Jason Lee (June 28, 1803 – March 12, 1845) was a Canadian Methodist Episcopalian missionary and pioneer in the Pacific Northwest . He was born on a farm near Stanstead , Quebec.
68-530: Seufert County Park is a public park located just east of The Dalles, Oregon , United States, and is operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers . The park's main attraction is The Dalles Dam Visitor Center where one can view exhibits regarding the history and function of the dam. The park also has picnic tables and a small rose garden. The park is named after the Seufert family which operated
136-557: A salmon cannery near the park from the late 19th century until the construction of the dam. 45°36′38″N 121°07′36″W / 45.6106°N 121.12666°W / 45.6106; -121.12666 The Dalles, Oregon The Dalles ( / ˈ d æ l z / ) DALZ ; formally the City of The Dalles and also called Dalles City , is an inland port and the largest city in Wasco County , Oregon , United States. The population
204-544: A herd of 600 livestock, the portion for Lee and the Mission bestowed a sound means of nutritional self-sufficiency. Ewing Young became the center of attention of the Willamette Valley farmsteads once again with his death and his extensive estate, which had no heirs to claim it in 1841. Several meetings were held and Lee chaired the first one where he put forth a proposal for a singular jurisdiction for all inhabitants south of
272-511: A letter addressed to the Methodist Missionary Board he beseeched for agriculturalists. Lee felt that because "this country will settle ere long," if the board were to send "a few good, pious settlers" then "an incalculable benefit" would benefit "generations yet unborn." In the summer of 1837, missionary Anna Maria Pittman arrived at Lee's mission to assist him. It had been suggested to Lee that he might marry Pittman, but at first he
340-658: A list of top employers in the region. Mid-Columbia Medical Center was the number one employer listed with over 500 employees; a local school district, Oregon Cherry Growers and Fred Meyer all reported more than 250 employers. Google employed between 100 and 250 people, according to the list. In 2012, the top 15 employers in The Dalles according to the Mid-Columbia Economic Development District report on "Largest Employers in Wasco County" were: The Dalles
408-632: A more thorough description of the activities of the Mission. Prior to leaving he was influential in the propagation of a memorial by many residents of the Willamette Valley addressing the United States Congress. The document requested that the American government establish rule over the regions of the Oregon Country south of the Columbia River and highlighted the potentials of trade with Asia and
476-520: A new breed of cat called the LaPerm , which went on to become a popular, established, championship pedigree cat breed around the world. In 1984, The Dalles was the site of the first and single largest bioterrorism attack in United States history . In 1986, Penalty Phase , a film starring Peter Strauss and Melissa Gilbert , was filmed in and around The Dalles. In 2018, Terry A. Davis , creator of
544-438: A powerful west wind on most afternoons. During stormy periods in spring, conditions are usually cloudy and cool, while most sunny and calm days become intensely warm, especially from April onward. Springtime temperatures often vary more from one week to the next than they do from one month to the next. The growing season is roughly 200 days long in a typical year, generally running from early April through most of October. However,
612-496: A river flows over hard flat rocks, it becomes shallow, and rapids are created. The first use of the name Dalles , according to Oregon Geographic Names , appears in fur trader Gabriel Franchère 's Narrative , on April 12, 1814, referring to the long series of major rapids in the river. Starting in the 1810s, Americans and Europeans passed by what became The Dalles, active in the North American fur trade as employees of either
680-585: A schism and the formation of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South . In the meantime, Lee went to Washington, D.C. , and had conferences with both President John Tyler and Senator Thomas H. Benton to present the land claims of the Oregon Mission. When finally meeting with the Board leadership Lee was able to rectify his position, but he wasn't reappointed as superintendent. He opted to raise money for
748-404: A season has been 85.5 inches (2.17 m) between July 1949 and June 1950. Average winter temperatures are only about 3 to 5 °F (1.7 to 2.8 °C) colder than in cities such as Portland and Seattle, and temperatures below 0 °F or −17.8 °C are very rare, but not unheard of – historically occurring on three mornings out of every five winters, but only once since February 1996. As in
