113-507: Shashi Kapoor ( pronounced [ʃəʃi kəpuːɾ] ; born Balbir Raj Kapoor ; 18 March 1938 – 4 December 2017) was an Indian actor and film producer who is best known for his works in Hindi films. A recipient of several accolades , including four National Film Awards and two Filmfare Awards , he also featured in a number of English -language international films, particularly films produced by Merchant Ivory . The Government of India honoured him with
226-584: A Pakistani woman, Zaara Hayaat Khan (Zinta) was highly appreciated by critics. Rama Sharma from The Tribune wrote: "Giving love its due, Chopra has understandably linked the script to the life of a common man. The pace is exacting. Drawing from the best of the two countries, the story is made more colorful by a spray of the Punjabi culture—be it celebrating Lohri in India or visiting a dargah in Pakistan . He has handled
339-895: A child artist in some highly successful films like Sangram (1950), Samadhi (1950) and Awaara (1951), Shashi Kapoor made his debut as a leading man in 1961 with Yash Chopra 's partition drama Dharmputra . This was followed by another release the same year in Char Diwari . Both Dharmputra and Char Diwari didn't do well at ticket counters. From 1962 to 1964, Kapoor saw two minor successes with - Bimal Roy 's Prem Patra (1962) and Kanak Mishra's Yeh Dil Kisko Doon (1963). He also made his English film debut in 1963 with James Ivory 's acclaimed family drama The Householder . The year 1965 changed his fortune as he starred in two highest grossing films of that year with Yash Chopra's masala film Waqt and Suraj Prakash's romantic musical Jab Jab Phool Khile . Waqt went on to become
452-528: A child artiste. His best-known performances as a child actor were in Aag (1948) and Awaara (1951), where he played the younger version of the characters played by his older brother Raj Kapoor , and in Sangram (1950), where he played the younger version of Ashok Kumar and Dana Paani (1953) where he acted with Bharat Bhushan . He worked in four Hindi films as a child artiste from 1948 to 1954. After appearing as
565-573: A core vocabulary of native Prakrit and Sanskrit-derived words. However, Hindi is written in the Devanagari script and contains more direct tatsama Sanskrit -derived words than Urdu, whereas Urdu is written in the Perso-Arabic script and uses more Arabic and Persian loanwords compared to Hindi. Because of this, as well as the fact that the two registers share an identical grammar, a consensus of linguists consider them to be two standardised forms of
678-472: A critical and commercial disaster at the box-office. He and critics consider it his worst film. Vijay (1988) was also a box-office failure. The film received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics and was dubbed a remake of Trishul . Chopra's lean phase ended in 1989 with the highly-successful romantic musical Chandni , a film with all the hallmarks of what has come to be known as the "Yash Chopra style": heroine-oriented, romantic, emotional, depicting
791-405: A critical and commercial success. It is acknowledged as a "found film" of the "lost-and-found" genre. Setting many other trends, it was one of Indian cinema 's first multi-starrers, a mode which became increasingly popular among the producers during the 1970s. It also began the now-obligatory style of depicting wealth and social class. Chopra received his first Filmfare Award for Best Director for
904-533: A decent living. This has become possible because of consistent efforts of Shashi Kapoor who would be present for special theme-based theatre festivals at the theatre. Kapoor was of particular note in the Kapoor clan. He has been the solo hero more times (61 films) and also as a lead protagonist in more Hindi films (116) than his nephews Rishi Kapoor , Randhir Kapoor and Rajiv and even more than his brothers Raj Kapoor, Shammi Kapoor , his grand-nephews and grand-nieces. He
1017-586: A larger amount are still used in Urdu poetry written in the Devanagari script. Many words borrowed from Persian in turn were loanwords from Arabic (e.g. muśkil "difficult", havā "air", x(a)yāl "thought", kitāb "book"). Hindi also makes extensive use of loan translation ( calqueing ) and occasionally phono-semantic matching of English . Many Hindustani words were derived from Portuguese due to interaction with colonists and missionaries: Yash Chopra Yash Raj Chopra (27 September 1932 – 21 October 2012)
1130-529: A literary language in the 19th century. Earliest examples could be found as Prēm Sāgar by Lallu Lal , Batiyāl Pachīsī of Sadal Misra, and Rānī Kētakī Kī Kahānī of Insha Allah Khan which were published in Devanagari script during the early 19th century. John Gilchrist was principally known for his study of the Hindustani language , which was adopted as the lingua franca of northern India (including what
1243-656: A lyricist, starting from this film. He also directed the duo in the action drama Kaala Patthar (1979), based on the Chasnala mining disaster . However, the film fared average at the box office. Chopra received nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Director for all of these films, except Silsila , winning for Deewaar , his fourth win in the category. The '80s marked a professional setback in Chopra's career, as several films he directed and produced in that period failed to leave
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#17328687398561356-483: A mark at the Indian box-office. His film Mashaal (1984) was his first collaboration with the legendary actor, Dilip Kumar . The action-oriented film, which was based on the well-known Marathi play titled Ashroonchi Zhali Phule , received critical acclaim, but fared only average at the box-office. A year later, he made Faasle , a romantic drama starring Sunil Dutt , Rekha , Rohan Kapoor and Farah , which proved to be
1469-506: A massive blockbuster at the box office, receiving praise for performances of the cast, Chopra's direction and cinematography. Today, it is widely regarded as an evergreen classic. The huge box office success of Waqt was followed by another blockbuster in Jab Jab Phool Khile which had Kapoor paired opposite Nanda . It too opened to highly positive response from critics, especially for its soundtrack composed by Kalyanji–Anandji , which
1582-523: A medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India and to secure its enrichment by assimilating without interfering with its genius, the forms, style and expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages. It
