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44-544: The hotel was built by MIDROC Ethiopia , and designed by architect Kosek Ivo. Sheik Mohammed Hussein Al Amoudi , built the hotel as a way of creating jobs and promoting the country's image- saying that he is "investing in Ethiopia by following my heart, not my head". The hotel cost over $ 200 million to build, and over 500 families had to be relocated for its construction. It opened on 28 February 1998, and has been considered one of

88-439: A high standard. In areas with high quality water sources which flow by gravity to the point of consumption, costs will be much lower. Much of the energy requirements are in pumping. Processes that avoid the need for pumping tend to have overall low energy demands. Those water treatment technologies that have very low energy requirements including trickling filters , slow sand filters , gravity aqueducts . A 2021 study found that

132-606: A number of celebrities, including the aforementioned performers; indeed, most, if not all, choose to stay in the Sheraton when in Ethiopia, according to The Independent . Among the many guests include Tony Blair , Rita Marley , Princess Anne , Jimmy Carter , and Bill Clinton . Confusingly, the Sheraton Addis is not part of the Sheraton Hotels and Resorts hotel chain, but rather is a part of The Luxury Collection . Since it

176-633: A production capacity of nine million tons a year. MIDROC also built the Sheraton Addis hotel. Midroc Europe was a privately owned corporate group based in Sweden active in the properties , construction , industry and environmental technology sectors. In January 2022, the Midroc Group, which included Midroc Europe, became Granitor. In July 2024, MIDROC retain its name to Granitor in Sweden due to Wikström family’s increased holdings. Midroc Middle East

220-505: A soccer pitches, and a basketball court. This project is projected to cost $ 127 million. As of 2013, construction has begun on the health centre. The hotel has over 1,500 square meters of function space over 11 conference rooms, allowing for a capacity of 1,500 person at events. The hotel provides an array of dining options including Italian, French, Indian restaurants, as well as a poolside restaurant and all-day dining international restaurant with 5 bars and lounges. The hotel's health club,

264-509: A turnover of $ 25 billion. The group is active in various sectors, including industry, venture capital , oil and fuel production, energy and mining . MIDROC Ethiopia was established in 1994. In 2011 it made a profit of 1.3bn birr (US$ 70m). MIDROC has major gold mining interests in Ethiopia and it is reported that MIDROC Gold Mine (a subsidiary of MIDROC Ethiopia) has paid the Ethiopian Government 100.1 million birr in royalties,

308-450: A wide variety of contaminants. The adsorptive removal of color, aroma, taste, and other harmful organics and inorganics from drinking water and wastewater is one of their industrial applications. Both a high surface area and a large pore size can improve the efficiency of activated carbon. Activated carbon was utilized by a number of studies to remove heavy metals and other types of contaminants from wastewater. The cost of activated carbon

352-471: Is phase separation , such as sedimentation. Biological and chemical processes such as oxidation are another example. Polishing is also an example. The main by-product from wastewater treatment plants is a type of sludge that is usually treated in the same or another wastewater treatment plant. Biogas can be another by-product if the process uses anaerobic treatment. Treated wastewater can be reused as reclaimed water . The main purpose of wastewater treatment

396-487: Is a mass transfer process in which a substance is transported from the liquid phase to the surface of a solid/liquid (adsorbent) and becomes physically and chemically bonded (adsorbate). Adsorption can be classified into two forms based on the type of attraction between the adsorbate and the adsorbent: physical and chemical adsorption, commonly known as physisorption and chemisorptions. Activated carbons (ACs) or biological-activated carbon (BAC) are effective adsorbents for

440-430: Is a privately owned corporate group active in the engineering and construction and the industrial sectors. Water Treatment Plant Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking , industrial water supply, irrigation , river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to

484-453: Is a process which removes and eliminates contaminants from wastewater . It thus converts it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle . Once back in the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment. It is also possible to reuse it. This process is called water reclamation . The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant. There are several kinds of wastewater which are treated at

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528-717: Is an Ethiopian mining and oil company owned by Ethiopian-born Saudi billionaire Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Al Amoudi . It has operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Through its Corral Petroleum Holdings AB, MIDROC has become a major independent oil company . The company has perpetrated extreme human rights violations at Lega Dembi gold mine in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia by improper disposal of hazardous waste including mercury, arsenic, and cyanide. Midroc has operations across three continents, over 70,000 employees and

