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72-522: Shan shui painting first began to develop in the 5th century, in the Liu Song dynasty . It was later characterized by a group of landscape painters such as Zhang Zeduan , most of them already famous, who produced large-scale landscape paintings. These landscape paintings usually centered on mountains. Mountains had long been seen as sacred places in China, which were viewed as the homes of immortals and thus, close to

144-483: A cartoon series Music Up in 2001, and although 66% of its profits came from selling related merchandise, it lagged far behind foreign animations. The year 2007 saw the debut of the popular Chinese Series, The Legend of Qin . It boasted impressive 3d graphics and an immersive storyline. Its third season was released on 23 June 2010. Its fourth season is under production. One of the most popular manhua in Hong Kong

216-415: A formal announcement regarding the prohibition of violent, vulgar, and bloody content in children's TV shows. The National Radio and Television Administration issued a statement emphasizing the importance of broadcasting content that is wholesome, and progressive, and promotes values of truth, goodness, and beauty within the realm of cartoons. This over censorship of media is a concern for criticism. There

288-724: A later dynasty of the same name, the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE, ruled by the House of Zhao ). Although the Liu Song has also at times been referred to as the "Southern Song", the name is now mainly used to refer to the Song dynasty after 1127 CE. The Liu Song was a time when there was much internal turmoil. A number of emperors were incompetent and/or tyrannical, which at least partially led to many military revolts. These rulers include Liu Shao , Emperor Xiaowu , Liu Ziye , Emperor Ming , and Liu Yu . Emperor Ming

360-462: A painter would mix Yellow and Red. Negative interactions between the Elements are: Elements that interact negatively should never be used together. For example, Fire will not interact positively with Water or Metal so a painter would not choose to mix red and blue, or red and white. A certain movement in poetry , influenced by the shan shui style, came to be known as Shanshui poetry . Sometimes,

432-502: A population of 1.3 billion in just mainland China alone. Most importantly it provides greater freedom of expression on top of potential advertising. In the 1920s, the pioneering Wan brothers believed that animations should emphasize on a development style that was uniquely Chinese. This rigid philosophy stayed with the industry for decades. Animations were essentially an extension of other facets of Chinese arts and culture , drawing more contents from ancient folklores and manhua . There

504-411: A relatively open television and film market, where Japanese and American animation powerhouses found a receptive audience among Chinese moviegoers. As government-backed funding dried up and investors flocked to more profitable businesses, animation outsourcing started to take off in China, where cartoon factories sprung up, churning out frames for TV series and movies owned by foreign clients from Japan and

576-507: A restoration of the Han dynasty , despite being demonstrably related to the Han imperial family. Liu died in 422 CE, and was succeeded by the incompetent Shaodi, who was quickly removed. His eventual successor would be his third son, Wendi. Under Emperor Wen, the Liu Song economy prospered during the rule of Yuanjia (Chinese: 元嘉之治 ), a period noted for its prosperity in the 400 years of conflict between

648-457: A reviving industry coming together with advanced computer technology and low cost labor. The second type are "webtoons", produced by corporations or sometimes just individuals. These contents are generally flash animations ranging anywhere from amateurish to high quality, hosted publicly on various websites. While the global community has always gauged industry success by box office sales. This format cannot be denied when measured in hits among

720-475: A show time of 60,000 minutes to domestically-produced animations and comic works. However, statistics show that domestic animators can only provide enough work for 20,000 minutes, leaving a gap of 40,000 minutes that can only be filled by foreign programs. Though insiders are allegedly criticizing domestic cartoons for its emphasis on education over entertainment. SARFT also have a history of taking protectionism actions such as banning foreign programming, such as

792-647: Is colloquial for Chinese animation and refers specifically to animation produced in China. The history of animated moving pictures in China began in 1918 when an animation piece from the United States titled Out of the Inkwell landed in Shanghai. Cartoon clips were first used in advertisements for domestic products. Though the animation industry did not begin until the arrival of the Wan brothers in 1926. The Wan brothers produced

