48-557: Shebshi Mountains ( 8°30′N 11°45′E / 8.5°N 11.75°E / 8.5; 11.75 ) is a mountain range in Adamawa State , northeastern Nigeria extending in a north-south direction near the Cameroon border and between the Benue and Taraba rivers. The peak altitude is reach with Mount Dimlang (formerly Vogel) at 2,042 m (6,699 ft.). Numerous tributaries of
96-562: A debt stock of ₦132.68 billion as of December 2021, ranking the 19th most indebted state in Nigeria and 2nd most indebted in the North-East . The Dangote group operates a sugar production factory in Numan which has a sugar refining capacity of 3,000 tonnes of cane per day. The company announced plans to expand to factory to a capacity of 6,000tcd, 9,800tcd and to 15,000 tcd. They also plan to increase
144-477: A second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government areas. 9°20′N 12°30′E / 9.333°N 12.500°E / 9.333; 12.500 Kamwe language#People Kamwe (also spelt Kamue ) is a Chadic language native to Adamawa State and Borno State of Nigeria as well as to North-Western Cameroon . In Nigeria about 80 percent of
192-415: Is Kwaji whether male or female. The sixth child is Tari for male and Kwata for female. The seventh child is sini for male and Kwasini for female. The eight child is Kwada for both male and Female. The ninth child is Drambi for both the male and female. The tenth child is called Kwatri for both the male and female child. Subsequently, any other child will have a suffix "hale" attached to the name signifying that
240-495: Is a compound word derived from the words "Ka" and "Mwe" Which means "People of". Kamwe stands for people of the same consanguinity and affinity. It means family kindred. Relatives bound together. It derived its meaning from a special type of native Kamwe ornament worn by close relatives of a deceased person as a mark of identity and empathy. According to Kamwe elders the "Mwe" is the mark of true identity of relatives in Kamweland. In
288-553: Is experienced between December and February every year. In recent years, the effect of climate change has begun to be more evident. Tropical wet and dry weather prevails in Adamawa State. The wet season lasts from April to October, whereas the dry season lasts for at least five months (November to March) yearly. An upsurge in rainfall in September in recent years is usually accompanied by floods. According to Dr. Sulieman Muhammad,
336-433: Is home to many languages due to the state's ethnic diversity. Inter-ethnic communication is mostly done using Fulfulde , Hausa or English . Many of the state's languages are at danger of extinction due to economic, social, political, religious, and contextual factors. Fewer and fewer people are using their ethnic languages in homes. Languages of Adamawa State listed by LGA: The Governor of Adamawa State which acts as
384-773: Is home to the major happenings of the Islamic Jihad, led by the Sokoto Caliphate in the early 1800s. Adamawa is also home to the headquarters of two indigenous churches, the Church of the Brethren in Nigeria (EYN Church) with its headquarters in Mubi in the northern zone of the state, and the Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church) with headquarters in Numan in the southern zone of
432-556: Is led by Bishop Markus Ibrahim (2020), also the Archbishop of the Province of Jos Anglican Diocese of Yola . Tertiary institutions in Adamawa state include: Adamawa state has many healthcare sectors that are of different levels, these levels are federal, state and local(grassroot) levels, these include: Adamawa State consists of twenty-one Local Government Areas (LGAs): Adamawa state
480-727: Is now eastern Adamawa State became most of the Northern Cameroons within the British Cameroons until 1961, when a referendum led to a merger with Nigeria . Originally, modern-day Adamawa State was a part of the post-independence Northern Region until 1967 when the area became part of the North-Eastern State . After the North-Eastern State was split in 1976, Gongola State was formed on 3 February 1976 alongside ten other states. Fifteen years after statehood, Gongola
528-690: Is now known as Adamawa state has been inhabited for years by various ethnic groups, including the Bwatiye (Bachama) , Bali , Bata (Gbwata), Gudu , Mbula-Bwazza , and Nungurab (Lunguda) in the central region; the Kamwe in the north and central region; the Jibu in the far south; the Kilba , Mafa , Marghi , and Waga in the north, and the Mumuye in the south while the Fulani live throughout
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#1733084774663576-533: Is one of the largest states of Nigeria and occupies about 36,917 square kilometers. It is bordered by the states of Borno to the northwest, Gombe to the west and Taraba to the southwest. Its eastern border forms the national eastern border with Cameroon . Topographically, it is a mountainous land crossed by large river valleys – Benue , Gongola , and Yedsarem . The valleys of the Mount Cameroon , Mandara Mountains , and Adamawa Plateau form part of
624-509: Is well understood by all and are widely spoken. Being the main language of administration and commerce, and having a literary tradition. Most Kamwe identify themselves with Mwe-ci-ka (Michika), the ancestral home of all Kamwe people. The name Mwecika(Michika) is a Nkafa phrase which means creeping in silently to hunt. Depicting how Kwada Kwakaa the warrior was moving stealthily on the Michika hills to hunt his games. Kamwe literally means people of
