crafts Shop, the Broadcasting Studio (North Penthouse), and the parking garage. Systems for maintainable, efficiency, and fire protection were also included in

1416-475: The Interior Department was housed in what is now the U.S. General Services Administration Building , between E and F Streets and 18th and 19th Streets NW. By the time President Franklin D. Roosevelt took office, the Department of the Interior had outgrown its headquarters, and satellite offices in 15 additional rented offices in Washington left employees scattered across the city and overcrowded. Plans for

1475-585: The Interior for eight years (1961–1969). Stewart Udall died in March, 2010 at the age of 90. Ickes wanted to promote Native American art , as the Bureau of Indian Affairs was included in the cabinet department. The building was designed to include a shop in which arts and crafts by living Native American artists would be sold. Today, the Indigenous Peoples Craft Shop on the first floor continues to include work by Native American artists. Three murals in

1534-586: The Nation's vast resources" and the "cornerstone of a conservation policy that will guarantee the richness of their heritage", while Ickes saw it as a "symbol of a new day." In 2010, the United States Congress passed legislation designating the Main Interior Building in Washington as the "Stewart Lee Udall Department of the Interior Building.", in honor of his contributions. The bill was signed into law on 8 June 2010. Stewart Lee Udall served as Secretary of

1593-504: The Native American students in the United States. Members of some tribes have moved to cities, and many states have increased coverage of reservation and tribal lands through their public school districts. As of 2020 about 90% of Native American students attended public schools operated by local school districts, rather than federally funded or operated schools. As of 2021 the BIE schools are located in many isolated areas with some of

1652-684: The Perris Indian School, which was established in 1892 under the direction of Mr. M. S. Savage. This was the first off-reservation boarding school in California. The enrollment then consisted of Southern California Indian children from the Tule River Agency to San Diego County . Students ranged in age from 5 years old to early 20s. The main subjects taught were agriculture and domestic science. The 80-acre (320,000 m) site in Perris, California ,

1711-480: The U.S. serving over 25,000 students. It directly operates two institutions of higher learning: Haskell Indian Nations University (HINU) in Lawrence , Kansas , and Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI) near Albuquerque , New Mexico . Additionally, the BIE operates higher education scholarship programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives . Alden Woods of The Arizona Republic wrote in 2020 that

1770-408: The content of the message in the mural. He saw each work of art as a medium to expound upon the administration's philosophy of conservation or to portray one of the programs of the Interior Department. He inspected murals painted in the building daily (some were painted in studios and brought to the buildings for installation). No mural was complete until Ickes approved it. In Ickes' official portrait,

1829-519: The current site of the National Museum of American History ; another on a cluster of small lots on the east, west, and north sides of the old Interior Building; and a third just south of the old Interior building and Rawlins Park in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood. On March 21, 1934, the third proposed site was selected. The plot including the area between 18th and 19th Streets and C and E Streets NW and

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1888-407: The design. These included a central vacuum system , a floor between the fifth and sixth floors for mechanical equipment (including plumbing , electrical panels , telephone equipment, and air conditioning) and fire and security systems ( automatic sprinklers in the parking garage and storage areas, a fire detection system on the mechanical floor , and 11 stairways for rapid evacuation). Despite

1947-408: The double city-block building as "monumental...Its colossal pilasters and pillars emphasize monumental scale rather than relate the size of the building to the individual. It was meant to emphasize a new "heroic age of government," and "every aspect of the building tells this story." At the dedication ceremony held on April 16, 1936, President Roosevelt referred to the building as "symbolical of

2006-754: The east is DAR Constitution Hall , the headquarters of the Daughters of the American Revolution , as well as the World Resources Institute and the American Red Cross National Headquarters . To the west is the Office of Personnel Management headquarters. To the north is Rawlins Park, which includes at its eastern end a statue of Major General John A. Rawlins , and Triangle Park is to the south. The building includes offices of

2065-508: The emphasis on functionalism of the building, art and architecture are also featured. Decorative detailing such as bronze grilles and hardware, the light fixtures , and plaster moldings , "reflecting the architect's and his client's concern for design materials and craftsmanship." Some architectural details feature Interior Department symbols, including a buffalo motif on doors . The building contains more Public Work Administration artwork than any other government building and includes