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864-528: Is a close relationship between Chinese literature works and classic Chinese animation. A significant number of classical Chinese animation films were inspired and prototyped by ancient Chinese literature. An example of a traditional Chinese animation character would be Monkey King , a character transitioned from the classic literature Journey to the West to the 1964 animation Havoc in Heaven . Also drawing on tradition

936-431: Is an object for the viewer's mind. Shan shui painting is more like a vehicle of philosophy. Shan shui paintings involve a complicated and rigorous set of almost mystical requirements for balance, composition, and form. All shan shui paintings should have 3 basic components: Paths – Pathways should never be straight. They should meander like a stream. This helps deepen the landscape by adding layers. The path can be

1008-566: Is known as the Reign of Yuanjia (425–453) and one of the relative golden ages for the Southern Dynasties . Although he was a descendant of Emperor Gaozu of Han 's younger brother Liu Jiao, he was still born into poverty. He joined the army at a young age, quickly distinguished himself in the army and was quickly promoted to the command of an army, the Beifu corps. Liu Yu was instrumental in fighting

1080-684: Is little discussion of Chinese animation in English. Daisy Yan Du's PhD dissertation, On the Move: The Trans/national Animated Film in 1940s–1970s China (University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2012), is by far the most systematic analysis of early Chinese animation before 1980. Weihua Wu's PhD dissertation, Animation in Postsocialist China: Visual Narrative, Modernity, and Digital Culture (City University of Hong Kong, 2006), discusses contemporary Chinese animation in

1152-543: The Xiao Xiao character for their own flash work in sites like Newgrounds . On 24 April 2006, Flashlands.com was launched, hosting a variety of high quality flash animations from mainland China. The site is designed to be one of the first cross-cultural site allowing English speakers easy access to domestic productions. Though the success of the site has yet to be determined. In October 2006, 3G.NET.CN paid 3 million RMB (about US$ 380,000) to produce A Chinese odyssey ,

1224-602: The 1990s, especially flash animations, are trying to break away from the tradition. GoGo Top magazine, the first weekly Chinese animation magazine, conducted a survey and proved that only 1 out of 20 favorite characters among children was actually created domestically in China. The demographics of the Chinese consumer market show an audience where 11% are under the age of 13, 59% between 14 and 17, and 30% over 18 years of age. Potentially 500 million people could be identified as cartoon consumers. China has 370 million children, one of

1296-454: The Han and Tang dynasties. However, the emperor's martial abilities were not equal to his father, and his inability to crush the remaining barbarian states allowed Northern Wei to complete the unification of the North, to the detriment of Liu Song. Afterwards, Northern Wei would remain a grave and permanent threat to the Liu Song. Emperor Wen continued the campaigns of his father; nevertheless, he

1368-699: The Jin. By spring of 410, he had captured the southern Yan capital at Guanggu, ending Southern Yan. Afterwards, he campaigned against western Shu in modern Sichuan. Using a brilliant military manoeuver mentioned in the Art of War, Liu Yu instructed his generals to attack the capital of Shu by the Min River rather than the short route by the Fu river. Surprising the Shu forces, he quickly captured Chengdu and re-annexed that area back into Jin. Following

1440-543: The Liu Song dynasty. The name of the dynasty was taken from Liu's fief, which occupied roughly the same territory as the Spring & Autumn era State of Song . The Book of Song does not mention whether the Liu family had any blood relationship to the ancient state's ruling House of Zi , or by extension to the Shang dynasty . It is in any case noteworthy that Liu did not frame his new regime as

1512-468: The North in 439 CE, to the detriment of the Chinese. Towards the later part of his reign, Emperor Wen was less than able. He wrongfully executed the general Tan Daoji , who had hitherto commanded the Song armies, and took charge himself. The empire's decline was shown in 450 CE, where the emperor attempted to destroy the Northern Wei himself, and launched a massive invasion. Although initially successful,