1695-509: A melodrama about illegitimacy, and followed it with the social drama Dharmputra (1961). Chopra rose to prominence after directing the critically and commercially successful family drama Waqt (1965), which pioneered the concept of ensemble casts in Bollywood. In 1970, he founded his own production company, Yash Raj Films, whose first production was Daag: A Poem of Love (1973), a successful melodrama about polygamy. His success continued in
1808-637: A notable exception and agreed to do the film due to their friendship, even though at the time Amitabh was not signing any new films. Despite having a lavish budget and a huge star cast, the film flopped miserably at the box office. Kapoor also won Special Jury Award for his performance in the 1993 film In Custody and played the Rajah in the TV miniseries Gulliver's Travels (1996). In 1998, he retired from acting after his final film appearances in Jinnah , Side Streets and
1921-531: A number of films together, most notably in Merchant Ivory productions. They had three children: Kunal Kapoor , Karan Kapoor and Sanjana Kapoor . Jennifer and Shashi established Prithvi Theatre on 5 November 1978 in Mumbai . Jennifer died of cancer in 1984 which shattered him. After losing her to cancer, Shashi Kapoor fell into a deep depression that he never recovered from. The English actress Felicity Kendal
2034-410: A part of the process of Sanskritisation , new words are coined using Sanskrit components to be used as replacements for supposedly foreign vocabulary. Usually these neologisms are calques of English words already adopted into spoken Hindi. Some terms such as dūrbhāṣ "telephone", literally "far-speech" and dūrdarśan "television", literally "far-sight" have even gained some currency in formal Hindi in
2147-535: A photography company. His grandson Zahan who is son of Kunal made his debut in Faraaz (2023). Kapoor was admitted to the Kokilaben Hospital , Versova, Mumbai , for what was speculated to be chest infection, and died on 4 December 2017. According to The Guardian , he was in hospital for treatment from long-standing liver and heart complications, and was always helping other patients. Officially, his cause of death
2260-505: A police officer torn between love for his brother and duty met with acclaim and won him Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor . His next release was Raj Khosla 's romantic drama Prem Kahani which also had Rajesh Khanna and Mumtaz in the lead. The film received good response from reviewers as well as the audience and proved to be a hit at the box office. Kapoor delivered another huge hit that year with Brij Sadanah 's action comedy Chori Mera Kaam opposite Zeenat Aman , followed by
2373-666: A reckless chieftain in Junoon , a businessman in Kalyug , a strict father in Vijeta and an honest journalist in New Delhi Times for which he won National Film Award for Best Actor . The last film to feature him was the much delayed Ghar Bazar which released in 1998. Shashi Kapoor was born as Balbir Raj Kapoor to Prithviraj Kapoor and his wife in Calcutta , British India, on 18 March 1938. He
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#17328687398562486-544: A second language. A Hindi proponent, Indian-born Paramananda Jha , was elected vice-president of Nepal. He took his oath of office in Hindi in July 2008. This created protests in the streets for 5 days; students burnt his effigies, and there was a general strike in 22 districts. Nepal Supreme Court ruled in 2009 that his oath in Hindi was invalid and he was kept "inactive" as vice-president. An "angry" Jha said, "I cannot be compelled to take
2599-500: A semi-hit film, Salaakhen alongside Sulakshana Pandit to go with the huge grossers. He began 1976 with Yash Chopra's romantic musical Kabhi Kabhie . It had a massive star cast comprising Waheeda Rehman , Bachchan, Rishi Kapoor , Rakhee and Neetu Singh . Despite its heavy theme, Kabhi Kabhie went on to become a superhit. It also had a chartbuster soundtrack composed by Khayyam with lyrics written by Sahir Ludhianvi . Rakesh Budhu of Planet Bollywood gave 9.5 stars out of 10 to
2712-521: A simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ). Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as "Hindi" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other nearby languages, such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which has an official status in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which
2825-529: A singing reality show Meri Awaaz Suno (1995–1997), a talk show Meri Pasand (1995–1996), and a telefilm Humko Ishq Ne Mara (1997). In 1997, Chopra directed, produced and co-wrote the musical romantic drama Dil To Pagal Hai , starring yet again Shahrukh Khan in a love quadrangle with Madhuri Dixit , Karisma Kapoor and Akshay Kumar . It was the first Bollywood film to be shot in Germany . The film became
2938-479: A special interview with actor Shahrukh Khan on the occasion of his 80th birthday, Chopra announced that Jab Tak Hai Jaan (2012) would be his last directorial venture and that he would opt to focus on his production company and his personal life. For the shoot of the last remaining song in Jab Tak Hai Jaan, director Yash Chopra wanted to shoot a scene with a sari-clad Katrina Kaif romancing Shahrukh Khan in
3051-569: A standardised form of Hindustani separate from Urdu took form. In 1881, Bihar accepted Hindi as its sole official language, replacing Urdu, and thus became the first state of India to adopt Hindi. However, in 2014, Urdu was accorded second official language status in the state. After independence, the Government of India instituted the following conventions: On 14 September 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted Hindi written in
3164-459: A widespread critical and commercial success, eventually emerging a major blockbuster. Today, it is considered one of the best films ever made in the history of Indian cinema and got featured in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die . One of Kapoor's dialogue "Mere paas maa hai" ("I have mother"), is widely known in India and has become part of Indian popular culture. His impactful portrayal of
3277-642: Is a standard register of the Hindustani language; additionally, Indian media are widely viewed in Pakistan. A sizeable population in Afghanistan , especially in Kabul , can also speak and understand Hindi-Urdu due to the popularity and influence of Bollywood films, songs and actors in the region. Hindi is also spoken by a large population of Madheshis (people having roots in north-India but having migrated to Nepal over hundreds of years) of Nepal . Apart from this, Hindi
