36-480: Sheriff Hutton Castle is a ruined quadrangular castle in the village of Sheriff Hutton , North Yorkshire, England. The site of the castle is 10 miles (16 km) north of York , and 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Easingwold . The original motte and bailey castle, the remains of which can be seen to the south of the churchyard, was built here in the Forest of Galtres by Bertram de Bulmer, Sheriff of York during
72-482: A Scots assault at Norham Castle, a stronghold of the Bishopric of Durham . For his service, Cholmeley was knighted in the field at Ayton by Lord Surrey as representative of the king. In the same year, he was appointed Lieutenant of Berwick upon Tweed and Governor of Kingston upon Hull . In 1499, Cholmeley and his younger brother Roger were appointed Constables of Pickering Castle , North Yorkshire and Stewards of
108-547: A farmyard. However, the castle and the adjacent park were leased in the 18th/19th centuries by George Lowther Thompson . It was designated a scheduled ancient monument in the 1950s. The castle is now privately owned, being in the possession of the Howarth family since the 1940s, it was sold in 2019 to another private owner. Both castle sites lie on the south side of the village, being some 10 miles (16 km) north of York, and 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Easingwold. The castle
144-518: A free grammar school, Highgate School , at London. Cholmeley's brother, Roger, had a son whom he named Richard, whose descendants are the Cholmeleys of Roxby, Bramston and Whitby . This is the line of the current 7th Baronet , Sir Frederick Sebastian Cholmeley of Easton Hall, Grantham , Lincolnshire . Cholmeley's cousin, Richard Cholmondeley of Cholmondeley, Cheshire , was married to Elizabeth Brereton of Malpas , whose brother, William Brereton ,
180-816: A full-scale investigation. Cholmeley became very wealthy by inheritance and shrewd property investments. At the time of his death, he held extensive estates in Northumberland , Cumberland , Yorkshire , Cambridgeshire , Essex , Middlesex , Kent and Calais, along with several properties in London. By his will dated 26 December 1521, he left the bulk of his estate to his widow Elizabeth ( nee Pennington), with bequests to his only issue, his illegitimate son, named Roger . Cholmeley willed specific items of value to his younger brother, also named Roger. Cholmeley's widow, Elizabeth, later married her third husband, Sir William Gascoigne of Cardington, Bedfordshire (her first husband
216-614: A sophisticated and complex approach to the planning of internal social spaces. There are many quadrangular castles around the UK, for example: Bodiam Castle in East Sussex, and Bolton Castle . The 27 quadrangular castles identified by John Rickard as being built in England consist roughly 10% of the castles built in the country between 1272 and 1422. No castles of this design were built in Wales. One of
252-459: A year because Queen Mary I would not reappoint him. Also in 1552, he was imprisoned for six weeks in the Tower of London and fined for signing Lady Jane Grey 's instrument of succession as Queen. He returned to work as a barrister and was a member of parliament for Middlesex in the early 1550s. Roger died in 1565, survived by two daughters. He is possibly best remembered for his endowment to found
288-488: Is a type of castle characterised by ranges of buildings which are integral with the curtain walls , enclosing a central ward or quadrangle , and typically with angle towers . There is no keep and frequently no distinct gatehouse . The quadrangular form predominantly dates from the mid to late fourteenth century and signals the transition from defensively to domestically oriented great houses. The four walls are also known as ranges. Quadrangular castles typically display
324-501: Is fictionalized as a character in Gilbert and Sullivan 's darkly comic opera , The Yeomen of the Guard . Cholmeley's name has frequently been misspelled "Cholmondeley" because of its misspelling in the plaque on his tomb, which led to the misspelling of the character's name in the opera; other branches of Cholmeley's family use the longer spelling. Knighted in 1497 for valour in battle against
360-413: Is quadrangular in form, with four rectangular corner towers connected by ranges of buildings, enclosing an inner courtyard. The northern and western sides are straight, whereas those on the south and east contain obtuse , outward pointing angles at their centres. The entrance lies in the east wall, protected by a gatehouse . The fabric of the castle was largely rubble mudstone, dressed with sandstone, which
396-624: The Battle of Barnet , his lands were given to Richard, Duke of Gloucester , brother of Edward IV by right of his wife, Anne Neville . Richard often stayed at the castle during his tenure as Lord of the North . Its proximity to York made it convenient to Richard. By the middle of October 1480, Richard was at Sheriff Hutton where he received news from the Earl of Northumberland that the Scots might attempt retaliation for
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#1733092610633432-582: The Battle of Flodden , the English, including a Cheshire levy under Cholmeley's command, successfully repelled the Scots. He had brought with him the Citizen Yeomenry of Hull. With English victory, Lord Surrey was restored as Duke of Norfolk . In October 1513, Cholmeley was appointed Lieutenant of the Tower of London and Supervisor General of Richmond Castle and eleven other Yorkshire castles and manors. There