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#1732872757865816-543: Is a k-8 school affiliated with the Catholic Church in The Dalles. Columbia Lutheran School is a Christian elementary school of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod in The Dalles. The Dalles is also home to the main campus of Columbia Gorge Community College which began in 1977 as Wasco Area Education Service District. It is a leading institution in renewable energy technology education and training. As of
884-450: Is home to Oregon School District 21. Originally 2 school districts; District 9 in the Chenoweth area and District 12 which included much of The Dalles. District 21 includes 3 elementary schools: Colonel Wright Elementary, Chenoweth Elementary and Dry Hollow Elementary. District 21 is also home to Innovations Academy, The Dalles Middle School and The Dalles High School . St Mary's Academy
952-532: Is land and 0.26 square miles (0.67 km ) is water. The Dalles is usually classified as a semiarid (Köppen BSk ) climate region. However, it has some characteristics of the midlatitude oceanic climate that dominates west of the Cascade Mountains, combined with seasonal precipitation patterns very similar to those found in Mediterranean climates. The city's location in the eastern Columbia Gorge results in
1020-553: Is now the city of The Dalles was a major Native American trading center. The general area is one of the continent's most significant archaeological regions. Lewis and Clark camped near Mill Creek on October 25–27, 1805, and recorded the Indian name for the creek as Quenett . The name of the city comes from the French word dalle , meaning either "sluice", akin to English "dale" and German T [ h ] al , "valley", or "flagstone", referring to
1088-421: Is quite warm by Pacific Northwest standards; however, summer weather often oscillates between intense heat waves and much cooler and windier periods. Except for the occasional sporadic thunderstorm, there is almost no summer rainfall. From late September through early November, the area experiences an abrupt autumn during which normal temperatures drop very rapidly and cloudy, wet weather quickly picks up. Prior to
1156-729: The Oregon Institute , (now Willamette University ), a school he helped organize. However, while visiting his sister in Stanstead, his health failed, and he died on 12 March 1845. His remains were reinterred at the Lee Mission Cemetery in Salem, Oregon in 1906 alongside the remains of his two wives and infant daughter. The house Lee occupied in 1841 is preserved as part of the Willamette Heritage Center , formerly known as
1224-581: The TempleOS operating system, walked from Portland, Oregon to The Dalles in three days via the Columbia River Gorge. There, he was struck by a train and died at the age of 48. Highways I-84 , US 30 , and US 197 meet in the city. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 20.61 square miles (53.38 km ), of which 20.35 square miles (52.71 km )
1292-527: The census of 2010, there were 13,620 people, 5,472 households, and 3,441 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,144.9 inhabitants per square mile (828.2/km ). There were 5,903 housing units at an average density of 929.6 per square mile (358.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 87.9% White , 0.5% African American , 1.5% Native American , 1.0% Asian , 0.8% Pacific Islander , 5.7% from other races , and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 17.0% of
1360-576: The columnar basalt rocks carved by the river (in voyageur French used to refer to rapids), which was used by the French-Canadian employees of the North West Company to refer to the rapids of the Columbia River between the present-day city and Celilo Falls . Also in the same area was the Petites Dalles or Little Dalles, or Short Narrows. In French, "les dalles" means "the slabs". When
1428-702: The "Book of Heaven", prophesied in a vision, to the Salish people. An account was editorialized by the Christian Advocate and Journal the subsequent year, calling upon its readers to send preachers to the Rocky Mountains and beyond. The article quickly was given the attention of Willbur Fisk , President of the Wesleyan University, who tabled a proposal for the Methodist Church to establish a presence among
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#17328727578651496-776: The American Pacific Fur Company (PFC) or the Canadian North West Company (NWC). Men like NWC officer David Thompson voyaged both down and up the Columbia, traveling through Celilo Falls. The War of 1812 led to the 1813 liquidation of the PFC, its properties like Fort Astoria sold to the North West Company. In 1821 the North West Company was absorbed by the giant London-based Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). Fort Vancouver , built in 1824, replaced Fort Astoria as
1564-621: The Cascades, there is still enough precipitation most years to support relatively high soil moisture levels for most of the winter. This is a very similar pattern to what happens in classic Mediterranean climates – except that the temperatures are significantly colder. The area receives measurable snowfall virtually every year, but the snow totals fluctuate dramatically from one year to the next; some seasons see only one or two brief light snow events while others get major snowstorms and cumulative totals of 20 inches (0.51 m) or more. The most snowfall in