3390-627: Is also a film director and producer and holds the position of chairman and managing director of Yash Raj Films, while Uday is an assistant director turned actor who made his acting debut in 2000 in his brother's directorial, Mohabbatein . Uday is currently the Director – Yash Raj Films, CEO – YRF Entertainment. On 13 October 2012, Chopra was diagnosed with dengue fever and was admitted to Lilavati Hospital in Bandra , Mumbai. On 21 October, Yash Chopra succumbed to death following multiple organ failure . He
3503-455: Is also known for acting and producing several highly acclaimed and award-winning movies belonging to the genre of Parallel cinema , such as Junoon (1979), Kalyug (1981), 36 Chowringhee Lane (1981), Vijeta (1982) and Utsav (1984). Kapoor's deep attachment and commitment to theatre which started in childhood remained almost untouched even when he was immobile due to age-related complications. After renovating Prithvi Theatre in
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3616-460: Is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, standard Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani, as both Hindi and Urdu share a core vocabulary base derived from Prakrit (a descendant of Sanskrit). Hindi is also spoken, to a lesser extent, in other parts of India (usually in
3729-409: Is an official language of Gujarat , along with Gujarati . It acts as an additional official language of West Bengal in blocks and sub-divisions with more than 10% of the population speaking Hindi. Similarly, Hindi is accorded the status of official language in the following Union Territories : Delhi , Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu . Although there
3842-542: Is based on the language that was spoken in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab ( Delhi , Meerut and Saharanpur ) called Khariboli ; the vernacular of Delhi and the surrounding region came to replace earlier prestige languages such as Awadhi and Braj . Standard Hindi was developed by supplanting foreign loanwords from the Hindustani language and replacing them with Sanskrit words, though Standard Hindi does continue to possess several Persian loanwords. Modern Hindi became
3955-623: Is borrowed from Sanskrit as tatsam borrowings, especially in technical and academic fields. The formal Hindi standard, from which much of the Persian, Arabic and English vocabulary has been replaced by neologisms compounding tatsam words, is called Śuddh Hindi (pure Hindi), and is viewed as a more prestigious dialect over other more colloquial forms of Hindi. Excessive use of tatsam words sometimes creates problems for native speakers. They may have Sanskrit consonant clusters which do not exist in Hindustani, causing difficulties in pronunciation. As
4068-455: Is commonly used to specifically refer the modern literary Hindi language, as opposed to colloquial and regional varieties that are also referred to as Hindi in a wider sense . Like other Indo-Aryan languages, Hindi is a direct descendant of an early form of Vedic Sanskrit , through Shauraseni Prakrit and Śauraseni Apabhraṃśa (from Sanskrit apabhraṃśa "corrupt"), which emerged in the 7th century CE. The sound changes that characterised
4181-813: Is his sister's husband, thus making him the uncle of Karan Johar and Ravi Chopra . Chopra was largely brought up in the Lahore house of his second brother, B. R. Chopra, then a film journalist. Chopra studied at Doaba College Jalandhar and originally sought to pursue a career in engineering. He later moved to Ludhiana , East Punjab (in India ) after the Partition of India . His passion for film-making led him to travel to Bombay , where he initially worked as an assistant director to I. S. Johar , and then for his director-producer brother, B. R. Chopra, while another brother, Dharam Chopra, worked as his cameraman. Chopra received his first directorial opportunity in 1959 with
4294-476: Is his sister-in-law. His eldest son Kunal is married to director Ramesh Sippy 's daughter. Kunal moved on to ad film direction and established his production house Adfilm-Valas. Shashi's daughter Sanjana , is a theatre personality and married to wildlife conservationist Valmik Thapar . They have a son named Hamir. Shashi's younger son Karan became successful in modeling and later settled down in London and runs
4407-518: Is mirror to a hand with bangles, What is Persian to a literate. The emergence of Modern Standard Hindi in the 19th century went along with the Sanskritisation of its vocabulary, leading to a marginalisation of Persian vocabulary in Hindi, which continued after Partition when the Indian government co-opted the policy of Sanskritisation. However, many Persian words (e.g. bas "enough", khud "self") have remained entrenched in Standard Hindi, and
4520-597: Is no specification of a national language in the constitution, it is a widely held belief that Hindi is the national language of India. This is often a source of friction and contentious debate. In 2010, the Gujarat High Court clarified that Hindi is not the national language of India because the constitution does not mention it as such. Outside Asia , the Awadhi language (an Eastern Hindi dialect) with influence from Bhojpuri , Bihari languages , Fijian and English
4633-513: Is now present-day Pakistan ) by British colonists and indigenous people. He compiled and authored An English-Hindustani Dictionary , A Grammar of the Hindoostanee Language , The Oriental Linguist , and many more. His lexicon of Hindustani was published in the Perso-Arabic script , Nāgarī script , and in Roman transliteration .In the late 19th century, a movement to further develop Hindi as
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4746-713: Is spoken by the large Indian diaspora which hails from, or has its origin from the "Hindi Belt" of India. A substantially large North Indian diaspora lives in countries like the United States of America , the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates , Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, South Africa, Fiji and Mauritius , where it is natively spoken at home and among their own Hindustani-speaking communities. Outside India, Hindi speakers are 8 million in Nepal ; 863,077 in
