53-574: Shaw National Distribution Centre (also known as Shaw NDC ) was a warehouse distribution centre located in Shaw and Crompton , a town in Greater Manchester , England. It was the main distribution and order processing centre for British retailer The Very Group who used it to store "over 1,000,000 sq ft (93,000 m) of products", ready for delivery through their distribution arm, Business Express, which later became Home Delivery Network after
106-492: A centralised system of local government officially called local administration as it is a branch of the Executive . The country is divided into 27 governorates ( محافظة muḥāfaẓah ; Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [moˈħɑfzˤɑ] ; genitive case : muḥāfaẓat [moˈħɑfzˤet] ; plural: محافظات muḥāfaẓāt [moħɑfˈzˤɑːt] ), the top tier of local administration. A governorate
159-470: A federal republic operates three tiers of government: federal (or central), states and local government. The country's constitution provides for each local government (which exists in a single tier countrywide), and its development areas and autonomous communities created by individual state legislation to have democratically elected local government heads. There is a ministry (or bureau) of local government and chieftaincy affairs in each state charged with
212-479: A Nazim (the word means "supervisor" in Urdu, but is sometimes translated as Mayor). Some districts, incorporating large metropolitan areas, are called City Districts. A City District may contain subdivisions called Towns and Union Councils. Council elections are held every four years. District Governments also include a District Coordination Officer (DCO), who is a civil servant in-charge of all devolved departments. Currently,
265-479: A [local] jurisdiction that has adequate political, administrative, and fiscal autonomy and authority to respond to the needs and priorities of its constituents". Questions regarding the empowerment of local government institutions, the structure and nature of local political leadership, and the extent of local self-governance and municipal autonomy are key questions of public administration and governance. Local elections are held in many countries. Egypt has
318-441: A chairperson and a number of members. In 1997, a parliamentary act was passed to reserve three seats (out of 12) in every union for female candidates. Dhaka is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. The cities with a city corporation, having mayoral elections, include Dhaka South, Dhaka North, Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Barisal, Rangpur, Comilla and Gazipur. Other major cities, these and other municipalities electing
371-544: A cluster of cotton mills in the central part of the town—Lily, Lily (No. 2), Newby, Rutland, Ash and Dee. Rutland Mill was built in 1907, taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in 1930s and absorbed into the Courtaulds group in 1964. It closed for business in 1966. The Lily mills were designed by G. Stott, and built in 1904 and 1917 respectively. They were both cotton mills until they were purchased in
424-418: A mayor and councilors for each ward, include Mymensingh, Gopalganj, Jessore, Bogra, Dinajpur, Saidapur, Narayanganj, Naogaon and Rangamati. Both the municipal heads are elected for a span of five years. The administrative divisions of Brunei mainly consist of daerah , mukim and kampung or kampong . They are organised hierarchically, with daerah being the first level and kampong the third level. All
477-461: A particular sovereign state . Local governments typically constitute a subdivision of a higher-level political or administrative unit, such as a nation or state. Local governments generally act within the powers and functions assigned to them by law or directives of a higher level of government. In federal states , local government generally comprises a third or fourth level of government, whereas in unitary states , local government usually occupies
530-687: A separate level of government, provided they are also able to raise and spend some funds on their own initiative and own responsibility." Other definitions for local governments are less prescriptive and emphasize the political or representative nature of local governments. For instance, OECD defines local governments as "decentralized entities whose governance bodies are elected through universal suffrage and which has general responsibilities and some autonomy with respect to budget, staff and assets." The Local Public Sector Alliance defines local government institutions as "a corporate body (or institutional unit) that performs one or more public sector functions within
583-479: A series of bridges to link the mills. Meanwhile, the Dee" and "Ash mills were demolished with intention of using the land to further expand the complex. This however was prevented by the fact the Dee mill's engine house was protected by English Heritage and so for the following 10 years, it stood in the middle of wasteland. In the 1990s permission was granted to demolish the neglected engine house and work began on building
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#1732870000736636-593: A smaller number of loya jirga delegates— according to allotted numbers assigned to each district. The delegates then took part in the Loya Jirga. The warlords who rule various regions of the country exert local control. The transitional government is attempting to integrate local governing authorities with the central government, but it lacks the loyalty from the warlords necessary to its governing authority. More traditional elements of political authority—such as Sufi networks, royal lineage, clan strength, age-based wisdom, and
689-640: A three-tier system of local self-government in rural areas in India; The Israeli Ministry of Interior recognizes four types of local government in Israel: Since the Meiji restoration , Japan has had a local government system based on prefectures . The national government oversees much of the country. Municipal governments were historical villages. Now mergers are common for cost effective administration. There are 47 prefectures . They have two main responsibilities. One