572-431: Is dumped into rivers or other water resources. The wastewater may have a high proportion of organic and inorganic contaminants at the initial discharge. Industries generate wastewater as a result of fabrication processes, processes dealing with paper and pulp , textiles , chemicals , and from various streams such as cooling towers , boilers , and production lines. Treatment for drinking water production involves

616-551: Is essential, and commonly involves the use of reactive chemical agents such as suspended solids , to remove bacteria , algae , viruses , fungi , and minerals including iron and manganese . Research including Professor Linda Lawton 's group at Robert Gordon University , Aberdeen is working to improve detection of cyanobacteria . These substances continue to cause great harm to several less developed countries who do not have access to effective water purification systems. Measures taken to ensure water quality not only relate to

660-447: Is for the treated wastewater to be able to be disposed or reused safely. However, before it is treated, the options for disposal or reuse must be considered so the correct treatment process is used on the wastewater. Water treatment is used to optimize most water-based industrial processes, such as heating, cooling, processing, cleaning, and rinsing so that operating costs and risks are reduced. Poor water treatment lets water interact with

704-708: Is rising due to a shortage of commercial activated carbon (AC). Because of its high surface area, porosity, and flexibility, activated carbon has a lot of potential in wastewater treatment. This is the method by which dissolved and suspended organic chemical components are eliminated through biodegradation , in which an optimal amount of microorganism is given to re-enact the same natural self-purification process. Through two distinct biological process , such as biological oxidation and biosynthesis , microorganisms can degrade organic materials in wastewater. Microorganisms involved in wastewater treatment produce end products such as minerals , carbon dioxide , and ammonia during

748-543: Is the only hotel in Ethiopia to have a water treatment plant using an ultra-violet water sterilization system, which ensures sterilization and bacteria free purification of water. It has a number of generators, meaning that the hotel is never affected by the power cuts and load shedding that plague Addis Ababa. 9°01′13″N 38°45′36″E  /  9.02027°N 38.76002°E  / 9.02027; 38.76002 MIDROC#MIDROC Ethiopia Mohammed International Development Research and Organization Companies (MIDROC)

792-1072: The European Drinking Water Directive and in the United States the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establishes standards as required by the Safe Drinking Water Act . For countries without a legislative or administrative framework for such standards, the World Health Organization publishes guidelines on the standards that should be achieved. China adopted its own drinking water standard GB3838-2002 (Type II) enacted by Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2002. Where drinking water quality standards do exist, most are expressed as guidelines or targets rather than requirements, and very few water standards have any legal basis or, are subject to enforcement. Two exceptions are

836-443: The common-ion effect is often used to help reduce water hardness. Flotation uses bubble attachment to separate solids or dispersed liquids from a liquid phase. Membrane filtration can remove suspended solids and organic components, and inorganic pollutants such heavy metals. For heavy metal removal, several forms of membrane filtration , such as ultrafiltration , nanofiltration , and reverse osmosis , can be used depending on

880-456: The Aqva Club, includes outdoor swimming pools, sauna, massage and Jacuzzi. A special feature of the pool is its underwater music. Within the Aqva Club is also found the special Simba Club, the children's playground. However, the health club has been criticised in many reviews as having minimal facilities, leading to expansion plans. The hotel has a nightclub, called The Gaslight. The Sheraton Addis

924-594: The European Drinking Water Directive and the Safe Drinking Water Act in the United States, which require legal compliance with specific standards. Appropriate technology options in water treatment include both community-scale and household-scale point-of-use (POU) or self-supply designs. Such designs may employ solar water disinfection methods, using solar irradiation to inactivate harmful waterborne microorganisms directly, mainly by

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968-798: The UV-A component of the solar spectrum, or indirectly through the presence of an oxide photocatalyst , typically supported TiO 2 in its anatase or rutile phases. Despite progress in SODIS technology, military surplus water treatment units like the ERDLator are still frequently used in developing countries. Newer military style Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Units (ROWPU) are portable, self-contained water treatment plants are becoming more available for public use. For waterborne disease reduction to last, water treatment programs that research and development groups start in developing countries must be sustainable by