672-585: The 36 states , Adamawa is the eighth largest in the area , but the thirteenth least populous with an estimated population of about 4.25 million as of 2016. Geographically, the state is mainly composed of highlands and mountains (the Atlantika , Mandara , and the Shebshi ranges) and the Adamawa Plateau crossed by valleys and rivers, most notably the Benue and Gongola rivers. The lowlands of Adamawa are part of
720-515: The Benue River , including the Kam, Fan, Sonko, Belwa, and Ini rivers, rise on the range’s wooded upper slopes. This area is sparsely inhabited by subsistence farmers . The climate of this region consists mostly of Southern Guinea Savanna and Derived Savanna. Derived Savanna is the result of people clearing forest land for cultivation. Farmers fell a tract of forest, burn the dead trees, and plant crops in
768-518: The Boko Haram insurgency affecting development in the state, Adamawa has the eleventh lowest Human Development Index in the country but as the insurgency has abated since 2016 due to terrorist infighting, development has been renewed. Before it became a state in Nigeria, Adamawa was a subordinate kingdom of the Sultanate of Sokoto , which also included much of northern Cameroon . The rulers bear
816-752: The European colonization (first by Germany and then by Britain ), the rulers remained as emirs and the line of succession has continued to the present day. In the early 1800s, the Fulani jihad seized much of modern-day Adamawa State and formed the Adamawa Emirate under the Sokoto Caliphate . About 90 years later, forces from Germany and the British Empire defeated the Emirate in the Adamawa Wars and split
864-693: The Kamwe people are found in Michika Local Government Area of Adamawa State , Nigeria. They are also found in Mubi North , Hong , Gombi , Song and Madagali local governments in Adamawa State. The Kamwe people are also found in Borno State , especially in Askira/Uba and Gwoza local government areas Blench (2019) lists Mukta of Mukta village, Adamawa State as part of the Kamwe cluster. Kamwe
912-793: The West Sudanian savanna in the north and the wetter Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in parts of the south, while elevated areas are parts of the Mandara Plateau mosaic and Cameroonian Highlands forests ecoregions . In the extreme south of the state is part of the Gashaka Gumti National Park , a large wildlife park that contains large populations of bushbuck , African buffalo , patas monkey , black-and-white colobus , giant pangolin , and hippopotamus along with some of Nigeria's last remaining Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee , African leopard , and African golden cat populations. What
960-648: The Executive Secretary of the Adamawa State Emergency Management Agency (ADSEMA), 25 people died in September 2022 due to floods brought on by both the overflow of water from the Lagdo Dam in Cameroon due to severe rainfall. In October 2022, an additional flood claimed 37 lives and submerged 89,000 thousand hectares of farmlands with 58 others sustaining various degrees of injuries. Flooding in September 2023 killed 5 people. Flooding
1008-679: The Executive, the State Legislature, and the Adamawa State House of Assembly are located in Yola, the state capital. The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two-thirds of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes the threshold,
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#17330847746631056-640: The Kamwe People had an organised legal system of the King called "Mbege" as the sole adjudicator. Adjudication in Kamwe Language is called "Kita". To enhance cultural renaissance in Kamweland, annual cultural festival tagged "Kamwe People Annual Cultural Festival of Art and Culture has been staged in Michika Adamawa State Nigeria every First (1st) Saturday in the month of April every year since 2017. It
1104-639: The Kamwe people. Insult in Kamwe language (Vecemwe) is call 'Ngelai.' The offensive and derogatory word "higgi" was coined from "hagyi" grasshopper and scornfully tagged on the Kamwe by their neighbours the Margi , to mock the Kamwe in the past because of the Kamwe women's huge appetite for grasshopper which they go hunting near River Yadszeram. . Majority of the Kamwe people despise the derogatory and offensive word 'Higgi' except some few people in Dakwa (Bazza) area who are originally of Margi origin. Because grasshopper from which
1152-528: The Northern Kameruns joined Nigeria to form the then Sardauna Province and the Southern Kameruns formed a Confederation with French-speaking Cameroon. Source: Federal Highways are: Other major roads include Five roads to Cameroon : Airports: Yola International near Jimeta. Adamawa is a Muslim-majority state in Nigeria, with a substantial Christian population. Historically, Adamawa
1200-528: The area. The British-controlled area (much of the west of modern-day Adamawa) was incorporated into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate which later merged into British Nigeria before becoming independent as Nigeria in 1960. The German-controlled area formed a part of German Kamerun until allied forces invaded and occupied Kamerun during the Kamerun campaign of World War I . After the war, what