742-603: A wide range of services to local residents," while "the scope of their authority is generally much less than that of central government or state governments, and they may or may not be entitled to levy taxes." They are often heavily dependent on grants (transfers) from higher levels of government, and they may also act, to some extent, as agents of central or regional governments. They should also be able to appoint their own officers, independently of external administrative control. Even when local governments act as agents of central or state governments to some extent, they can be treated as
795-577: Is administered by a governor , who is appointed by the President of Egypt and serves at the president's discretion. Governors have the civilian rank of minister and report directly to the prime minister , who chairs the Board of Governors and meets with them on a regular basis. The Minister of Local Development coordinates the governors and their governorate's budgets. In recent years , Mali has undertaken an ambitious decentralization program, which involves
848-405: Is divided into several unions , with each union consisting of multiple villages. In the metropolitan areas, police stations are divided into wards, which are further divided into mahallas . There are no directly elected officials at the divisional or district levels, although elected chairs of subdistricts also sit on district councils. Direct elections are held for each union (or ward), electing
901-466: Is made up of five buildings; three of which are converted cotton mills, built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and two state-of-the-art purpose built buildings added in the mid 1990s. The first, seen from Linney Lane, is a £61million automated Bulk-Carton Storage facility. The second, which is accessed from Beal Lane, is home to a packing hall and a distribution centre. The site is one of Europe 's largest warehouse distribution centres. The centre
954-562: Is mediation between national and municipal governments. The other is area wide administration. Local government is the lowest level in the system of government in Malaysia —after federal and state. It has the power to collect taxes (in the form of assessment tax), to create laws and rules (in the form of by-laws) and grants licenses and permits for any trade in its area of jurisdiction, in addition to providing basic amenities, collecting and managing waste and garbage as well as planning and developing
1007-611: Is no single, commonly accepted definition of the term, the most precise definition of local governments is provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) , which divides the general government sector into three sub-sectors (central, state, and local government) and defines local governments as "institutional units whose fiscal, legislative, and executive authority extends over the smallest geographical areas distinguished for administrative and political purposes." The IMF further notes that local governments "typically provide
1060-836: Is the lowest administrative level in Brunei and headed by a ketua kampong or village head. Its population varies from a few hundreds to tens of thousands. The subdivisions of Georgia are autonomous republics ( Georgian : ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა , avtonomiuri respublika ), regions (მხარე, mkhare ), and municipalities (მუნიციპალიტეტი, munits'ipaliteti ). Local government is the third tier of government in India , after Union Government and State Government . The urban local bodies (municipalities) are for urban governance and panchayati raj institutions (panchayats) for rural governance. Urban Local Bodies (ULBs): Rural Local Bodies: Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), knowns as " Panchayats " are
1113-668: The barangay . The country remains a unitary state and the National Government continues to have strong influence over local government units. A province is led by a governor along with the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (Provincial Council) composed of board members. A mayor leads a city or municipality while the Sangguniang Panlungsod (City Council) and the Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Council) constitute
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#17328700007361166-503: The 1950s by Cyril Lord . They were taken over by Carrington Viyella in around 1970, but closed for business in 1977 when they were purchased by Littlewoods and converted into an "ultra-modern mail-order warehouse". After major structural changes, the site became operational as a mail order processing centre in 1979. The interiors of the cotton mills were stripped of their cotton-spinning machinery , whilst externally, chimneys were felled and reservoirs were removed. Other changes included
1219-613: The Exchequer , visited Shaw NDC in 2005. In 2006, the site won the award for "Business Excellence in the North of England" for private sector firms with more than 250 staff. In May 2006 it was announced that Shaw NDC was to become The Very Group's only packing and distribution centre for non-bulk items, employing nearly 1,000 staff; strengthening Very's position as the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham 's largest private employer. In early 2009
1272-467: The Lily mills, it purchased the adjacent Rutland Mill with the intention of continuing a bridge connection from the other mills and converting it into an automated storage facility. However, it was decided this would cost more money than simply replacing the mill with a purpose made building. Nearby residents were informed of the demolition of Rutland mill and its replacement with a new 'one storey' warehouse, which
1325-659: The Mayor is the supreme of each local government which is elected every 5 (Five) year by local public. Local government is the third tier of government in Pakistan , after Federal Government and Provincial Government. There are three types of administrative unit of local government in Pakistan: There are over five thousand local governments in Pakistan. Since 2001, these have been led by democratically elected local councils, each headed by
1378-494: The Peshawar parties to ensure access to weapons that were doled out to the parties by the government of Pakistan for distribution to fighters inside Afghanistan. The Taliban set up a shura (assembly), made up of senior Taliban members and important tribal from the area. Each shura made laws and collected taxes locally. The Taliban set up a provisional government for the whole of Afghanistan, but it did not exercise central control over