1632-646: The Columbia River basin while en route west. He found the Walla Walla in particular "far more filthy and indolent than the Kioos Cayuse ." The close to two thousand mile trek ended at the Hudson's Bay Company 's (HBC) fur trading station of Fort Vancouver, where the missionaries wintered. During their stay there Chief Factor John McLoughlin advised against creating a mission in interior Flathead land and instead recommended
1700-523: The Columbia River, also contributed to the project running two years behind schedule and led eventually to its demise. In 1870, the State of Oregon received the property from the U.S. Government and the building was put to other uses. The mint is now home to Freebridge Brewing. Construction of The Dalles Dam in 1957 submerged the Long Narrows and Celilo Falls . In 1963, Ken Kesey 's novel One Flew Over
1768-522: The Columbia River. Until the construction of the Barlow Road in 1846, the only way to reach Fort Vancouver and the Willamette Valley was by rafting down the river from The Dalles. A post office was established within the boundaries of the current city in 1851, and The Dalles was incorporated as a city in 1857. It has been the major commercial center between Portland and Pendleton since. The city
1836-592: The Columbia river. This was the culmination of feuds with Vicar General Blanchet who had till then dispensed justice on the Catholic population of the Willamette Valley. Blanchet was accused by Lee of splitting the settler community by refusing to submit to the attempted civic authority. This attempt was aimed at cutting the financially supportive relationship and patronage the HBC gave the Catholic Missionaries. By removing
1904-696: The Cuckoo's Nest was published featuring the narrator, Chief, who is from The Dalles. In 1970, the Bonneville Power Administration opened the Celilo Converter Station near the northern terminus of the Pacific DC Intertie which sends 3,100 megawatts of electricity to Los Angeles. In 1982, a curly-coated kitten was born on a farm in The Dalles owned by Linda and Dick Koehl. The Koehls used this kitten and her offspring to develop
1972-648: The Mission Mill Museum. In 1953, the State of Oregon donated a bronze statue of Lee to the U.S. Capitol 's National Statuary Hall Collection . Another copy was installed on the grounds of the Oregon State Capitol in 1953, having been finished by Gifford MacGregor Proctor after the death of his father, sculptor Alexander Phimister Proctor . Elementary schools in Richland, Washington , and Portland, Oregon and
2040-450: The Mission and former HBC employees. Blocked out of the local fur trade by the HBC, pioneer Ewing Young began plans to create an alcohol distillery for sale to natives. Once this became known to the Society its members were mobilized into action. In a letter signed by residents of the valley, Young was requested to refrain from opening the distillery and offered to cover the costs of forfeiting
2108-486: The Mission, including the grist mill and missions not actively used. After hearing the news that he was ejected as the superintendent from Marcus Whitman, who had recently returned from the United States, Lee went to meet the Board in person to defend himself. Crossing Mexico and sailing up the Mississippi River, Lee reached New York City on 27 May 1844. He found the leadership debating over slavery, which soon led to
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2176-534: The Pacific. Besides gathering funds for missionary work, Lee apparently left for the east as he had a "desire to promote" Oregon as a worthwhile place for colonization. Lee spent three weeks at the interior ABCFM missions run by Marcus Whitman and Henry H. Spalding while waiting for an escort from the HBC. Viewing the growing farms maintained by the Cayuse and Nez Perce , Jason considered them both "superior to those upon
2244-468: The Salish. Jason Lee, a former student of Fisk, and his nephew Daniel volunteered for service in the planned mission among the Flathead Indians . Arrangements were made with Nathaniel Wyeth for the small missionary group to travel with his party. In early 1834 the combined group departed from Independence, Missouri . Lee didn't refrain from judging and comparing the various native cultures along
2312-551: The Willamette Valley was about livestock. All the cattle residing in Oregon at the time was then owned by the HBC. Despite this, McLoughlin authorized the loaning out of livestock as needed to missionaries and settlers. To resolve this pressing issue, Slacum suggested that cattle from Alta California be purchased. The Willamette Cattle Company was formed and the Loriot gave passage to Young and other men to California. Returning overland with
