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66-405: Towns: Townships: This Shijiazhuang location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang is the capital and most populous city of China's Hebei Province. A prefecture-level city about 266 kilometres (165 mi) southwest of Beijing, it administers eight districts , three county-level cities and eleven counties . At

132-463: A 148 kilometres (92 mi) north–south extent and a 175 kilometres (109 mi) wide from east to west. The prefecture has borders stretching 760 kilometres (472 mi) long and covers an area of 15,722 square kilometres (6,070 sq mi). Bordering prefecture-level cities in Hebei are Hengshui (E), Xingtai (S), and Baoding (N/NE). To the west lies the province of Shanxi . The city stands at

198-484: A county named Shiyi (Chinese: 石邑 ; lit. 'stone city'), in present-day Luquan District , was already present during the Warring States period , suggesting that the name, or its elements, have even older origins. At first, the settlement was officially known only as "Shijia", as the "zhuang" was solely used to denote the nature of the settlement being a village, instead of being part of its name. This

264-409: A large city. As of the end of 2017, the urban population of Shijiazhuang exceeded 4.5 million. In just six decades, the city's population has increased by more than 20 fold. At the end of 2009, the city's total non-migrant population was 9,774,100, an increase of 109,300 over the previous year. The birth rate of the city's population is 14.65%, the death rate is 6.25%, and the natural growth rate

330-528: A mixed pastoral, agricultural, and hunting economy and were distinguished from the nomads of the Eurasian steppe who lived to their north. Chinese historical accounts describe the Di inhabiting the upper Ordos Loop and gradually migrating eastward to northern Shanxi and northern Hebei , where they eventually created their own states like Zhongshan and Dai . Other groups of Di seem to have lived interspersed between

396-412: A rare distinction of being served by both the "conventional" Beijing–Guangzhou Railway and the new Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway . Such an arrangement is fairly uncommon on China's high-speed rail network , as typically high-speed lines are constructed to bypass city cores, where the older "conventional" train stations are. In Shijiazhuang's case, to make it possible to bring

462-609: A result of industrialization and infrastructural developments. From 2008 to 2011, Shijiazhuang implemented a three-year plan, resulting in an increase of green areas and new buildings and roads. A railway station, airport and subway system have been opened. Shijiazhuang is east of the Taihang Mountains , a mountain range extending over 400 km (250 mi) from north to south with an average elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 m (4,900 to 6,600 ft). The city's present name, Shijiazhuang (Chinese: 石家庄 ), first appeared during

528-508: A thick layer of smog over the region. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered district heating system in North China region. Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO 2 ) towards China's east coast. Shijiazhuang has direct administrative jurisdiction over: Migrants flowing in from all across China largely contributed to

594-407: A tractor-accessory plant. There are important coal deposits at Jingxing and Huailu, now named Luquan , a few miles to the west in the foothills of the Taihang Mountains , which provide fuel for a thermal-generating plant supplying power to local industries. Tianjin was again carved out of Hebei in 1967, remaining a separate entity today. The provincial capital was then moved to Baoding , however,

660-856: Is 11.2 times the World Health Organization PM2.5 Guideline (5 μg/m : set in September, 2021). These pollution levels are estimated to reduce the Life Expectancy of an average person living in Shijiazhuang by almost 5 years. A dense wave of smog began in the Central and Eastern part of China on December 2, 2013, across a distance of around 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), including Shijiazhuang and surrounding areas. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form

726-639: Is 5,075,875, accounting for 49.94% of the total population. The gender ratio of the total population is 100 women per 100.24 men. The population aged between 0 and 14 is 1,548,125, accounting for 15.23% of the total population; the population aged between 15 and 64 is 7,789,753, accounting for 76.64% of the total population; the population aged 65 and over is 825,910, accounting for 8.13% of the total population. The top 10 surnames of Shijiazhuang are: Zhang (10.27%), Wang (9.25%), Li (9.17%), Liu (6.73%), Zhao (4.28%), Yang (2.82%), Gao (2.08%), Chen (1.92%), Ma (1.77%), and Guo (1.55%). On May 6, 2011,