1431-708: The Philippines. There was an attempt to institute an autonomous region in the Cordillera , but that failed and instead the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) was established. Local governments have limited taxing authority. Most of their funds come from the national government via the Internal Revenue Allotment There are three levels of local government in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia :
1484-629: The Powers of Nazim are also held by the DCO. Local government in the Palestinian National Authority -controlled areas are divided into three main groups: Municipal councils, village council and local development committees. The Local Government Code of 1991 provides for the three levels of Local Government Units or LGUs in the Philippines : (1) the province (2) city and municipality , and (3)
1537-559: The Soviet occupation and the development of country-wide resistance, local areas came increasingly under the control of mujaheddin groups that were largely independent of any higher authority; local commanders, in some instances, asserted a measure of independence also from the mujaheddin leadership in Pakistan, establishing their own systems of local government, collecting revenues, running educational and other facilities, and even engaging in local negotiations. Mujaheddin groups retained links with
1590-480: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 117050034 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 08:46:40 GMT Local authority List of forms of government Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of governance or public administration within
1643-770: The administrative divisions are under direct governance of the government through the Ministry of Home Affairs. There are four districts in Brunei: Brunei-Muara , Belait , Tutong and Temburong . The administrative level of mukim lies below the district. At present, there are 38 mukims, with 17 in Brunei-Muara, 8 in Tutong, 8 in Belait and 5 in Temburong District. A mukim is headed by a penghulu. A village (Malay: kampung or kampong)
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1696-552: The area under its jurisdiction. Gaunpalika (Rural Council) and Nagarpalika (Municipal council) are the local level divisions in Nepal . Which is ruled by third level of government after Federal and Provincial government. In Nepal there are total 753 local levels government (including 6 Metropolises , 11 Sub-metropolises , 276 Municipalities and 460 Gaunpalikas ). And there are total 6,743 wards are formed under these 753 local levels. These local government are ruled by local leaders and
1749-545: The capital district of Bamako , seven regions subdivided into 46 cercles, and 682 rural community districts (communes). The state retains an advisory role in administrative and fiscal matters, and it provides technical support, coordination, and legal recourse to these levels. Opportunities for direct political participation, and increased local responsibility for development have been improved. In August–September 1998, elections were held for urban council members, who subsequently elected their mayors. In May/June 1999, citizens of
1802-483: The cercles will be reinstituted (formerly grouping arrondissements) with a legal and financial basis of their own. Their councils will be chosen by and from members of the communal councils. The regions, at the highest decentralized level, will have a similar legal and financial autonomy, and will comprise a number of cercles within their geographical boundaries. Mali needs to build capacity at these levels, especially to mobilize and manage financial resources. Nigeria as
1855-524: The city council, the municipal council and the municipality. The city council is the highest level of local government. The municipal councils began in 2005 and is the second level of local government. The municipality is the third level of local government. There are 178 municipalities across the kingdom. The first began in Jeddah during the Othmanic period. Each municipality is run by its city's mayor. Collectively,
1908-445: The communes elected their communal council members for the first time. Female voter turnout was about 70% of the total, and observers considered the process open and transparent. With mayors, councils, and boards in place at the local level, newly elected officials, civil society organizations, decentralized technical services, private sector interests, other communes, and donor groups began partnering to further development. Eventually,
1961-469: The company have been approached several times by officials to be told to keep the noise down. In Autumn 2006, Muslim staff at the warehouse contacted local media and claimed they had been forced to resort to hiding and eating in the stock-storage aisles during Ramadan , as they were not granted allowance for breaking their fasts. Unions however counter-claimed this was in line with policy, legislation and business needs. Gordon Brown , then Chancellor of
2014-457: The extension to the distribution centre. This included a project to reroute the River Beal from the centre of the land, to follow a path around the perimeter of the proposed building instead. The new building, which includes packing, sorting and distribution facilities complete with a large trailer yard, opened in 1997 and was put into full use in 2001. At around the same time Littlewoods acquired
2067-569: The following subdivisions: The rayons are further divided into municipalities ( Bələdiyyə ). Bangladesh is divided into eight administrative divisions, each named after their respective divisional headquarters: Barisal , Chittagong , Dhaka , Khulna , Rajshahi , Sylhet , Rangpur and Mymensingh Division . Divisions are divided into zila . There are 64 zila in Bangladesh, each further divided into upazila or thana . The area within each police station, except for those in metropolitan areas,
2120-452: The individual considers himself to belong, whether a subtribe, village, valley, or neighborhood. Local governing authority relies upon these forms of identity and loyalty. Armenia is subdivided into eleven administrative divisions . Of these, ten are provinces, known as marzer ( մարզեր ) or in the singular form marz ( մարզ ) in Armenian . Azerbaijan is administratively divided into