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1584-603: The Northern Wei were married to southern Han Chinese men from the imperial families and aristocrats from southern China of the Southern dynasties who defected and moved north to join the Northern Wei. Despite, and certainly to some extent because of, the chaotic warfare between the Northern and Southern dynasties, the Liu Song produced much poetry ( shi 詩) notably the rhapsody, fu 賦. The imperial house sponsored many literary works, and many wrote themselves. The court of Emperor Wen

1656-417: The U.S. The 2004 cartoon series Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf , a slapstick-coyote-and roadrunner-like cartoon, became a huge success in China. Pleasant Goat and his goat pals became cultural icons for China, and a powerful soft power tool in foreign relations and brought light and helped the trend of globalization. The show was not only popular with children but surprisingly adults as well. Although there

1728-582: The Wan's brothers Havoc in Heaven earning numerous international awards. China's golden age of animation would come to an end following the onset of the Cultural Revolution in 1966. Many animators were forced to quit. If not for harsh economic conditions, the mistreatment of the Red Guards would threaten their work. The surviving animations would lean closer to propaganda. By the 1980s, Japan would emerge as

1800-601: The Xianbei people were all complaining. Sima Guang also pointed out the cause of Liu Song's disaster: Every time Emperor Wen sent generals out on battles, he required them to follow the complete battle plans that he had drafted, and even the dates for battles needed approval from the emperor. Therefore, the generals all hesitated and could not make independent decisions. Further, the non-regular troops that he conscripted were not trained, and they rushed to advance when they were victorious and scattered when they were defeated. These were

1872-405: The animation powerhouse of Eastern Asia, leaving China's industry far behind in reputation and productivity. Though two major changes would occur in the 1990s, igniting some of the biggest changes since the exploration periods. The first is a political change. The implementation of a socialist market economy would push out traditional planned economy systems . No longer would a single entity limit

1944-505: The birth of about 6000 animation studios and 1300 universities which provide animation studies. In 2010, 220,000 minutes of animations were produced, making China the world's biggest producer of cartoons on TV. In 1999, Shanghai Animation Film Studio spent 21 million RMB (about US$ 2.6 million) producing the animation Lotus Lantern . The film earned a box office income of more than RMB 20 million (about US$ 2.5 million), but failed to capitalize on any related products. The same company shot

2016-786: The campaign turned into a disaster. The Wei lured the Liu Song to cross the Yellow River, and then flanked them, destroying the Eastern army. As the Liu Song armies retreated, the provinces south of the Yellow River were devastated by the Wei army. Only Huatai, a fortified city, held out against the Wei. However, the economic damage was immense. The barbarian troops laid waste to the provinces they had temporarily occupied, as described by Sima Guang : The Wei forces laid South Yan, Xu, North Yan, Yu, Qing, and Ji Provinces to waste. The Song deaths and injuries were innumerable. When Wei forces encountered Song young men,

2088-415: The capital, he was assassinated by the heir apparent, Liu Shao . Liu Shao's assassination of his father in 453 CE raised indignation across the empire, as it disobeyed one of Confucianism's fundamental principles, that of filial piety. Quickly, his brother Liu Jun rose against him, defeated him, and beheaded him. Once Liu Shao was killed. Liu Jun ascended to the throne and became Emperor Xiaowu. However, he

2160-605: The death of the Later Qin Emperor Yao Xin, Liu Yu attacked the state of Later Qin, which controlled the valuable lands of Guanzhong, lands which had once housed the capital of the Qin, Han and Jin dynasties before the barbarian uprisings. After defeating the Later Qin army in several battles, as well as an army of Northern Wei troops which had crossed to assist the Later Qin, Liu Yu recaptured the vital cities of Chang'an and Luoyang,

2232-457: The destruction of the southern regime, and resulted in North China languishing under a barbarian yoke for another 150 years. Although Emperor Ming attempted to recover them, his attempts were defeated. Emperor Ming's later reign was extremely brutal. Suspicious of his nephews, he had them all executed. Afraid of usurpation from rival members of the royal family, he executed thousands of members of