4859-459: Is spoken in Suriname , Trinidad and Tobago , and Guyana . Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world, after Mandarin, Spanish and English. If counted together with the mutually intelligible Urdu, it is the third most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English. According to reports of Ethnologue (2022, 25th edition) Hindi is the third most-spoken language in
4972-477: Is spoken in Fiji. It is an official language in Fiji as per the 1997 Constitution of Fiji, where it referred to it as "Hindustani"; however, in the 2013 Constitution of Fiji , it is simply called " Fiji Hindi " as the official language. It is spoken by 380,000 people in Fiji. Hindi is spoken as a first language by about 77,569 people in Nepal according to the 2011 Nepal census , and further by 1,225,950 people as
5085-471: Is the official language of India alongside English and the lingua franca of North India . Hindi is considered a Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas. It is an official language in nine states and three union territories and an additional official language in three other states. Hindi
5198-854: Is the dominant form of Hindi online. In an analysis of YouTube comments, Palakodety et al., identified that 52% of comments were in Romanised Hindi, 46% in English, and 1% in Devanagari Hindi. Traditionally, Hindi words are divided into five principal categories according to their etymology: Hindi has naturally inherited a large portion of its vocabulary from Shauraseni Prakrit , in the form of tadbhava words. This process usually involves compensatory lengthening of vowels preceding consonant clusters in Prakrit, e.g. Sanskrit tīkṣṇa > Prakrit tikkha > Hindi tīkhā . Much of Standard Hindi's vocabulary
5311-566: Is written in the Devanagari script, an abugida . Devanagari consists of 11 vowels and 33 consonants and is written from left to right. Unlike Sanskrit, Devanagari is not entirely phonetic for Hindi, especially failing to mark schwa deletion in spoken Standard Hindi. The Government of India uses Hunterian transliteration as its official system of writing Hindi in the Latin script. Various other systems also exist, such as IAST , ITRANS and ISO 15919 . Romanised Hindi , also called Hinglish ,
5424-497: The 31st Filmfare Awards . Post-1982, Kapoor's star power began to wane as he shifted his focus majorly towards parallel cinema and limited his work in mainstream films, accepting only few offers. After not seeing any success in 1983, the next year, he produced and starred in Girish Karnad 's critically acclaimed erotic drama Utsav . It was filmed in Hindi and English simultaneously, the post-production work of latter version
5537-603: The Government of India honoured him with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2001, and the Padma Bhushan in 2005. In 2006, British Academy of Film and Television Arts presented him with a lifetime membership, making him the first Indian to receive the honour. Chopra began his career as an assistant director to I. S. Johar and his elder brother, B.R. Chopra . He made his directorial debut with Dhool Ka Phool in 1959,
5650-575: The Hindi Belt ), as well as an official language of the Government of India, along with English. In Northeast India a pidgin known as Haflong Hindi has developed as a lingua franca for the people living in Haflong , Assam who speak other languages natively. In Arunachal Pradesh , Hindi emerged as a lingua franca among locals who speak over 50 dialects natively. Hindi is quite easy to understand for many Pakistanis , who speak Urdu, which, like Hindi,
5763-561: The Padma Bhushan in 2011, and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award , in 2014, for his contribution to Indian cinema. Born into the Kapoor family , he was the third and the youngest son of Prithviraj Kapoor . He began his career as a child actor in 1948 with his brother Raj Kapoor 's maiden directorial Aag , and had his first role as an adult in the year 1961 with Yash Chopra 's political drama Dharmputra . He established himself in 1965 with two blockbusters - Waqt and Jab Jab Phool Khile . This
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#17328687398565876-765: The United States of America ; 450,170 in Mauritius; 380,000 in Fiji; 250,292 in South Africa; 150,000 in Suriname; 100,000 in Uganda ; 45,800 in the United Kingdom; 20,000 in New Zealand ; 20,000 in Germany ; 26,000 in Trinidad and Tobago; 3,000 in Singapore . Linguistically , Hindi and Urdu are two registers of the same language and are mutually intelligible. Both Hindi and Urdu share
5989-719: The epic historical drama Kranti . It went on to become the biggest patriotic hit of all time, topping the box office chart in 1981 and emerging an All Time Blockbuster . That same year, he saw a moderate success in Maan Gaye Ustaad and received acclaim for his performances in Yash Chopra's romantic drama Silsila and Shyam Benegal's crime drama Kalyug (which he also produced). Kapoor had five releases in 1982. He found no success in Vakil Babu and Sawaal . However, Bapu 's crime drama film Bezubaan opposite Reena Roy
6102-612: The 50th birthday of Beohar Rajendra Simha on 14 September 1949, the efforts came to fruition following the adoption of Hindi as the official language. Now, it is celebrated as Hindi Day . Part XVII of the Indian Constitution deals with the official language of the Indian Union. Under Article 343, the official languages of the Union have been prescribed, which includes Hindi in Devanagari script and English: (1) The official language of
6215-623: The Devanagari script as the official language of the Republic of India replacing the previous usage of Hindustani in the Perso-Arabic script in the British Indian Empire . To this end, several stalwarts rallied and lobbied pan-India in favour of Hindi, most notably Beohar Rajendra Simha along with Hazari Prasad Dwivedi , Kaka Kalelkar , Maithili Sharan Gupt and Seth Govind Das who even debated in Parliament on this issue. As such, on
6328-402: The Hindi heartland. Persian borrowings reached a heyday in the 17th century, pervading all aspects of life. Even grammatical constructs, namely the izafat , were assimilated into Hindi. The status of Persian language then and thus its influence, is also visible in Hindi proverbs : हाथ कंगन को आरसी क्या, पढ़े लिखे को फ़ारसी क्या। Hāth kaṅgan ko ārsī kyā, Paṛhe likhe ko Fārsī kyā. What