1012-553: The appropriate type of wastewater treatment plant. For domestic wastewater the treatment plant is called a Sewage Treatment . Municipal wastewater or sewage are other names for domestic wastewater . For industrial wastewater, treatment takes place in a separate Industrial wastewater treatment , or in a sewage treatment plant. In the latter case it usually follows pre-treatment. Further types of wastewater treatment plants include Agricultural wastewater treatment and leachate treatment plants. One common process in wastewater treatment

1056-411: The biological oxidation process. The minerals (products) remained in the wastewater and were discharged with the effluent . Microorganisms use organic materials in wastewater to generate new microbial cells with dense biomass that is eliminated by sedimentation throughout the biosynthesis process. Many developed countries specify standards to be applied in their own country. In Europe, this includes

1100-439: The citizens of those countries. This can ensure the efficiency of such programs after the departure of the research team, as monitoring is difficult because of the remoteness of many locations. Energy Consumption: Water treatment plants can be significant consumers of energy. In California, more than 4% of the state's electricity consumption goes towards transporting moderate quality water over long distances, treating that water to

1144-849: The country's leading hotels. The hotel is located between two palaces, the National Palace (formerly the Jubilee Palace), which is the residence of the President of Ethiopia , and the Menelik Palace , residence of the Prime Minister of Ethiopia . The hotel has hosted countless high-profile events, including Pan-African and African Union summits, as well as New Year's Eve celebrations with special performances by world-renowned artists such as Beyonce , Ludacris , The Black Eyed Peas , Rihanna and Akon , among other guests. The hotel has been host to

1188-432: The country, taking home 5,337 Ethiopian Birr (US$ 283) on average per month, felt that the sharing of the service charges was not sufficient. The union argued that management should be excluded from the proceeds which would increase salaries by 52 birr. Sheik Hussein said that he felt "unappreciated and unrecognised" for his "generosity to employees of the hotel", and threatened to close the hotel for expansion work. The crisis

1232-473: The environment. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment is crucial to human health and allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use. Water contamination is primarily caused by the discharge of untreated wastewater from enterprises. The effluent from various enterprises, which contains varying levels of contaminants,

1276-404: The following processes (depending on the season and contaminants and chemicals present in the raw water) is used for municipal drinking water treatment worldwide. Different chemical procedures for the conversion into final products or the removal of pollutants are used for the safe disposal of contaminants. Physical techniques of water/waste water treatment rely on physical phenomena to complete

1320-513: The hotel's name would be changed to the Marriott Addis . However, this was later denied by hotel management. In February 2011, a labour dispute over compensation threatened to close the hotel. In late 2010, a union was formed at the hotel, and in December got involved in a dispute of the distribution of profits from service charges. The workers, who were already the most well-paid hotel employees in

1364-474: The largest contribution of any mining company. Midroc Gold is Ethiopia's sole gold exporter. Its Lega Dembi Mine has a yearly average production of around 4,500 kg of gold and silver. Between 1997 and 2009, MIDROC's expansion of the mine caused deforestation and displaced Indigenous Gujii people from their ancestral land, denying their right to free, prior and informed consent . Locals have reported that mine security shoots at people if they get near

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1408-610: The mine, and that employment opportunities have systematically excluded local people. Local people allege that Midroc dumped chemicals into rivers that residents used for drinking and for livestock, causing birth deformities and animal deaths. Protesters contend water and air pollution from the mine have caused respiratory illnesses, miscarriages, birth defects, and disabilities. Other reports include tumors, headaches, skin conditions, and vision problems. One healthcare provider reported that, "Mothers are having miscarriages every single day...I am not seeing this in other places, only around

1452-641: The mining site.” A field study in 2018-2019 found 19 children with "serious deformities and paralysis" in a survey of 36 households. Protests against the mine have been brutally repressed with mass arrests, killings, and disappearances. A 2016 report by Human Rights Watch found that, “Security forces committed numerous human rights violations in response to the protests, including arbitrary arrest and detention, killings and other uses of excessive force, torture and ill-treatment in detention, and enforced disappearances.” MIDROC owns 70% of National Oil Ethiopia , which competes with YBF, TAF and five other companies in