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792-413: Is 8.4%. According to the sixth national census in 2010, the city's total non-migrant population stands at 10,163,788. Compared with the fifth national census a decade prior, there was an increase of 818,365 people, or an increase of 8.76%, and an average annual growth rate of 0.84%. Among them, the male population stood at 5,087,913, accounting for 50.06% of the total population; the female population

858-558: Is home to major pharmaceutical companies and factories like the North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang Pharma Group , and Shineway Pharma. The textile industry is also one of the backbones of the city's commerce. Other sectors include machinery and chemicals such as Shijiazhuang Donghua Jinlong , building materials, light industry, and electronics. With abundant agricultural resources, Shijiazhuang has 590,000 hectares of cultivated land and

924-463: Is now northern Shaanxi through the first half of the Spring and Autumn period ; tribes began crossing the river into northern Shanxi in the second half. The Di eventually also established treaties of marriage and trade with the various Chinese states. The Jin prince Chong'er fled to his mother's family among them for many years until assassins sent by his brother forced him to begin wandering through

990-638: Is similar to spring in temperature and lack of rainfall. January averages −1.4 °C (29.5 °F), while July averages 27.7 °C (81.9 °F); the annual mean is 14.3 °C (57.7 °F). With the monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 38 percent in July to 56 percent in May, the city receives 2,163 hours of sunshine annually. More than half of the annual rainfall occurs in July and August alone. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −26.5 °C (−15.7 °F) to 42.8 °C (109.0 °F). According to

1056-421: Is the main source of cotton, pears, dates and walnuts in Hebei province. In 2008, total imports reached US$ 1.393 billion, an increase of 42.1 percent over the previous year. Exports increased by 34.9 percent to US$ 5.596 billion. 2006 World Bank reported that Shijiazhuang was spending less than RMB400 per capita on education, as opposed to Beijing (RMB1,044) and Weihai (RMB1,631). The zone

1122-604: The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences published the "2011 China Urban Competitiveness Blue Book: China Urban Competitiveness Report". In it, the happiness survey sampled 294 cities across China, arriving at the conclusion that the residents of Shijiazhuang were the happiest. This result caused strong doubts from netizens. In 2014, the GDP of Shijiazhuang reached CN¥510.02 billion (about $ 80.45 billion in USD), an increase of 12 percent over

1188-658: The Ming dynasty . Its literal meaning is " Shi family's village". The word Shijiazhuang was generally used after construction of the Shijiazhuang station of the Zhengtai Railway in 1907. The origin of the name is heavily disputed. One story claimed that the Wanli Emperor sent 24 officers and their families to the area, after which the group splits into two settlements consisting of 10 and 14 families. The imperial court then named

1254-683: The Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War still referred to the city as "Shijiazhuang" or "Shizhuang". To avoid confusion and association with the Japanese Army , the Chinese Communist Party ultimately reverted the city's name back to Shijiazhuang on December 26, 1947. Since then, many terms regarding the city have been stemmed from the "zhuang" suffix, including its nickname "international village" ( 国际庄 ), and

1320-580: The Tang dynasty (618–907), Hengshan county was abolished, and it was reestablished as a prefecture. It was renamed as Zhen Prefecture due to a naming taboo with Emperor Muzong of Tang , whose personal name was Li Heng. Zhending was a giant city in the area, now Zhengding county, where was destination of migration from Yuan dynasty people and central area of preceding Northern Song dynasty people, particularly in Kaifeng and Zhengzhou etc. Marco Polo has glanced

1386-655: The Zhou lived in lands near the Rong and Di for fourteen generations, until Gugong Danfu led then away to the mid- Wei River valley where they built their capital near Mount Qi . During the Eastern Zhou , the Chinese states—particularly Jin —expanded into Di territories, after which the Di were often their enemies. The "White Di" lived north of Qin and west of the Yellow River in what

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1452-449: The defeat of the Lü clan , Liu Chao was killed and the territory became a commandery of Zhao once again. Later, due to a naming taboo of Emperor Wen of Han , whose personal name is Liu Heng, its name was changed to Changshan (常山). From Han (206 BC–AD 220) to Sui (581–618) times it was the site of a county seat named Shiyi. With the reorganization of local government in the early period of