468-564: The Council of the North , with its chief headquarters at Sheriff Hutton and Sandal Castle . The Council lasted for a century and a half. In 1485, the pretender to the throne, Lambert Simnel , was transferred from the castle to the Tower of London by Henry Tudor . In 1485, while awaiting the invasion of Henry VII at Nottingham, Richard sent his niece, Elizabeth of York , her sisters, and the Earls of Warwick, Lincoln, Lord Morley and John of Gloucester, to
504-565: The Barony of Malpas (for which Malpas is named), including Cholmondeley, Cheshire, previously held by Robert Fitzhugh. Over the centuries, the family name was spelled in many variants as middle-English developed away from French influences. Different branches of the family spell the name differently, and Cholmeley's most famous cousins, of Cholmondeley, Cheshire, spell the name "Cholmondeley". In Victorian times, Sir Richard's tomb in St. Peter ad Vincula
540-477: The English army in France, maintenance of the Tower, and custody of the prisoners at the Tower, including escorting prisoners of note to trial at Westminster Hall which, at that time, housed the courts of law. Cholmeley's maintenance works included the complete rebuilding of the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula , the parish church of the Tower of London, which had been largely destroyed by fire in 1512. The construction
576-727: The Honour and Foresters of the Royal Forest. While Roger settled in the constable's lodgings at the castle, Sir Richard purchased a small estate and house at nearby Thornton on the Hill (now part of Thornton-le-Dale ). In 1506, Cholmeley was appointed Collector of the Great Custom in the Port of London . In 1513, the Scots invaded England to meet their treaty obligations to France under the Auld Alliance . At
612-582: The President of the council would use the castle as a residence, and he described it as an 'olde Castell aamoste ruinated.' In 1618 it was again described as ruinous. The castle was acquired by the Ingram family in 1622, and stone from the site was used for various buildings in Sheriff Hutton village. The castle remained in the Ingram family until the early twentieth century, by which time the ruins were being used as
648-474: The Scots, Cholmeley continued to serve as a soldier until 1513, becoming entrusted with many positions of responsibility for security of castles and fortifications in England. He was successful as a farmer and a shrewd investor in land, much increasing his family wealth. As Lieutenant of the Tower of London, he drew criticism for his reaction to the Evil May Day riots of 1517, when he ordered the firing of some of
684-629: The Tower are buried. The alabaster effigies lie fenced in ironwork under the central arcade. However, Cholmeley is not buried in this tomb. In his will, he requests that he be buried "within the Chapel of our blessed Lady of Barking beside the Tower of London" (now called "All Hallows, Barking") and that if the Masters and Wardens would not agree, then "my body be buried in the Church of the Crutched Friars beside
720-531: The Tower of London" (now called "St. Olaf's"). All Hallows was almost totally destroyed during the blitz of London during World War II , and so it is not known whether he was buried there or at St. Olaf's. There is some evidence that he may have been buried in one of the tombs of the Cholmondeley, Cheshire branch of his family. Cholmeley's family can be traced back to the 12th century Robert de Chelmundelegh, second son of William le Belward, who inherited parts of
756-456: The Tower's artillery at the city to suppress rioting. He was also responsible for the rebuilding of the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula at the Tower. His illegitimate son, Roger Cholmeley , became Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench . Cholmeley (pronounced "Chumley") was born at Chorley, a small settlement approximately six miles south west of Nantwich , Cheshire near Cholmondeley ,
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#1733092610633792-437: The castle. After Richard's death at the Battle of Bosworth , the castle became the property of Henry VII. John Skelton visited the castle in 1495 and wrote a poem "The Garlande of Laurell" about lady Elizabeth Tilney (countess of Surrey, 1st wife of Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, later 2nd Duke of Norfolk). The Howards lived in the castle, although it still belonged to the crown, because Thomas Howard, later 2nd Duke of Norfolk
828-482: The crown.) A survey of this date describes the castle as being in need of repair. In 1536 Sir Henry sold the castle to the Howard family. In 1537 Thomas Howard , the second Duke of Norfolk made repairs to the castle but, following the council's relocation to York in the mid-sixteenth century, the castle went into decline. A further campaign of repairs was undertaken by Henry, Earl of Huntingdon in 1572. The Earl hoped
864-452: The earliest quadrangular castles in Germany is Neuleiningen , of which substantial ruins remain. Richard Cholmondeley Sir Richard Cholmondeley (or Cholmeley ) (c. 1460–1521) was an English farmer and soldier, who served as Lieutenant of the Tower of London from 1513 to 1520 during the reign of Henry VIII . He is remembered because of his tomb at the Tower of London and because he