6441-563: The Hindu/Indian people') was often used in the past, for example by Amir Khusrau in his poetry. The terms Hindi and Hindu trace back to Old Persian which derived these names from the Sanskrit name Sindhu ( सिन्धु ), referring to the Indus River . The Greek cognates of the same terms are Indus (for the river) and India (for the land of the river). The term Modern Standard Hindi
6554-530: The Official Languages Act of 1963, which provided for the continued use of English indefinitely for all official purposes, although the constitutional directive for the Union Government to encourage the spread of Hindi was retained and has strongly influenced its policies. Article 344 (2b) stipulates that the official language commission shall be constituted every ten years to recommend steps for
6667-542: The President may, during the said period, by order authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition to the English language and of the Devanagari form of numerals in addition to the international form of Indian numerals for any of the official purposes of the Union. Article 351 of the Indian constitution states: It shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language, to develop it so that it may serve as
6780-460: The Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals. (2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (1), for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement: Provided that
6893-410: The album stating, " Kabhi Kabhie will remain an ode to brilliant melody". For his performance in the film, Kapoor received a nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor category. After the huge success of Kabhi Kabhie , he reunited with the team of Chor Machaye Shor and delivered another blockbuster in Fakira , which was also remade in Telugu as Dongalaku Donga (1977). This
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#17328687398567006-437: The all-time best directors in Bollywood industry. Chopra was born on 27 September 1932 in Lahore , Punjab Province , British India into a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family. His father was an accountant in the PWD division of the British Punjab administration. He was the youngest of eight children, the oldest of whom was almost 30 years his senior. The eminent film-maker B. R. Chopra is one of his brothers, and Yash Johar
7119-653: The best-selling Bollywood albums of the decade. The song "Le Jayenge, Le Jayenge Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge" from Chor Machaye Shor was so popular that it went on to inspire the title of Shah Rukh Khan starrer Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge . 1975 proved to be another iconic year for Kapoor as he formed a hit pair with megastar Amitabh Bachchan and together both of them gave many successful and iconic films to Hindi cinema . His first release Anari underperformed commercially, but his second release, Deewaar directed by Yash Chopra, written by Salim-Javed and co-starring Bachchan, Parveen Babi , Neetu Singh , proved to be
7232-426: The epic love saga Veer-Zaara . Starring Shahrukh Khan again, Preity Zinta and Rani Mukerji in lead roles, the film was the biggest hit of 2004 in both domestic and overseas markets, with a worldwide gross of over ₹ 940 million and was screened at the Berlin Film Festival to high critical appreciation. The film which narrated the star-crossed love story of an Indian air-force officer Veer Pratap Singh (Khan) and
7345-490: The extraordinary portrayal of an honest journalist in Ramesh Sharma's highly acclaimed political thriller New Delhi Times . His another major release of the year was Shibu Mitra's multi-starrer actioner Ilzaam co-starring Shatrughan Sinha , Govinda , Neelam and Anita Raj . The film proved to be a huge hit and also one of the top grossers of the year. In 1987, he reunited with Govinda and Neelam for K. Ravi Shankar 's actioner Sindoor which also had Jaya Prada in
7458-429: The film. In 1969, Chopra directed two films produced by his brother. The first was Aadmi Aur Insaan , which featured Dharmendra and Saira Banu in the lead roles. He directed Ittefaq (1969), a mystery thriller film based on a Gujarati play, depicting the events of a single night, with Rajesh Khanna and Nanda in the lead roles. Shot in a month and on a low budget, the film was deemed unusual by critics. It
7571-586: The following year, he delivered a superhit in Kanyadaan opposite Asha Parekh , followed by a hit film Haseena Maan Jayegi co-starring Babita . The soundtrack of Kanyadaan composed by Shankar-Jaikishan was also very successful with a chartbuster Mohammed Rafi solo - "Likhe Jo Khat Tujhe" topping the musical charts. From 1969 to 1973, Kapoor had only two hits, Samir Ganguly 's romantic thriller Sharmeelee (1971) opposite Rakhee Gulzar and Manmohan Desai 's romantic drama Aa Gale Lag Jaa (1973) co-starring Sharmila Tagore . The year 1974 changed
7684-438: The highest grosser for the year and won several awards, including 8 Filmfare Awards (including an eleventh nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Director for Chopra) and 3 National Film Awards , including the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . Chopra then took a sabbatical from directing and focused solely on producing films for over 7 years. In 2004, he returned to direction with
7797-436: The last 125 years, there are no academic studies of any of them – of their use in South Africa, their evolution and current decline. Hindi is adopted as the third official court language in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi . As a result of this status, the Indian workforce in UAE can file their complaints to the labour courts in the country in their own mother-tongue. Hindi is the lingua franca of northern India (which contains
7910-498: The late 1960s to early 1970s as very few of his films emerged successful during this period. In 1966, he starred alongside Kishore Kumar , Mehmood , Kalpana Mohan , Rajasree and Mumtaz in C. V. Sridhar 's romantic comedy Pyar Kiye Jaa . Pyar Kiye Jaa proved to be a hit, but his other release Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare again opposite Nanda did only average business at the box office. After seeing two more moderate successes in 1967 with Dil Ne Pukara and Aamne Samne ,
8023-459: The late-'70s and '80s, establishing Bachchan as the "angry young man". Chopra produced, directed and scripted two more films starring the duo. Unlike his earlier action-oriented films, these were musical romantic dramas: Kabhi Kabhie (1976), co-starring Waheeda Rehman , Raakhee , Rishi Kapoor and Neetu Singh , followed by Silsila (1981), co-starring Jaya Bachchan , Rekha and Sanjeev Kumar . Chopra suggested Javed Akhtar to become