1248-409: The ashes for as long as the soil remains fertile. Then, the field is abandoned and, although forest trees may recolonize, grass takes over on the bare ground (succession), becoming luxuriant enough to burn within a year or so. Adamawa State Adamawa State is a state in the North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria , bordered by Borno to the northwest, Gombe to the west, and Taraba to
1296-486: The child was born in old age of the mother. Example is Kuve-hale or Zira-hale as the case may be. Twins or multiple births are celebrated in Kamwe culture. Twins have special names depending on the gender and who is delivered first. First male twin is called Thakma, the second male twin is Pembi. First female twin is Thakma, second female twin is Kwalgha Before the advent of Western legal system in Africa and especially Nigeria,
1344-403: The child's birth from the mother. A first-born male child is named Tizhe , a first-born female child Kuve . The first ten children in Kamwe culture are named as follows:- First male child is Tizhe, the female child is Kuve. The second male child is Zira, the female is Masi. The third male child is Tumba, the female is Kwarramba, the fourth male child is Vandi, the female is Kwanye. The fifth child
1392-609: The community include the Adamawa Peace Initiative (API) - a group of business, religious, and community leaders - and the Adamawa Muslim Council. The United States Agency for International Development has pledged to provide continuing humanitarian assistance. On 21–22 February 2020, Boko Haram terrorists launched an attack on homes and churches in Garkida, killing three soldiers and wounding civilians . Adamawa
1440-651: The country and West Africa to buy and sell cattle in its markets, such as the Mubi International cattle market in Mubi South . Despite the state's high level of cattle production, the markets are poorly developed without essential services like meat processing. Meaning, live animals have to be transported in trucks for 4 days before they reach cities with high demand to regions like the South-West , South-South or South-East Nigeria. The development of many communities in
1488-594: The derogatory word "higgi" is derived is a hopeless insect in Kamwe culture eaten by lizards and frogs because they are weak and vulnerable. The Margi first called the Kamwe people "Higi" in 1937. Large number of Kamwe elders interviewed said that despite their objection to the word higgi in the past, the Church of the Brethren Missionary (CBM) who arrived in Lassa town from Garkida in 1929 still went ahead to document it despite
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1536-444: The dry season is practised. Fishing is also very popular in the riverine areas. The breeds of cattle found in Adamawa are; Adamawa Gudali , Sokoto Gudali, White Fulani , Ambala, Red Sokoto and Red Fulani . The state has around 1.5 million cattle and 64 grazing reserves of which 30 are gazetted. Adamawa state has a thriving livestock industry especially cattle-rearing. It has 2.5 million heads of cattle. Traders come from all over
1584-450: The hills, mountains and even the sky in Vecemwe. There are more than 24 dialects of Vecemwe (Kamwe language) but Nkafa is the central dialect and is reduced into writing and literature. The Kamwe people and language were called Higi (Higgi)/hagyi or hiji as pronounced by Fulani in the past. Kamwe elders say "Higgi" is an offensive, derogatory word coined by Margi people to insult and demean
1632-542: The landscape. A study conducted on climate in 2012 in Nigeria's Adamawa state revealed monthly mean temperature rise in Gyawana, Yola, and Mubi, while annual rainfall declined. Delays in rainfall and reduced length of fall were observed in these areas. Contrarily, in recent times, the humidity and temperature of Adamawa state, especially during the dry season, begins in November, which is usually very hot. The harmattan period
1680-450: The next month across 14 out of 21 LGAs in Adamawa caused 33 deaths and displaced 51,043 people. 11 temporary settlements across the LGAs of Yola South , Yola North , Lamude, Madagali , and Demsa were set up to house the internally displaced . Adamawa has vast arable land for agriculture, waterfalls and landscape, and solid minerals like limestone , tantalite and kaoline . The GDP of
1728-452: The past, if a non-relative wears the Mwe, it can leads to conflict with the real relatives. Only close relatives are allowed to wear the Mwe. Because the "Mwe" is the true identity of close relatives and cements the bond between them. Those wearing the Mwe will hug themselves saying "Tselie ra na". (Your are my relative.) Some elders still opine that the Kamwe means people of the heavens, people on
1776-400: The protest by Kamwe people who attend CBM school and missionary hospitals in Lassa. Motto: Dabeghi Nji Denama (There is strength in unity) There are twenty-four active dialects of the Kamwe language. The active Kamwe language dialects include Nkafa, Dakwa, Krghea (sometimes called Higgi Fali), Fwea, Humsi, Modi, Sina, and Tilyi; Blench (2006) considers Psikye to be another. Nkafa dialect