2124-583: The employees that had been let go. The Sherman Museum is currently the school's only original architecture; it was once the school's administration building. The building has been designated a National Historic Landmark and Riverside Landmark number 16. In 1995 Huell Howser Productions, in association with KCET /Los Angeles, featured Sherman Indian High School in California's Gold . Because of Bureau of Indian Affairs policies, students did not return home for several years. Those who died were often buried in

2183-435: The evening before the pow-wow. Eight Mile School District (Trenton, ND) was BIE/OIE-funded from 1987 to 2008 See also Template:Department of Defense Education Activity (U.S. military school system) Bureau of Indian Education The Bureau of Indian Education ( BIE ), headquartered in the Main Interior Building in Washington, D.C. , and formerly known as the Office of Indian Education Programs ( OIEP ),

2242-399: The former and its direct operation of BIE schools making it the latter. By the beginning of the 21st century, education expenses of the BIE represented 35% of the BIA budget. But studies since the 1969 Kennedy Report have shown that the schools have been underfunded. Despite the education responsibility, much of the BIA staff are specialists in land management rather than education. Since

2301-511: The graduation rate was 53%. In the 2017-2018 school year, the graduation rate was 64%, but in 2018-2019 the graduation rate had declined to 59%. In 2015 the average United States graduation rate was 81%. The graduation rate for Native American and Alaska Native students enrolled at school district-operated public schools was 67%. From circa 2017 to 2020, the BIE did not follow the terms of the Every Student Succeeds Act . As of 2020

2360-481: The highway to have their children stay at the dormitory. Kayenta Community School is a K-8 school . The facility, also known as Kayenta Boarding School, is a boarding school serving both day and dormitory students. It opened in 1935 as the Kayenta Indian School. In 1985 the school had 520 students and 19 employees. The school at the time had 11 staff positions in which the school could not hire anyone,

2419-476: The isolated village of Supai, Arizona , which has Havasupai Elementary School as its elementary school. Supai does not have a high school. Every year, in mid-April, Sherman hosts a one-day pow-wow . The event officially ends Sherman's parent-teacher conference week. SIHS holds an annual Talent Show on the Thursday of that week. The Miss Sherman Pageant also occurs during this week annually, traditionally on Friday,

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2478-477: The lowest incomes in the United States. Maggie Severns of Politico wrote in 2015 that "Students often come from difficult backgrounds". In 1978, 47,000 Native American K-12 students (17% of the total number of Native American K-12 students in the United States) attended schools directly operated by the BIA, and 2,500 (1%) attended tribal schools and/or other schools that contracted with the BIA. Circa 2015

2537-475: The lowest test scores and graduation rates in the country". In the 2018-2019 school year, the percentage of BIE students passing their schools' standardized examinations was about 10% for mathematics and 15% for the English language. In 2011 BIE students scored better on examinations than students at Detroit Public Schools , but every other large urban school district outperformed students of BIE schools. In 2015

2596-463: The most functional and innovative government office structures in Washington" in the 1930s. Ickes reported in a Cabinet meeting that the Interior Building cost 10 to 15 percent less to operate than the buildings in the Federal Triangle even with air conditioning, and cost less per square foot. Ickes also ensured that group assembly space and employee amenities were added to the building, including

2655-428: The new Interior Building. He designed most of it himself, and financed it through PWA." Ickes did not design the building, but many of its features were a result of his influence in the planning, design, and construction stages. The building design was directed as utility and economy. Significant aspects include wide central corridors, open courtyards , movable steel office partitions, acoustically treated ceilings ,

2714-591: The overall dropout rate of BIA schools was 100% higher than the U.S. dropout average. Citing this statistic, that year President of the United States Richard Nixon criticized BIA schools. The 1969 report by the Select Subcommittee of the U.S. Senate in 1969 (known as the Kennedy Report, as it was headed by Robert F. Kennedy prior to his assassination) also criticized BIA schools. In 1988

2773-520: The plans for the Main Interior Building are shown lying on the table in front of him. Construction of Main Interior began in April 1935 and was completed in December 1936. The building was the first New Deal building in the capital- authorized, designed, and built by the Roosevelt administration. It was notable for the speed of the project, with construction completed in 18 months. The Interior Museum described