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2304-550: The distinction of being the first big Chinese animation series to enter the Japanese market. From July 2012 to July 2013, YouYaoQi released One hundred thousand bad jokes . In 2015, Monkey King: Hero Is Back gained $ 2.85 million in the box office, making it the highest-grossing animated film in China. The most important award for Chinese animation is the Golden Monkey Award. On 15 September 1999, FlashEmpire became

2376-637: The dynasty changed its official religion to Taoism, replacing Buddhism. Zu Chongzhi , a noted astronomer, lived during the Liu Song period. He was noted for calculating pi to seven decimal places and as the author of a variety of other astronomical theories. Chinese animation Chinese animation refers to animation made in China . In Chinese , donghua ( simplified Chinese : 动画 ; traditional Chinese : 動畫 ; pinyin : dònghuà ) describes all animated works, regardless of style or origin. However, outside of China and in English, donghua

2448-669: The dynasty's emperors and other dignitaries. However, according to a survey of the extant Six Dynasties ' sculpture in the Nanjing and Danyang areas, only one of the extant Six Dynasties' tomb sculptural groups has been securely identified as belonging to the Liu Song: the Chuning Tomb of the first emperor of the dynasty. Two qilin statues of this tomb survive in the appropriately named Qilin Town in Nanjing's suburban Jiangning District . In 440 CE,

2520-503: The film Babe: Pig in the City . Doing so would jeopardize the broadcast order of homemade animation and mislead their development according to foreign sources. The Chinese government has consistently implemented censorship measures on media deemed morally objectionable, particularly those featuring graphic and violent content. Numerous media productions have undergone alterations to align with these censorship requirements. In 2021, China made

2592-602: The first flash community in China to come online. While it began with amateurish contents, it was one of the first time any form of user-generated contents was offered in the mainland. By the beginning of 2000, it averaged 10,000 hits daily with more than 5,000 individual work published. Today it has more than 1 million members. In 2001, Xiao Xiao , a series of flash animations about kung fu stick figures became an Internet phenomenon totaling more than 50 million hits, most of which in mainland China . It also became popular overseas with numerous international artists borrowing

2664-454: The first Chinese animated film with sound, The Camel's Dance , in 1935. The first animated film of notable length was Princess Iron Fan in 1941. Princess Iron Fan was the first animated feature film in Asia and it had great impact on wartime Japanese Momotarō animated feature films and later on Osamu Tezuka . China was relatively on pace with the rest of the world up to the mid-1960s, with

2736-424: The first revolutionary change was in the 1995 manhua animation adaptation Cyber Weapon Z . The style consist of characters that are practically indistinguishable from any typical anime , yet it is categorized as Chinese animation. It can be said that productions are not necessarily limited to any one technique; that water ink, puppetry, computer CG are all demonstrated in the art. Newer waves of animations since

2808-596: The flash version of Stephen Chow's A Chinese Odyssey in flash format. For every quarter , the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television announces the Outstanding Domestic Animated Television Productions , which is given to the works that "persist with correct value guidance" ( 坚持正确价值导向 ) and "possess relatively high artistic quality and production standards" ( 具有较高艺术水准和制作水平 ), and recommends

2880-507: The forces quickly beheaded them or cut them in half. The infants were pierced through with spears, and the spears were then shaken so that the infants would scream as they were spun, for entertainment. The commanderies and counties that Wei forces went through were burned and slaughtered, and not even grass was left. When sparrows returned in the spring, they could not find houses to build nest on, so they had to do so in forests. Wei soldiers and horses also suffered casualties of more than half, and

2952-540: The former capitals of the Jin Empire. It is recorded that he engaged the Wei army by the use of spears launched by crossbows, panicking the Wei cavalry and allowing him to score a decisive victory. After this success, it seemed that Jin would exterminate the remaining barbarian states in the north and reunify China. However, fortunes began to change for the Jin forces. Liu Mengzhi died and in order to secure his power, Liu Yu left for Jiankang (present-day Nanjing), abandoning