8136-509: The lead. Junoon met with acclaim, winning Kapoor National Award for Best Feature Film (Hindi) as well as Filmfare Award for Best Film . In 1980, Kapoor delivered a hit with Swayamvar , but his other releases, such as Do Aur Do Paanch and Neeyat failed to leave a mark while Ramesh Sippy 's mega-budget action crime film Shaan ended up as an average grosser. The following year, he co-starred alongside Dilip Kumar , Manoj Kumar, Hema Malini, Shatrughan Sinha and Parveen Babi in
8249-663: The lead. He also did a guest appearance in Gulzar 's romantic musical Ijaazat . Although Ijaazat was a commercial failure, it won massive critical acclaim. On the other hand, Sindoor emerged a hit and also proved to be Kapoor's last box office success. In 1988, he acted with Pierce Brosnan in The Deceivers . He also collaborated with Sudesh Issar and Manoj Kumar in 1989 for Akhri Muqabla and Clerk , respectively. Shashi Kapoor requested Amitabh Bachchan to star in his ambitious directorial debut film Ajooba (1991). Bachchan made
8362-415: The lifestyle of the elite, with melodious music used in songs picturized in foreign locations. It marked the first collaboration between Chopra and Sridevi . The huge success of its soundtrack was instrumental in ending the era of violence in Bollywood films and bringing back music into Hindi films. After a string of critically and commercially films, the success of Chandni consolidated Sridevi's position as
8475-902: The lush meadows of the Swiss Alps . But his illness, caused by a bout of dengue , stymied the plan for the song, which would have reflected his trademark directorial style. Chopra was known to often cast the same actors in his films, his most famous collaborations being with Amitabh Bachchan , Sanjeev Kumar , Madan Puri , Amrish Puri , Prem Chopra , Nirupa Roy , Aruna Irani , Bindu , Manmohan Krishna , Poonam Dhillon , Parikshit Sahni , Shashi Kapoor , Rishi Kapoor , Neetu Singh , Raakhee , Rajesh Khanna , Sunil Dutt , Anil Kapoor , Waheeda Rehman , Hema Malini , Anupam Kher , Iftekhar , Achala Sachdev , Vikas Anand and more recently, Shahrukh Khan . In 1970, Chopra married Pamela Singh and together they have two sons Aditya Chopra and Uday Chopra , born in 1971 and 1973, respectively. Aditya Chopra
8588-695: The much delayed Ghar Bazar . He was seen in the limelight at the Shashi Kapoor Film Festival held in Muscat , Oman (September 2007). At the 55th Annual Filmfare Awards in 2010, Shashi Kapoor received the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award . Kapoor attended Don Bosco High School in Matunga , Mumbai . He met English actress Jennifer Kendal in Calcutta in 1956 while both were working for their respective theatre groups. Shashi
8701-412: The musical psychological thriller Darr (1993), the first of his collaborations with Shahrukh Khan . Chopra directed three more romantic films, all starring Khan; Dil To Pagal Hai (1997), Veer-Zaara (2004) and Jab Tak Hai Jaan (2012), before announcing his retirement from direction in 2012. He died of dengue fever during Jab Tak Hai Jaan ' s production in 2012. He is considered one of
8814-641: The oath now in Nepali. I might rather take it in English." Hindi is a protected language in South Africa . According to the Constitution of South Africa , the Pan South African Language Board must promote and ensure respect for Hindi along with other languages. According to a doctoral dissertation by Rajend Mesthrie in 1985, although Hindi and other Indian languages have existed in South Africa for
8927-569: The official language of the imperial court during the reign of Shah Jahan . It is recorded that Emperor Aurangzeb spoke in Hindvi . The Hindustani vernacular became an expression of Indian national unity during the Indian Independence movement , and continues to be spoken as the common language of the people of the northern Indian subcontinent, which is reflected in the Hindustani vocabulary of Bollywood films and songs. Standard Hindi
9040-483: The place of the English borrowings (ṭeli)fon and ṭīvī . Hindi also features significant Persian influence, standardised from spoken Hindustani . Early borrowings, beginning in the mid-12th century, were specific to Islam (e.g. Muhammad , Islām ) and so Persian was simply an intermediary for Arabic. Later, under the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire , Persian became the primary administrative language in
9153-522: The progressive use of Hindi language and impose restrictions on the use of the English language by the union government. In practice, the official language commissions are constantly endeavouring to promote Hindi but not imposing restrictions on English in official use by the union government. At the state level, Hindi is the official language of the following Indian states: Bihar , Chhattisgarh , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh , Jharkhand , Madhya Pradesh , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand . Hindi
9266-451: The romantic musical Chandni (1989), which became instrumental in ending the era of violent films in Bollywood and rejuvenating the romantic musical genre, and the intergenerational musical romantic drama Lamhe (1991), considered by critics and Chopra himself to be his best work, but underperformed at the domestic box-office, although bringing major profits overseas. After helming the critically-panned Parampara (1993), Chopra directed
9379-411: The same fate, with the exceptions being Prayag Raj's Chor Sipahee and Raj Tilak's Mukti . This changed in 1978 as he delivered a string of successes with Phaansi , Satyam Shivam Sundaram , Trishul , Trishna , Amar Shakti and Aahuti . Kapoor also set up his own production house, Film-Valas, the same year. In 1979, he reunited with Bachchan for two big-budget actioners, The first one
9492-495: The same language, Hindustani or Hindi-Urdu. Hindi is the most commonly used scheduled language in India and is one of the two official languages of the union , the other being English. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan and is one of 22 scheduled languages of India , also having official status in Uttar Pradesh , Jammu and Kashmir , Delhi , Telangana , Andhra Pradesh and Bihar . Hindi