1824-450: The same "consanguinity and affinity". The Kamwe people believe in a heavenly God called 'Hyalatamwe' Communication with Hyalatamwe directly is not possible in Kamwe culture. Hyalatamwe is revered and feared. Communication with him has to be through intermediaries called "Da melie or Tchehye shwa" In the Kamwe culture, caste system does exist as the Kamwe race is broadly classified into 'Melie and Ka-Ligyi'. The founder of Michika (Mwe-ci-ka)
1872-502: The size of the factory from 8,700 hectares in 2022 to about 24,200 hectares within seven years. The markets found in the state are incredibly important to its economic activity and to its inhabitants. These markets, especially its cattle markets, enhanced the development of economic activities in the state, cash crops like groundnut and beans are grown and crops like rice , maize and sorghum are grown as food crops. Around River Yedseram and its tributaries, vegetable gardening in
1920-448: The southwest while its eastern border forms part of the national border with Cameroon . It takes its name from the historic emirate of Adamawa , with the emirate's old capital of Yola serving as the capital city of Adamawa State. The state was formed in 1991 when the former Gongola State was broken up into Adamawa and Taraba states. The state is one of the most heterogeneous in Nigeria, having over 100 indigenous ethnic groups. Of
1968-770: The state can be traced to the colonial era when the Germans ruled a swath of territory known as the Northern and Southern Kameruns from Dikwa in the North to Victoria ( Limbe ) on the Atlantic coast in the 19th century. These were, however, handed over as United Nations Trust Territories to the British at the end of the World War I with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles . After a series of referendums,
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2016-537: The state is estimated to be ₦2.66 trillion. It has the 18th largest economy among the 36 states of Nigeria and the largest in the North-East region. The total revenue of the state experienced a growth of 9.93% from around ₦700.602 billion in 2020 to ₦777.62 billion in 2021. However, the state heavily depends on federally distributed revenues, with 77.52% of its total revenue being Gross FAAC in 2021. Adamawa had an IGR of ₦8.65 billion in 2021. The state imported $ 25.02 million worth of goods between 2019 and 2021. It has
2064-462: The state — often as nomadic herders . Adamawa is also religiously diverse as about 50% of the population is Sunni Muslim and 40% is Christian (mainly Lutheran , EYN , ECWA , and Pentecostal ), while the remaining 10% are adherents of traditional ethnic religions. As an agriculturally-based state, the Adamawa State economy mainly relies on livestock and crops, such as cotton , groundnuts , millet , cassava , guinea corn , and yams . Due to
2112-718: The state. The Church of the Brethren in Nigeria (EYN church) was founded in Garkida Gombi Local Government of the state in March 1923 by American missionaries. The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church) was founded in Numan by Dutch missionaries in 1913. 4.5% Catholic with 192,767 followers (2020) in the Diocese of Yola (1950) with 39 parishes under Bishop Stephen Dami Mamza (2011) [ https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dyola.html Yola (Diocese) Catholic-Hierarchy. The Anglican Diocese of Yola (1990) with 39 parishes
2160-525: The states of Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe. In 2014, an estimate placed the number of IDPs around Yola at 400,000. An attack occurred in Chakawa in 2014. A suicide bombing in Yola in 2015 killed over 30 people. A double suicide bombing in Madagali in 2016 killed over 50 people. Mubi is the worst affected place in Adamawa State, suffering major attacks in 2012 , 2014 , 2017 and 2018 . Organizations serving
2208-629: The title of emir (" lamido " in the local language, Fulfulde ). The name "Adamawa" came from the founder of the kingdom, Modibo Adama , a regional leader of the Fulani Jihad organized by Usman dan Fodio of Sokoto in 1804. Modibo Adama came from the region of Gurin (now just a small village) and in 1806, received a green flag for leading the jihad in his native country. In the following years, Adama conquered many lands and tribes. In 1838, he moved his capital to Ribadu, and in 1839, to Joboliwo. In 1841, he founded Yola , where he died in 1848. After
2256-487: Was said to be one Kwada Kwakaa, a prince from Kuli in Nkafamiya on the hills of Michika. Kwada Kwakaa was said to be a warrior hunter who could hunt lions and leopards just by himself. When his father, who was the King in Nkafamiya, got to know that Kwada was 'kwa' 'kaa', he mandated Kwada to be the ruler in the present day Michika. What is unique about the Kamwe people's culture is the way the name their children according to
2304-683: Was split with the state's south becoming Taraba State while its north became Adamawa State. A measles outbreak was reported in an internally displaced persons camp, in January 2015. Lamibe (Emirs) of Adamawa have included: Adamawa State has been badly impacted by the Boko Haram insurgency. In January 2012, Boko Haram attacked Gombi , Mubi and Yola . By 2014, the state became home to camps housing an estimated 35,000 internally displaced people, fleeing violence from Boko Haram in locations including Mubi, Madagali , Askira Uba , Bama and Gwoza in
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