1518-454: The 2020 census, the city had a population of 11,235,086, with 6,230,709 in the built-up area comprising all urban districts except Jingxing District and Zhengding County , the twelfth largest in mainland China. Shijiazhuang experienced dramatic growth after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The population of the metropolitan area has more than quadrupled in thirty years as

1584-645: The Chinese states before their eventual conquest or sinicization . The ancient Chinese, whose Xia , Shang , and Zhou states flourished along the Fen , Yellow , and Wei valleys , discussed their neighbors according to the cardinal directions. The Four Barbarians were the Di to the north, the Man to the south, the Yi to the east, and the Rong to the west. These came to be used as generic chauvinistic pejoratives for different peoples long after

1650-509: The Chinese states. The Xianyu and "White Di" moved east from the areas around the Yellow River in north Shaanxi and northwest Shanxi into the Taihang Mountains of Shanxi and Hebei during the 6th century   BC. The "White Di" were especially numerous on the upper reaches of the Xinding or Hutuo Valley . In 569   BC, the Dao Duke of Jin announced a new peaceful policy towards

1716-501: The Di yet shared the same ancestral surname Ji 姬 with the Zhou kings. William H. Baxter and Laurent Sagart (2014) reconstruct the Old Chinese pronunciation of 狄 as * lˤek ; sometimes 狄 was written as 翟 , whose pronunciation was reconstructed as * lˤewk . Paul R. Goldin, professor of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at University of Pennsylvania, proposes that 狄/翟 was a pejorative "pseudo-ethnonym" made by Chinese for

1782-455: The Middle states, and of those [Yi], Man, [Rong], and [Di], all had their dwellings, where they lived at ease; their flavours which they preferred; the clothes suitable for them; their proper implements for use; and their vessels which they prepared in abundance. In those five regions, the languages of the people were not mutually intelligible, and their likings and desires were different. To make what

1848-607: The National Environmental Analysis released by Tsinghua University and The Asian Development Bank in January 2013, Shijiazhuang was one of ten most air-polluted cities in the world. Also according to this report, 7 of 10 most air-polluted cities are in China, including Taiyuan , Beijing, Urumqi , Lanzhou , Chongqing, Jinan and Shijiazhuang. As air pollution in China is at an all-time high, several northern cities are among

1914-546: The Northwest Agricultural Bank, the People's Bank of China was established here, where it produced and released the first series of the renminbi . Meanwhile, the industrialization of the city also gathered momentum thanks to government initiatives including the First Five-Year Plan . Shijiazhuang was one of the fourteen cities selected as focus cities for development. The population more than tripled in

1980-508: The area is a memorial site. Since the city was pivotal to the People's Liberation Army 's victory of the Chinese Civil War , many governmental agencies have roots in Shijiazhuang. The creation of the North China People's Government in 1947 affirmed the city's position as a key political center. A year later, as the result of the merger between the Bank of North China, the Bank of Beihai, and

2046-399: The barbarians (和戎, he Rong ). He ended Jin's expansionist invasions of foreign lands and instead bartered with their leaders, purchasing territory for valuable Chinese objects like ritual bronzes and bells . During this period, the "White Di" began to move east of Taiyuan and the Taihang Mountains . In 541   BC, Jin ceased the he Rong policy and became violent again, attacking

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2112-461: The bombings were an act of revenge on his relatives, who were among the tenants of the apartments. Jin and his accomplices were later executed. In December 2020, its mayor, Deng Peiran, was charged with corruption, with Ma Yujun currently serving as the acting mayor. A few weeks later, the city became a new COVID-19 hotspot: starting from the village of Xiaoguozhuang in Gaocheng District in

2178-509: The center of an extensive road network. Pre- World War II , Shijiazhuang was a large railway town as well as a commercial and collecting center for Shanxi and regions farther west and for agricultural produce of the North China Plain , particularly grain, tobacco, and cotton. By 1935, it had far outstripped Zhengding as an economic center. At the end of World War II the character of the city changed when it took on an administrative role as

2244-543: The city and noted it in his book. The name "Shijiazhuang" was first mentioned in 1535 on a stele of a local temple. Shijiazhuang was then little more than a local market town , subordinated to the flourishing city of Zhengding a few miles to the north. The growth of Shijiazhuang into one of China's major cities began in 1905, when the Beijing– Wuhan ( Hankou ) railway reached the area, stimulating trade and encouraging local farmers to grow cash crops. Two years later