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3024-417: The heavens. Philosophical interest in nature, or in mystical connotations of naturalism , could also have contributed to the rise of landscape painting. The art of shan shui , like many other styles of Chinese painting has a strong reference to Taoism/Daoism imagery and motifs, as symbolisms of Taoism strongly influenced "Chinese landscape painting". Some authors have suggested that Daoist stress on how minor

3096-672: The human presence is in the vastness of the cosmos, or Neo- Confucian interest in the patterns or principles that underlie all phenomena, natural and social lead to the highly structuralized nature of shan shui . Most dictionaries and definitions of shan shui assume that the term includes all ancient Chinese paintings with mountain and water images. Contemporary Chinese painters , however, feel that only paintings with mountain and water images that follow specific conventions of form, style and function should be called " shan shui painting". When Chinese painters work on shan shui painting, they do not try to present an image of what they have seen in

3168-654: The incestuous streak of his father, adopting several of his aunts and cousins as concubines. He was reputed to have ordered all of the princesses to come to his palace and have sexual intercourse with him. When one of his aunts refused, he executed her three sons. He also put to death a lady-in-waiting who bore a resemblance to a woman who cursed him in a dream. Eventually, one of his uncles could not bear it, rose up, and assassinated him. The man who assassinated Qianfei quickly became emperor himself and declared himself emperor Ming. He ordered Liu Ziye's brother Liu Zishang and sister Liu Chuyu , who were reputed to have participated in

3240-455: The industry's output and income. The second is a technological change with the arrival of the Internet. New opportunities would emerge from Flash animations and the contents became more open. Today China is drastically reinventing itself in the animation industry with greater influences from Hong Kong and Taiwan. As China’s economic reform reached its height, the 1990s and early 2000s gave way to

3312-534: The late emperor's sexual immorality and tyrannical governance, to commit suicide. However, his claim to the throne was not accepted by Liu Zixun , one of his nephews, who then rose against him. The civil war at first was a great success for Liu Zixun, who quickly overran nearly the entire empire. However, he moved too slowly. Emperor Ming quickly sent an army westward, captured Kuaiji , a vital food supply. Another of his generals captured Qianxi and cut off Liu Zixun's supplies. Starving, his troops collapsed and Liu Zixun

3384-425: The management of the North to his general Wang Zhen'e. After his departure, the state of Xia attacked Guanzhong and reoccupied it, and the loss of these lands prescribed Jin's frontier at the Yellow River. However, Jin retained its former eastern capital, Luoyang, as well as most of the Chinese heartland. Following his return to Jiankang, Liu Yu ended the rule of the Jin and became emperor himself in 420, establishing

3456-568: The modern trend. In 2005, the first 3D CG-animated movie from Shenzhen China, Thru the Moebius Strip was debuted. Running for 80 minutes, it is the first 3D movie fully rendered in mainland China to premiere in the Cannes Film Festival . It was a critical first step for the industry. The immensely popular kids's animated series Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf came out the same year. In November 2006, an animation summit forum

3528-437: The natural world, and thus has specific directions for colorations that should be used in 'directions' of the painting, as to which should dominate. Positive interactions between the Elements are: Elements that react positively should be used together. For example, Water complements both Metal and Wood; therefore, a painter would combine blue and green or blue and white. There is a positive interaction between Earth and Fire, so

3600-415: The nature, but what they have thought about nature. No one cares whether the painted colors and shapes look like the real object or not. According to Ch'eng Hsi: Shan shui painting is a kind of painting which goes against the common definition of what a painting is. Shan shui painting refutes color, light and shadow and personal brush work. Shan shui painting is not an open window for the viewer's eye, it

3672-498: The poems were designed to be viewed with a particular work of art, others were intended to be "textual art" that invoked an image inside a reader's mind. The art form of shan shui has been popular to the point where a Chinese animation from 1988 entitled Feeling from Mountain and Water uses the same art style and even the term for the film's title. Additionally, many recent movies and plays produced in China, specifically House of Flying Daggers and Hero , use elements of