2832-422: The remaining students were transferred to Riverside. It was named after Congressman James S. Sherman , who helped establish funding for the school in 1900. The Mission Revival Style architecture was considered a novelty when the school was built, and the city promoted the school as one of the landmarks to visit by tourists. To meet earthquake standards, most of the original school buildings were demolished during

2891-413: The school cemetery. May 3 marks an old tradition amongst the local tribes where many local reservations decorate their cemeteries with flowers and replace old crosses. Sherman Indian High School designates this as Indian Flower Day. As of 2023 students living on Indian reservations make up about 68% of the student body. As of 1988, Sherman Indian high school was the most common boarding school chosen by

2950-559: The school provides room and board to children with no other reliable source of food and lodging. On March 16, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona , the State of Arizona closed district-operated public schools. BIE schools were not required to close at that time, though several did. After employees met that day, COVID spread through the school's community. Once COVID infections were diagnosed,

3009-497: The school temporarily closed. It holds an equine (horse) festival every year. It is a K-8 school in Teec Nos Pos. It has a dormitory facility. It opened in 1933 as the Teec Nos Pos Boarding School. A building for the Teec Nos Pos Boarding School was dedicated in 1962. In 1962 the school had 353 students. In 1963 there were plans to build 17 additional classrooms as well as a cafeteria, two dormitories, and

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3068-506: The school's campus was in a poor condition. It had no school counselor. Dennehotso Boarding School in Dennehotso, Arizona serves grades K–8. It opened as a one room school in 1935. Circa 1947 the school was expanded. In 1951, the school had five teachers. Eddie Thompson served as principal until 1973. Kenneth L. Owens, who previously taught at Dennehotso Boarding, became principal in 1974. The two current buildings are OFMC projects:

3127-506: The state with the largest amount of BIA-OIEP network schools was Arizona, and the state with the next highest amount was New Mexico. As of 2020 the BIE operates about 33% of the schools in its system. A listing of schools directly operated by the Bureau of Indian Education: It is a K-8 school in Cottonwood , Apache County, Arizona , with a Chinle address. It was dedicated in 1968. It

3186-566: The various sources of authority made school accountability difficult. A 2015 editorial of the Minneapolis Star-Tribune noted that schools in the BIE network were underfunded while schools in the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA), the federal military dependent school network, were well funded. As of 2020 the BIE-funded/grant/direct schools in total had 46,000 students, meaning they educated about 8% of

3245-492: The work of the second-highest number of PWA artists, more than any except the Franklin Street Post Office Station in Washington. As in other aspects of the building design, Ickes was involved in every step of the artwork: The Secretary reviewed preliminary sketches and often provided valuable critiques. He inspected all full-size mural cartoons taped on walls and frequently requested changes, especially

3304-443: Was at the corner of today's Perris Boulevard and Morgan Street. Due to an inadequate water supply to conduct the primary subjects at the school, a better location was sought. By 1901 a site in the city of Riverside was selected, at the corner of Magnolia Avenue and Jackson Street. On July 19, 1901, the cornerstone was laid for the new school building of Sherman Institute. Perris Indian School remained in operation until December 1904 when

3363-471: Was known as Red Rock Boarding School, but it later reverted into being a day school. In 1974 its enrollment was 83. At the time it was the only BIA school in which all of its employees were Navajo people. In that year the school was hiring ethnic Navajo, bilingual in English and Navajo, who were finishing their university educations. Additionally, by that year it had a forked stick hogan in which it held some classes taught by Navajo senior citizens. The hogan

3422-519: Was one of the few double-block sites in the city where an intervening street (D Street) could be eliminated for development. Waddy Butler Wood was selected as the architect to design the new Interior Building. Secretary Ickes was deeply involved in the design of the new building, and the January 9, 1937 edition of the Washington Daily News stated that "Secretary Ickes has a paternal concern for

3481-459: Was the impetus of Navajo senior citizens who paid the money to have it built and who built it. In 2022 the school had 114 students. It is a K-8 boarding school in Kykotsmovi, Arizona . In 2020 its enrollment was over 100. Alden Woods of The Arizona Republic stated "One former student described it as a refuge from a rural community struggling through generations of trauma", stating that

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