9605-465: The script cleverly. Whenever the pace begins to slacken, he introduces a new character and a twist." Veer-Zaara won 4 Filmfare Awards , including the Filmfare Award for Best Film, and earned Chopra a record-setting twelfth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Director. The film also won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . In September 2012, in
9718-403: The seventies, with some of Indian cinema's most successful and iconic films, including the action-thriller Deewaar (1975), which established Amitabh Bachchan as a leading actor in Bollywood; the ensemble musical romantic drama Kabhi Kabhie (1976) and the ensemble family drama Trishul (1978). Chopra collaborated with Sridevi in two of what has been considered to be his finest films;
9831-471: The social drama Dhool Ka Phool , produced by his elder brother B.R. Chopra and starring Mala Sinha , Rajendra Kumar and Nanda . The film revolved around a Muslim bringing up an "illegitimate" Hindu child. The film was well received by critics and became the fourth highest-grossing film of the year. Encouraged by their success, the Chopras made another hard-hitting social drama, Dharmputra (1961). It
9944-669: The top female Bollywood star of the era. Though it was not the first time Chopra shot a film in Switzerland , the extensive scenes shot there made it a popular tourist destination for Indians. The film won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment for 1989, in addition to earning Chopra his eighth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Director. He followed it with Lamhe (1991), an intergenerational musical romantic drama starring frequent collaborators Sridevi and Anil Kapoor . The film received widespread critical acclaim, had exceptional music, and
10057-430: The trajectory of Kapoor's career and marked his comeback. It started with Ashok Roy's action comedy Chor Machaye Shor which also had Mumtaz , Asrani and Danny Denzongpa in the lead. Chor Machaye Shor proved to be a blockbuster in India as well as overseas, putting a line of producers outside Kapoor's house and making him top five to six saleable stars of the time. The huge box office success of Chor Machaye Shor
10170-471: The transition from Middle Indo-Aryan to Hindi are: During the period of Delhi Sultanate in medieval India , which covered most of today's north India, eastern Pakistan, southern Nepal and Bangladesh and which resulted in the contact of Hindu and Muslim cultures , the Sanskrit and Prakrit base of Old Hindi became enriched with loanwords from Persian , evolving into the present form of Hindustani. Hindi achieved prominence in India after it became
10283-586: The western part of Mumbai, he was able to successfully create an environment congenial for creative pursuits. The lanes that reach Prithvi Theatre especially in the 1980s were not just routes to the theatre. They were a testimony to principles such as clarity of purpose, commitment to nonconformity and alacrity and utmost willingness to be part of creative process which would have enduring value and which would be incorruptible by market forces. Till date, Prithvi Theatre oozes out an infectious creative energy which can compel people to become dedicated theatre artists and earn
10396-668: The world including first and second language speakers. Hindi is the fastest growing language of India , followed by Kashmiri , Meitei , Gujarati and Bengali according to the 2011 census of India . The term Hindī originally was used to refer to inhabitants of the Indo-Gangetic Plain . It was borrowed from Classical Persian هندی Hindī ( Iranian Persian pronunciation: Hendi ), meaning ' of or belonging to Hind (India) ' (hence, ' Indian ' ). Another name Hindavī ( हिन्दवी ) or Hinduī ( हिन्दुई ) (from Persian هندوی 'of or belonging to
10509-460: Was 80 years of age. The Chautha ceremony for Yash Chopra was held on 25 October 2012 at Yash Raj Films studio. Yash Chopra's final rites took place at Pawan Hans crematorium on 22 October 2012. The Yash Chopra Memorial Award ceremonies were instituted by the TSR Foundation of T. Subbarami Reddy , which carries Rs 10.00 lakhs cash and citation. These awards ceremonies started in 2013, on
10622-643: Was Yash Chopra's Kaala Patthar and the second was Manmohan Desai's Suhaag . Kaala Patthar written by Salim-Javed went on to become a hit. One song from the film, "Ek Raasta Hai Zindagi" sung by Kishore Kumar and filmed on Kapoor remains highly popular till date. Suhaag , on the other hand, was a blockbuster as well as the highest grossing film of 1979. That same year, he produced and starred in Shyam Benegal 's art-house film Junoon which also had Nafisa Ali , Shabana Azmi , Jennifer Kendal and Naseeruddin Shah in
10735-408: Was a box office hit and Prakash Mehra 's masala film Namak Halaal co-starring Bachchan, Smita Patil and Parveen Babi went on to become a blockbuster. His other notable release that year was Govind Nihalani 's coming-of-age film Vijeta , which had his son Kunal Kapoor in his acting debut. The film didn't performed well commercially, but was a major critical success and won three awards at
10848-399: Was a major critical and commercial success and Chopra won his third Filmfare Award for Best Director for the film. He directed a number of cult classics starring Shashi Kapoor and Amitabh Bachchan , and scripted by Salim–Javed , notably Deewaar (1975) and Trishul (1978), which were major critical and commercial successes and remain popular even today. These films set the trend for
10961-445: Was a runaway success and is now considered a cult classic. Darr emerged as one of the highest-grossing Hindi films of 1993. It also established Khan as a bankable star and earned Chopra the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment , in addition to his tenth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Director. In 1995, Chopra launched the television production house Metavision . This company produced
11074-531: Was also inducted into the Bollywood Walk of Fame at Bandra Bandstand , where his hand print was preserved. In 2022, he was placed in Outlook India ' s "75 Best Bollywood Actors" list. Hindi Modern Standard Hindi ( आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी , Ādhunik Mānak Hindī ), commonly referred to as Hindi , is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in Devanagari script . It
11187-434: Was an Indian film director and film producer who worked in Hindi cinema . The founding chairman of the film production and distribution company Yash Raj Films , Chopra was the recipient of several awards, including 6 National Film Awards and 8 Filmfare Awards . He is considered among the best Hindi filmmakers, particularly known and admired for his romantic films with strong female leads. For his contributions to film,