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3744-543: The rebel Huan Xuan. After Huan Xuan's fall, Liu Yu gained control of the Jin dynasty . Regarded as one of the best generals of the Northern and Southern dynasties, Liu Yu started off by reclaiming much of the territory the Chinese had lost during the Sixteen Kingdoms era. He started off his career by campaigning against Southern Yan, which bordered Jin to the north and had adopted a policy of aggression and kidnapping citizens from

3816-423: The river, or a path along it, or the tracing of the sun through the sky over the shoulder of the mountain. The concept is to never create inorganic patterns, but instead to mimic the patterns that nature creates . The Threshold – The path should lead to a threshold. The threshold is there to embrace you and provide a special welcome. The threshold can be the mountain, or its shadow upon the ground, or its cut into

3888-460: The royal family, which was greatly weakened. Upon his death, his son had to be assisted by the general Xiao Daocheng , as nearly all of Emperor Ming's brothers and nephews had been killed. The successor to the emperor Ming, emperor Houfei, was resentful of the control Xiao Daocheng had over him and announced openly several times he would kill him. Fearful of his demise, Xiao had him assassinated and placed Emperor Shun on his throne. In 479, Xiao took

3960-621: The sky. The concept is always that a mountain or its boundary must be defined clearly. The Heart – The heart is the focal point of the painting and all elements should lead to it. The heart defines the meaning of the painting. The concept should imply that each painting has a single focal point, and that all the natural lines of the painting direct inwards to this point. While many landscape paintings in China uses only ink or uses color for aesthetic purposes, some Shan shui are painted and designed in accordance with Chinese elemental theory with five elements or phases representing various parts of

4032-518: The story of how a boy attempts to save a fantasy world from an evil monster who, unknowingly, is inside of him. The film borrows from a Japanese "hot-blooded" style, refreshing the audience's views on Chinese animation. Kuiba was critically acclaimed, however it commercially fell below expectations. It was reported that the CEO Wu Hanqing received minority help from a venture capital fund at Tsinghua University to complete "Kuiba." This film also holds

4104-555: The style itself in the sets, as well as the elemental aspects in providing "balance". The term shan shui is sometimes extended to include gardening and landscape design , particularly within the context of feng shui . The art form shan shui influenced the Electronic Literature work Shan Shui by Chen Qian Xun. Liu Song dynasty Song , known as Liu Song ( Chinese : 劉宋 ), Former Song (前宋) or Song of (the) Southern dynasties (南朝宋) in historiography,

4176-466: The television broadcasters in Mainland China to give priority when broadcasting such series. Statistics from China's State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) indicate domestic cartoons aired 90 minutes each day from 1993 to 2002; by the end of 2004, it increased the airing time of domestic cartoons to two hours per day. The division requested a total of 2,000 provinces to devote

4248-462: The three major literary trends to follow. Scientists and astronomers were also active during periods of relative peace. Buddhism also began to be better understood and more widely practised at this time, and some officials such as Xie Lingyun, were Buddhists. Liu Song sculptors may have created a number of spirit way ensembles, generally characteristic of the Six Dynasties era, for the tombs of

4320-608: The throne himself and declared himself Emperor of Qi, ending Liu Song. The ex-emperor Shun and his clan were soon put to the sword. Liu Hui (刘辉) was a descendant of Liu Song royalty who fled north to the Xianbei Northern Wei in exile and married the Xianbei Princess Lanling (蘭陵公主), daughter of the Xianbei Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei . More than fifty percent of Tuoba Xianbei princesses of

4392-452: The two reasons why he failed, and from this point on, the state was in recession, and the Reign of Yuanjia was in decline. Another historian, Shen Yue , pointed out Emperor Wen was said to model his command on the great general Emperor Guangwu of Han , but he lacked the latter's command abilities. Emperor Wen made another attempt to destroy Northern Wei in 452, but failed again. On returning to

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4464-431: The world's largest animation audiences. From 2006 to present, the Chinese government has considered animation as a key sector for the birth of a new national identity and for the cultural development in China. The government has started to promote the development of cinema and TV series with the aim of reaching 1% of GDP in the next five years against an investment of around RMB250-350 million (€29-41 million). It supported