2310-491: The city was plunged into chaos due to the Cultural Revolution just a year later. Thus, under the direction of Mao Zedong to "prepare for war and natural disasters", Shijiazhuang became the provincial capital in 1968. Beginning in the 1990s, Shijiazhuang saw another episode of rapid growth and development. Starting from the plains area in the east and south of the city, the focus of the developments later shifted towards

2376-494: The city's divisions. Qiaodong District was dissolved and merged into Chang'an and Qiaoxi districts. Three county-level cities, Gaocheng , Luquan , and Luancheng , became urban districts. Shijiazhuang is located in south-central Hebei, and is part of the Bohai Economic Rim . Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 37° 27' to 38° 47' N, and the longitude 113° 30' to 115° 20' E. The prefecture-level city reaches

2442-404: The city, Jingxing Mining District , was created on June 27, 1950. On November 7, 1952, Hengshui Prefecture, to the east, was merged into Shijiazhuang, adding six more counties. The prefecture continued to expand after Dingxian Prefecture was split and merged into Baoding and Shijiazhuang on June 18, 1954. Between March 1960 and May 1961, the prefecture and the city merged. Thereafter, however,

2508-461: The colloquial demonym, "villagers" ( 庄里人 ). Jokingly, people also call it "Sky Home Town" or "Rocksville" from its Chinese translating into English. This area was occupied by Xianyu people at beginning of Zhou dynasty ; it later belonged to the Zhongshan (中山國) and Zhao states during the pre-Qin period. In pre- Han times (i.e., before 206 BC), the site of the city of Shiyi in the state of Zhao

2574-518: The conquests of the original tribes and so are all usually translated as ' barbarian ' in English. Beidi tribes, ethnic groups, or states were sometimes distinguished as belonging to the "Red Di" (赤狄, Chidi ), the "White Di" (白狄, Baidi ), or "Tall Di" (長狄, Changdi ). The Xianyu ( Old Chinese ( B-S ): * s[a]r[ŋ]ʷ(r)a ), Fei, Zhongshan , and Dai kingdoms were founded by White Di. According to Eastern Wu scholar Wei Zhao , Xianyu's founders dwelt among

2640-426: The decade 1948–58 after Communist won the civil war. In the 1950s, the city experienced a major expansion in the textile industry, with large-scale cotton spinning, weaving, printing, and dyeing works. In addition, there are plants processing local farm produce. In the 1960s it was the site of a new chemical industry , with plants producing fertilizer and caustic soda . Shijiazhuang also became an engineering base, with

2706-486: The eastern part of Shijiazhuang, covers an area of 5.8 km (2.2 sq mi), and serves as the primary section of the New High-tech Industrial Development Zone. The district focuses on the establishment of new high-tech enterprises. There are plans to expand the district into an area of 9.8 km (3.8 sq mi). A railway line operated by Shijiazhuang Oil Refinery runs through

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2772-618: The edge of the North China Plain , which rises to the Taihang Mountains to the west of the city, and lies south of the Hutuo River . From west to east, the topography can be summarised as moderately high mountains, then low-lying mountains, hills, basin, and finally plains. Out of the eight east–west routes across the Taihang Mountains, the fifth, the Niangzi Pass , connects the city directly with Taiyuan , Shanxi. The mountainous part of

2838-481: The largest formula seller in China for a continuous 15-year period. Richard McGregor , author of The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers , said that Sanlu became "an invaluable asset for a city otherwise struggling to attract industry and investment on a par with China's premier metropolises." Both the dairy trade and Sanlu were affected by the 2008 Chinese milk scandal . The chairman and general manager of Sanlu, and several party officials, including

2904-780: The most polluted cities and have some of the worst air quality in China. Reporting on China's air quality has been accompanied by what seems like a monochromatic slideshow of the country's several cities smothered in thick smog. According to a survey made by "Global voices China" in February 2013, Shijiazhuang is among China's 10 most polluted cities along with other cities including major Chinese cities like Beijing and Zhengzhou , and 6 other prefectural cities all in Hebei . These cities are all situated in traditional geographic subdivision of "Huabei (North China) Region". In 2020, annual average PM2.5 Air Pollution in Shijiazhuang stood at 56 μg/m , which