900-449: The eldest son of Joan Eyton and John Cholmeley, wealthy sheep farmers and land owners. See the heading "Tomb and Family Name", below, regarding the family name. While Richard was very young, his family moved to East Yorkshire , where his maternal grandfather held extensive estates. Cholmeley was appointed Bailiff of York in 1492 and High Sheriff of Northumberland in 1495. In 1497, he served under Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey to repel
936-565: The first Earl of Westmorland . Upon Ralph's death in 1425, the Neville estates were partitioned. Ralph's grandson, Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland , retained the title and the Durham estates and his younger brother, Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury , retained the Yorkshire estates, including Sheriff Hutton. Upon the death of Salisbury's son, Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick , in 1471 at
972-569: The ire of the city elders. In 1520, he resigned his post at the Tower due to ill health. He died in March 1521 (1522 by the modern calendar system) in St Katharine's by the Tower . Cholmeley is the only historical character to appear in a Gilbert and Sullivan opera, The Yeomen of the Guard . In the story of that opera, while serving as Lieutenant of the Tower, Cholmeley finds that a prominent prisoner, scheduled to be executed, has escaped. He launches
1008-450: The raiding party that Richard had led across the borders. Northumberland wrote to the magistrates of York ordering them to prepare an armed force. The men of York sent an alderman to Richard at Sheriff Hutton seeking his advice. In 1484, Richard established a royal household for the young Edward, Earl of Warwick , son of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence , and John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln . In July 1484, Richard established
1044-696: The reign of King Stephen ( c. 1135 –1154). The stone castle was built at the western end of the village by John, Lord Neville in the late fourteenth century. In 1377, John Nevill obtained a charter for a market on Monday and an annual fair on the eve of the exaltation of the Holy Cross (14 September). A licence to crenellate was granted by Richard II in 1382, although it is unknown whether building work had commenced before this date. The building has been credited to John Llewyn, who also built nearby Bolton Castle in 1378, on stylistic and documentary grounds. The castle passed to John's son, Ralph Neville ,
1080-433: Was King's Lieutenant in the North from 1489 to 1499 and possibly constable of Sheriff Hutton Castle. In 1499/1500 Sir Thomas Darcy (in 1509 made 1st Baron Darcy) became the castle's constable and steward (replacing Surrey). In 1509 Sir Thomas Darcy was then replaced by Sir Richard Cholmondeley . (Another source claims in 1525 that the castle was where Henry VIII sent Henry Fitzroy to be raised, suggesting it still belonged to
1116-570: Was Sir Walter Strickland of Sizergh). She died in 1546. His illegitimate son, Roger Cholmeley , enrolled at Lincoln's Inn to study law in 1506, eventually becoming Recorder of the City of London (from 1535 to 1545), a member of parliament and Chief Baron of the Exchequer (from 1545). He was knighted in 1534. In May 1552, he was appointed as Chief Justice of the King's Bench . He was Lord Chief Justice for only
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1152-466: Was carried out in 1519–20. Cholmeley lost some favour with the City of London authorities because of his reaction to the Evil May Day riots of 1517. During the riots, he furiously ordered the firing of some of the Tower's artillery into the city during rioting by gangs of young Londoners, who attacked foreigners, especially the wealthy foreign merchants and bankers of Lombard Street, London and who took control of London for several days. This drew
1188-482: Was executed in 1536 on suspicion of being Anne Boleyn 's lover. That branch of the family's descendants, beginning with Sir Hugh Cholmondeley , included the Marquesses and Earls of Cholmondeley . In 1522, after the rebuilding of St. Peter ad Vincula, a tomb was built in the church covered by effigies of Cholmeley and his wife. The monument is one of the oldest in the chapel, where many famous people who were executed at
1224-514: Was no suitable house for Cholmeley and his family within the Tower precincts, and so he purchased a house in nearby Barking , where he lived while serving as Lieutenant of the Tower. The Lieutenant served under the Constable of the Tower , at the time Thomas Lovell . The duties of the Lieutenant included defence, organising the ordnance based in the Tower, helping to sending supplies and equipment to
1260-447: Was quarried at Terrington . Only sections of the towers stand to their original height, and the ranges of buildings and curtain walls between have now largely gone. A middle and outer ward originally existed, but these are now covered by the adjacent farm. The castle is a Grade II* listed building , and recognised as an internationally important structure. Quadrangular castle A quadrangular castle or courtyard castle
1296-419: Was relocated and had a new name panel fitted. The panel states that the Lieutenant of the Tower was named Richard "Cholmondeley". Thus, Gilbert and Sullivan called him "Sir Richard Cholmondeley". However, Sir Richard's father was John Cholmeley, his grandfather was William Cholmeley, and his brother was Roger Cholmeley. His will is signed Richard Cholmeley, and his illegitimate son was Sir Roger Cholmeley . After
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