4536-482: Was Old Master Q . The characters were converted into cartoon forms as early as 1981, followed by numerous animation adaptations including a widescreen DVD release in 2003. While the publications remained legendary for decades, the animations have always been considered more of a fan tribute. And this is another sign that newer generations are further disconnected with older styled characters. Newer animations like My Life as McDull has also been introduced to expand on

4608-572: Was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. It succeeded the Eastern Jin dynasty and preceded the Southern Qi dynasty . The dynasty was founded by Liu Yu (Emperor Wu; 363–422 CE), whose surname together with "Song" forms the common name for the dynasty, the "Liu Song". This appellation is used to distinguish it from

4680-506: Was especially active in literary circles, with Liu supporting the compilation of a large collection of short prose anecdotes, A New Account of the Tales of the World ( Shishuo Xinyu ). The "Three Giants of Yuanjia," Bao Zhao (鮑照) (d. 466), Xie Lingyun (謝霊運) (385–433 CE), and Yan Yanzhi (顏延之) (384–456 CE) are among the best known poets of the Song, each of them being credited as the originators of

4752-494: Was especially vicious, murdering many of his brothers, nephews, and other male relatives — many of them children. Such internal instability eventually led to the dynasty's destruction. However, its founder Emperor Wu was considered one of the greatest generals during the Northern and Southern dynasties period, and the reign of its third emperor, Emperor Wen , is known for its political stability and capable administration, not only of its emperor but its strong and honest officials. This

4824-703: Was held to announce China's top 10 most popular domestic cartoons as Century Sonny , Tortoise Hanba's Stories , Black Cat Detective , SkyEye , Lao Mountain Taoist , Nezha Conquers the Dragon King , Wanderings of Sanmao , Zhang Ga the Soldier Boy , The Blue Mouse and the Big-Faced Cat and 3000 Whys of Blue Cat . Century Sonny is a 3D CG-animated TV series with 104 episodes fully rendered. In 2011, Vasoon Animation released Kuiba . The film tells

4896-468: Was killed, aged just 10. However, Emperor Ming grew arrogant and refused to grant a pardon to those who had supported Liu Ziye. This action was extremely detrimental to Liu Song and its successors, as the governors of the northern commandries, fearing their lives, surrendered to Wei rather than face execution at Jiankang. This resulted in the loss of the Chinese heartland and the most fertile and cultivated lands at that time. This loss would eventually lead to

4968-410: Was regarded as immoral and committed incest with his cousins and sisters, and reputed to have even done so with his mother. Nevertheless, his reign was a relatively peaceful one. Following his death in 464 CE, Liu Jun passed his throne to his son, Liu Ziye , who was generally regarded as a tyrant. He disrespected his father and was suspicious of his uncles, putting several of them to death. He continued

5040-468: Was some controversy for being too violent the show was banned during a censorship on violence and pornography in China. Chinese animations today can best be described in two categories. The first type are "conventional animations", produced by corporations of well-financed entities. These content falls along the lines of traditional 2D cartoons or modern 3D CG animated films distributed via cinemas, DVD, or broadcast on TV. This format can be summarized as

5112-437: Was the ink-wash animation developed by animators Te Wei and Qian Jiajun in the 1960s. Based on Chinese ink-wash painting , several films were produced in this style, starting with Where is Mama (1960). However, the technique was time-consuming and was gradually abandoned by animation studios. The concept of Chinese animations have begun loosening up in recent years without locking into any particular one style. One of

5184-536: Was unsuccessful. In 422 CE, the first year of his reign, he lost three commanderies to Wei. Under the able general Dao Yanzhi, however, Liu Song recovered the four cities of Luoyang, Hulao, Huatai and Qiao'ao south of the Yellow River. However, the emperor's unwillingness to advance past this line caused the destruction of the empire's ally, Xia, by the Wei. The emperor was to repeat this mistake as several barbarian states who had offered to ally with Liu Song against Wei were declined, eventually leading to Wei's unification of

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