2970-471: The mountainous districts and counties in the west, as well as along the Hutuo River in the north. In the early hours of March 16, 2001, four apartment buildings were leveled after a series of explosions rocked the city, killing 108 while injuring 38. The perpetrator was a deaf, unemployed man named Jin Ruchao who police arrested weeks later. Jin confessed that he had delivered the bombs via taxi and stated that

3036-445: The new high-speed railway into the central city, a 5 km (3.1 mi) long railway tunnel was constructed under the city. This is the first time a high-speed railway has been run under a Chinese city. Xianyu people The Di or Beidi ( Northern Di ) were various ethnic groups who lived north of the Chinese ( Huaxia ) realms during the Zhou dynasty . Although initially described as nomadic, they seem to have practiced

3102-534: The northern "barbarians" and it meant "feathered". Surviving accounts of the culture and history of China's early neighbors mostly date from the late Zhou . The Book of Rites notes: The people of those five regions— the Middle states , and the [Rong], [Yi], (and other wild tribes round them)—had all their several natures, which they could not be made to alter. The tribes on the east were called [Yi]. They had their hair unbound, and tattooed their bodies. Some of them ate their food without its being cooked. Those on

3168-433: The northern portion of the city, cases has been increasing rapidly since January 2, 2021. Due to its proximity with Beijing and the severity of the outbreak, harsh measures were put into place, with all 11 million residences undergoing mandatory testing, as well as school closures, banning of gatherings, and residential districts being sealed. All highways were blocked off, with rail and air links also suspended. Throughout

3234-623: The pharmaceutical industry and the petrochemical industry . By 2009, some 2,600 enterprises had settled in the zone, of which 185 were foreign-funded enterprises. Firms from Japan, the US, the Republic of Korea, Germany, Italy, Canada, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan had established themselves in the zone. The city is a center for the dairy trade, being the headquarters of the Sanlu Group . Sanlu became Shijiazhuang's largest taxpayer since it had become

3300-602: The population growth of Shijiazhuang in recent times. With a population of 120,000 in 1947, Shijiazhuang became the first medium-large city captured by the Chinese Communist Party from the Kuomintang . By the time of the People's Republic of China's founding in 1949, the total urban population increased to more than 270,000 people, more than doubling in a span of two years. In 1953, when China rolled out its first five-year plan,

3366-407: The preeminent city in western Hebei, and developed into an industrial city. Some industries, such as match manufacturing, tobacco processing, and glassmaking, had already been established before the war. By 1941, Shide railway line was constructed between Shijiazhuang and Dezhou , Shandong in the war occupied period , operated by North China Transportation Company . On November 12, 1947, the city

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3432-637: The prefecture consists of parts of: The Hutuo River Basin in the east juts into: The city has a continental, monsoon -influenced semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk / Dwa ), characterised by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and generally cold, windy, very dry winters that reflect the influence of the Siberian anticyclone . Spring can see sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn

3498-555: The prefecture was re-established, with Hengshui Prefecture splitting away the next year. The city and its prefecture merged for good in June 1993. In the 2010s, Shijiazhuang's administrative divisions saw further changes. In 2013, the county-level city of Xinji , although still part of Shijiazhuang prefecture, is now directly administered by Hebei province . Later, the State Council of the People's Republic of China approved more adjustments to

3564-550: The previous year, and placing the city 20th in provincial capitals by GDP. Shijiazhuang has become a major industrial city in North China and is considered to be the economic center of Hebei province, along with Tangshan . The city also located in Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Hi-Tech Industrial Belt , which is one of the main Hi-Tech Belts in China. Nicknamed the "medicine hub of China", it

3630-415: The settlements "village of 10 families" ( 十家庄 ) and "village of 14 families" (十四家庄), respectively. Since the Chinese characters for ten ( 十 ; shí ) and stone ( 石 ; shí ) are homophones, it is speculated that the city name gradually evolved into its current spelling. Another explanation is that the settlement was named after the highest-ranking official amongst the groups, who was surnamed Shi . However,