11300-433: Was attributed to liver cirrhosis . His body was cremated. Kapoor and actress Sridevi , who died in 2018, were the only two Indians honored posthumously in memoriam at the 90th Academy Awards . In 2011, the Government of India honored him with the Padma Bhushan for his contributions to Indian cinema . Kapoor is regarded as one of the greatest actors of Indian cinema. Apart from his work in mainstream Hindi films, he
11413-480: Was both assistant stage manager as well as an actor for his father's theatre group, Prithvi Theatre . Geoffrey Kendal 's Shakespearean group was also present at the same time in Calcutta and Jennifer was Geoffrey's daughter. After their subsequent meeting, the couple fell in love and after facing initial opposition from the Kendals and support from sister-in-law Geeta Bali , they got married in July 1958. They acted in
11526-543: Was done in London. He also played a supporting role in K. Bapayya 's superhit drama film Ghar Ek Mandir . In 1985, he appeared in Babbar Subhash 's Aandhi-Toofan and Shakti Samanta 's Alag Alag . While Aandhi-Toofan emerged a success, Alag Alag flopped at the box office. 1986 proved to be a notable year for Kapoor as he won his first National Award for Best Actor and second BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi) for
11639-555: Was envisioned that Hindi would become the sole working language of the Union Government by 1965 (per directives in Article 344 (2) and Article 351), with state governments being free to function in the language of their own choice. However, widespread resistance to the imposition of Hindi on non-native speakers, especially in South India (such as those in Tamil Nadu ) led to the passage of
11752-452: Was featured in Outlook magazine's list of All-Time Great Indian films. It has been cited by Chopra as his personal favourite of his films. In 1992, Chopra directed Parampara . Despite an all-star cast of Ramya Krishnan , Aamir Khan , Raveena Tandon , Sunil Dutt , Anupam Kher , Vinod Khanna , Ashwini Bhave and Saif Ali Khan (in his film debut), the film was a commercial failure and
11865-410: Was followed by Manoj Kumar 's social drama Roti Kapada Aur Makaan . Roti Kapada Aur Makaan went on to become an All Time Blockbuster and is regarded as one of the most influential movies of its time. Roti Kapada Aur Makaan and Chor Machaye Shor took 1st and 2nd spot, respectively at the box office in 1974. Apart from commercial success, both the films had highly successful music and were two of
11978-556: Was followed by a period of lukewarm success, with Kanyadaan , Sharmeelee and Aa Gale Lag Jaa being the major exceptions. He made a notable comeback in 1974 with Chor Machaye Shor . With its success, Kapoor became the top five to six saleable stars of the time and starred in top grossing Hindi films since the early 1970s to 1980s, such as - Roti Kapada Aur Makaan , Deewaar , Chori Mera Kaam , Kabhi Kabhie , Fakira , Trishul , Suhaag , Kranti and Namak Halaal . He received critical acclaim for his portrayal of
12091-539: Was followed by two more successes in Shibu Mitra 's Shankar Dada and Mohan Kumar 's Aap Beati . In 1977, Kapoor reunited with Bachchan for Desh Mukherjee's highly anticipated actioner Immaan Dharam , which took a bumper opening, but collections dropped afterwards due to poor reception and it ended up as a flop venture by the conclusion of its run. His most of the other releases that year, such as Hira Aur Patthar , Farishta Ya Qatil , Chakkar Pe Chakkar met
12204-511: Was one of the biggest Bollywood hits in the overseas market; however, it was a moderate box-office success in India due to its controversial storyline. The film won five Filmfare Awards , including the Filmfare Award for Best Film , and earned Chopra his ninth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Director. Over the years, Lamhe has been hailed as a cult classic; it is regarded as a modern masterpiece and possibly his finest film to date. It
12317-475: Was one of the first Hindi films which did not have any songs or an interval. It was eventually declared a semi-hit at the box-office and won Chopra his second Filmfare Award for Best Director. In 1970, Chopra founded the independent Yash Raj Films , terminating his creative collaboration with his brother. His first independently-produced film, Daag: A Poem of Love (1973), a melodrama about polygamy, starring Rajesh Khanna , Sharmila Tagore and Raakhee
12430-526: Was one of the first films to depict the Partition of India and Hindu fundamentalism. The film marked the debut of Shashi Kapoor in a fully fledged role and was awarded with the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi . Chopra's collaboration with his brother continued in the form of the 1965 film Waqt , which featured an ensemble cast including Sunil Dutt , Raaj Kumar , Shashi Kapoor , Sadhana , Balraj Sahni , Madan Puri , Sharmila Tagore , Achala Sachdev and Rehman . The film became
12543-430: Was panned by critics for its weak storyline and soundtrack, although Chopra's direction was commended. In 1993, Chopra directed the newcomer Shahrukh Khan along with Juhi Chawla and Sunny Deol in the musical psychological thriller Darr . The film depicted the story of an obsessed lover (Khan) and the lengths to which he goes to pursue a woman (Chawla) who is already happily engaged to another man (Deol). The film
12656-517: Was the fourth best-selling Hindi film album of the 1960s with a number of melodious songs, like "Ye Samaa Samaa Hai Pyar Ka", "Affoo Khudaya", "Ek Tha Gul Aur Ek Thi Bulbul", "Na Na Karte Pyar Tumhin Se", "Pardesiyon Se Na Ankhiyan Milana". Jab Jab Phool Khile made Kapoor a star and won him that year's BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi) for his moving performance of an innocent boatman in the film. Inspite of establishing himself, Kapoor's career fluctuated from
12769-409: Was the youngest brother of Raj Kapoor and Shammi Kapoor . Actor Trilok Kapoor was his paternal uncle. Kapoor acted in plays, directed and produced by his father Prithviraj Kapoor , while travelling with Prithvi Theatres . He started acting in films as a child in the late 1940s under the name of Shashiraj, as there was already another actor by the same name who used to act in mythological films as
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