2173-527: The kingdom's municipalities make up the Ministry of Municipality and Rural Affairs (MoMRA). The Republic of China government in Taiwan consists of special municipality governments, provincial city governments and county governments for their local governments. They also have councils in each of those three local government levels. Turkey has two levels of local government; provinces (Turkish: iller) and districts (Turkish: ilçeler). The territory of Turkey
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2226-596: The legislative branches of a city and municipality, respectively. A barangay is headed by the Barangay Captain and the Barangay Council . Barangays can be further divided into puroks and sitios but their leadership is unelected. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also provides for the existence of autonomous regions. The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) is the only autonomous region in
2279-452: The like—still exist and play a role in Afghan society. Karzai is relying on these traditional sources of authority in his challenge to the warlords and older Islamist leaders. The deep ethnic, linguistic, sectarian, tribal, racial, and regional cleavages present in the country create what is called "Qawm" identity, emphasizing the local over higher-order formations. Qawm refers to the group to which
2332-555: The local shuras. The process of setting up the transitional government in June 2002 by the Loya Jirga took many steps involving local government. First, at the district and municipal level, traditional shura councils met to pick electors—persons who cast ballots for Loya Jirga delegates. Each district or municipality had to choose a predetermined number of electors, based on the size of its population. The electors then traveled to regional centers and cast ballots, to choose from amongst themselves
2385-593: The merger of Business Express and Reality. In 2011, Home Delivery Network was rebranded as Yodel . Shaw NDC spanned 23 acres (9.3 ha), making it one of Europe 's largest warehouse distribution centres during its lifetime. After The Very Group relocated in 2021 to a new purpose-built facility in the East Midlands, four of the buildings on the site, including three cotton mills, have since been demolished to make way for future plans of housing. The remaining purpose-built delivery sortation facility - built in 1999 -
2438-447: The peak number of staff at the site was reported to be 1,250 people. Shaw NDC was the premier warehousing and returns facility for The Very Group, spanning 23 acres (93,000 m). It had between 850 and 1,500 employees. Around 60 per cent are women and 25 per cent are from ethnic minorities. Almost the entire workforce are members of the trade union USDAW . Shaw NDC stored over 1,000,000 sq ft (93,000 m) of products, and
2491-504: The responsibility of administration at that level. Nigeria has a total of 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). South Africa has a two-tiered local government system comprising local municipalities which fall into district municipalities, and metropolitan municipalities which span both tiers of local government. Afghanistan was traditionally divided into provinces governed by centrally appointed governors with considerable autonomy in local affairs. There are currently 34 provinces. During
2544-854: The second or third level of government. The institutions of local government vary greatly between countries, and even where similar arrangements exist, country-specific terminology often varies. Common designated names for different types of local government entities include counties , districts , cities , townships , towns , boroughs , parishes , municipalities , municipal corporations , shires , villages , and local government areas . The same term may be used in different countries to refer to local governance institutions with vastly different institutional features, powers, or functions. In addition to general-purpose local governments, some countries have special-purpose local governments ( special districts ), such as independent school districts , elected water boards , or local service districts . Although there
2597-413: The site has brought some criticism from local residents. New buildings - described as "windowless cubes" [2] - are largely considered eyesores, have been accused of interfering with television reception due to their size and metallic structure. The increased work at the site has brought more and more heavy goods vehicles, which now operate heavily during the night. Trailer shunters also operate at night and
2650-510: The skyline of Shaw and Crompton, and was the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham 's largest private employer. In 2006 it distributed around 18 million items to customers, and in 2007 processed more than 39 million customer orders. In early 2009 the peak number of staff at the site was reported to be 1,250 people. Shaw and Crompton developed as an important mill town , and the Shaw National Distribution Centre traces its origins to
2703-418: Was duly approved. Demolition took place in 1993. In reality the new building, which opened in 1997, although is technically 'one storey', it is almost as tall as its predecessor. The local authority and residents were displeased and have since revamped planning permission criteria for the area. Shaw NDC began a partnership with Dutch robotics company Vanderlande in 1984. [1] The continued development of
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#17328700007362756-547: Was previously occupied by delivery company Yodel until its closure in July 2024 as their Northern hub in the national network, alongside the Southern hub at Hatfield and Midlands hub at Wednesbury . Shaw National Distribution Centre opened for business as a warehousing and returns centre for Littlewoods in 1979. It occupied three converted former cotton mills and two purpose-built stock-handling and sortation facilities. It dominated
2809-654: Was the biggest private employer in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham . with staff employed either through Very themselves or through the Blue Arrow work agency. The site is a recognised by the British Quality Foundation as an "Investor in Excellence". Sodexo provided canteen services. 53°34′49″N 2°5′7″W / 53.58028°N 2.08528°W / 53.58028; -2.08528 Shaw and Crompton Too Many Requests If you report this error to
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