1496-490: The national petrol market and is establishing a major steel plant (Tossa) in Amhara . The latter is Ethiopia's first industrial steel production plant and is intended to meet a major increase in domestic demand, estimated to rise from 1.2m tonnes to 3.1m tonnes per annum between 2011 and 2014. In August 2008, MIDROC opened a small cement factory on the outskirts of the town, which produces 4,000 quintals of cement per day. Some of

1540-473: The output of this factory was used in the construction of the larger Derba Midroc Cement Factory, which is located 70 kilometers north of Addis Ababa and is the largest cement factory in Ethiopia. North Holdings Investment announced 17 October 2009 that it had completed a feasibility study for its own cement factory at Dejen, which would be built on 450 hectares of land. Construction of the factory will cost around US$ 1.6 billion, and once completed it would have

1584-402: The particle size that can be maintained. Aminophosphonates can be added for antiscalant properties to maintain filtration. Ion exchange is a reversible ion exchange process in which an insoluble substance ( resin ) takes ions from an electrolytic solution and releases additional ions of the same charge in a chemically comparable amount without changing the resin's structure. Adsorption

1628-527: The process. As of 2013, the land has been cleared but construction has not begun. An additional 5 hectares has been set aside for the construction of a new 9-story hotel wing of 25,000 m containing extended stay apartments. Also included are villas, bungalows, as well as a 31,400 m health centre, in response to guest complaints about the paucity of health facilities. The health center will contain Olympic and outdoor tennis courts, an olympic swimming pool, restaurants,

1672-600: The quality of water contacting the manufactured product (e.g., semiconductors) and/or can be part of the product (e.g., beverages, pharmaceuticals). In these instances, poor water treatment can cause defective products. For the elimination of hazardous chemicals from the water, many treatment procedures have been applied. The processes involved in removing the contaminants include physical processes such as settling and filtration , chemical processes such as disinfection and coagulation , and biological processes such as slow sand filtration . A combination selected from

1716-514: The removal of contaminants and/or inactivation of any potentially harmful microbes from raw water to produce water that is pure enough for human consumption without any short term or long term risk of any adverse health effect. In general terms, the greatest microbial risks are associated with ingestion of water that is contaminated with human or animal (including bird) faeces. Faeces can be a source of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths. The removal or destruction of microbial pathogens

1760-507: The removal process, rather than biological or chemical changes. Most common physical techniques are: Also referred to as "Conventional" Treatment Chemical precipitation is a common process used to reduce heavy metals concentrations in wastewater. The dissolved metal ions are transformed to an insoluble phase by a chemical interaction with a precipitant agent such as lime. In industrial applications stronger alkalis may be used to effect complete precipitation. In drinking water treatment,

1804-413: The surfaces of pipes and vessels which contain it. Steam boilers can scale up or corrode, and these deposits will mean more fuel is needed to heat the same amount of water. Cooling towers can also scale up and corrode, but left untreated, the warm, dirty water they can contain will encourage bacteria to grow, and Legionnaires' disease can be the fatal consequence. Water treatment is also used to improve

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1848-500: The treatment of the water, but to its conveyance and distribution after treatment. It is therefore common practice to keep residual disinfectants in the treated water to kill bacteriological contamination during distribution and to keep the pipes clean. Water supplied to domestic properties such as for tap water or other uses, may be further treated before use, often using an in-line treatment process. Such treatments can include water softening or ion exchange. Wastewater treatment

1892-551: Was built, the hotel has been part of The Luxury Collection . There are two other remaining hotels that are part of The Luxury Collection but that operate with the name Sheraton, but not technically part of Sheraton—the Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit ( Bangkok , Thailand ) and Sheraton Kuwait ( Kuwait City , Kuwait ). In 2018, following the acquisition of Starwood by Marriott International , the Reporter newspaper reported

1936-437: Was solved before the 15 February deadline. 42 hectares across two districts- Kirkos and Arada, was acquired by the hotel in 2004 for an expansion project, that would contain retail, a mosque, and 8050 apartments. The program was stalled, however, due to the city's inability to find funds to relocate the over 3,000 households that were to be displaced by the project. In 2010 MIDROC gave the municipality 151 million birr to expedite

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