3696-438: The south were called Man. They tattooed their foreheads, and had their feet turned in towards each other. Some of them (also) ate their food without its being cooked. Those on the west were called [Rong]. They had their hair unbound, and wore skins. Some of them did not eat grain-food. Those on the north were called [Di]. They wore skins of animals and birds, and dwelt in caves. Some of them also did not eat grain-food. The people of

3762-511: The total population of Shijiazhuang's urban area increased to 320,000. In 1960, the total population of the Shijiazhuang urban area had reached 650,000. In 1968, the city experienced a substantial increase due to it being designated the capital of Hebei to avoid chaos in Baoding amidst the Cultural Revolution. By 1980, the urban population had surpassed the one million mark, joining the ranks of

3828-402: The town became the junction for the new Shitai line, running from Shijiazhuang to Taiyuan , Shanxi. The connection transformed the town from a local collecting center and market into a communications center of national importance on the main route from Beijing and Tianjin to Shanxi, and later, when the railway from Taiyuan was extended to the southwest, to Shaanxi as well. The city also became

3894-612: The vice-mayor in charge of food and agriculture, Zhang Fawang, were reportedly removed from office. Mayor Ji Chuntang reportedly resigned on September 17, 2008. The city is served by many expressways, including the Shitai , Beijing– Shenzhen and Taiyuan – Cangzhou Expressways. Shijiazhuang is a transportation hub at the intersection point of the Beijing– Guangzhou , Taiyuan – Dezhou , and Shuozhou – Huanghua railways. The new Shijiazhuang railway station (opened December 2012) has

3960-405: The years, the city's administrative units have been shifted and adjusted multiple times. Initially, Shijiazhuang was administered under the prefecture of the same name, along with the counties of Zhengding , Pingshan , Lingshou , Jingxing , Jianping , Huailu , Jinxian , Gaocheng , Luancheng , Zhaoxian , Shulu , Yuanshi , Zanhuang , Gaoyi , and one town, Xinji . The first new district of

4026-464: The zone from north to south, so enterprises in the zone can build lines of their own. The Western District, located in the southwest of Shijiazhuang, covers an area of 8.2 km (3.2 sq mi). It focuses on small- and medium-sized technology enterprises and technology incubation. Liangcun District, which borders the Western District, covers 4 km (1.5 sq mi), and focuses on

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4092-526: Was captured by Communist forces. Xibaipo , a village about 90 km (56 mi) from downtown Shijiazhuang, in Pingshan County was the location of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army during the decisive stages of the Chinese Civil War between May 26, 1948, and March 23, 1949, at which point they were moved to Beijing. Today,

4158-556: Was established in March 1991 as a state-level development zone and is divided into three districts. National highways 107, 207, 307, 308 pass through the zone. It is 15 km (9.3 mi) away from Shijiazhuang railway station, 105 km (65 mi) away from Tianjin Port. Industries include pharmaceuticals, electronic information, mechanical production, automobile manufacturing, chemicals production and logistics. The Eastern District, located in

4224-485: Was further evidenced on June 24, 1925, when the Republican government ordered the village to be established as an autonomous city under the name Shijia. The city ended up being renamed as Shimen ( 石门 ) when it was officially incorporated on August 29, 1925, after the merger with another village, Xiumen (Chinese: 休门 ; lit. 'auspicious gate'). Despite being renamed, however, many documents and war plans from

4290-562: Was in their minds apprehended, and to communicate their likings and desires, (there were officers)—in the east, called transmitters; in the south, representationists; in the west, [Di-dis]; and in the north, interpreters. The Di were often associated with the Rong; both were considered more warlike and less civilized than the Yi or Man. According to the Records of the Grand Historian , the ancestors of

4356-687: Was located in this area. After taking over Zhao , Qin Shi Huang established the Hengshan Commandery in the region. It became part of the Zhao Principality under Western Han . The land was briefly granted to Liu Buyi ( 劉不疑 ), son of the Emperor Hui , during Empress Dowager Lü 's reign. The territory was then passed to Liu Hong, Emperor Houshao of Han , after Buyi's death. It was then granted to Liu Chao ( 劉朝 ), another son of Emperor Hui. During

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