2380-569: The Willamette [River] ..." despite the occasional whipping by the two missionaries. After giving birth to their child, Lee's wife, Anna Maria Pittman Lee, died in June. The child, a boy, died a few days after birth. News of his wife and son's deaths reached Lee more than two months later as he entered Missouri. Lee soon remarried to Lucy Thompson Grubbs. While traveling through Illinois, Lee convinced John P. Richmond to join him in Oregon. Richmond
2448-420: The age of 18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40, and the average family size was 2.94. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under
2516-458: The age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 35,430, and the median income for a family was $ 43,041. Males had a median income of $ 36,387 versus $ 22,583 for females. The per capita income for
2584-808: The church, given orders to open and maintain a mission among the Salish. At the time, the Pacific Northwest was "jointly occupied" by the United Kingdom and the United States as agreed to in the Treaty of 1818 . The missionaries went overland in 1834 with Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth , an American merchant who previously visited the Columbia River basin to enter the regional fur trade market. The party of priests and fur trappers arrived at Fort Vancouver later that year and were greeted by Chief Factor John McLoughlin . While there, McLoughlin influenced Jason Lee to open
2652-642: The city was $ 17,511. About 9.0% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.6% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over. The Northwest Cherry Festival is held in The Dalles in April. In 1984, The Dalles was the scene of a bioterrorist incident launched by members of the Rajneesh Movement in an attempt to gain control of the local government of Wasco County, which failed on Election Day. Salmonella placed in ten restaurants resulted in 751 cases of Salmonellosis . It
2720-450: The city. The population density was 892.3/km . There were 5,227 housing units at an average density of 383.7/km . The racial makeup of the city was 87.8% White , 0.4% African American , 1.2% Native American , 1.0% Asian , 0.8% Pacific Islander , 6.2% from other races , and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 10.5% of the population. There were 4,896 households, out of which 30.0% had children under
2788-591: The indigenous populations were on the decline from disease in 1836: "unless the God of heaven undertake their cause, they must perish from off the face of the Earth, and their name blotted out from under heaven." This became a typical view of Lee despite his continued conversion efforts. According to his biographer Cornelius J. Brosnan, Lee saw "Oregon as the home of a future white civilization" as early as 1837 while back in New York. In
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2856-422: The leadership of Lee for several years. Conflict with White, who previously managed the mission financial records, had been a source of discontent for years. White was accused by Lee of having spent money at Fort Vancouver on the account of the mission. Rather than show his records, White left for the United States in 1841. While David Leslie gave the superintendent a positive appraisal, it wasn't enough to counter
2924-592: The memorial arrived in Washington, D.C. it was presented to Congress by Senator Lewis F. Linn in January ;1839. In correspondence with Representative Caleb Cushing Lee noted that if America were to control the area many of the laymen of the Mission would in time become permanent settlers, which did eventually occur as predicted. During his time in the United States Lee went on several speaking tours throughout
2992-505: The nation along with a visit to his hometown in Canada to raise funds for the mission. Despite his position that only two additional preachers were needed, the Board recruited five. Lee and the "great reinforcement" sailed aboard the Lausanne and arrived in Oregon on 1 June 1840. Letters were sent to the Board of Managers from Elijah White , John P. Richmond , and Gustavus Hines attacking
3060-403: The nearby Willamette Valley . Lee eventually settled on a location northwest of the present site of Salem, Oregon . There he found about a dozen French-Canadian settlers who previously had been employed by the HBC, in addition to their native wives and children. Over time the superintendent began to request additional missionaries and laymen be sent to relieve him of temporal duties. This view
3128-520: The political control over Catholics, the Company would lose influence among the settlers. An additional motive was that the Oregon Mission was in debt to the Company. These were the roots of Lee's support for a government in 1841, rather than finding a local regime necessary in and of itself. At the time of the Champoeg Meetings Lee was no longer an active participant of the political activities in
3196-442: The population. There were 5,472 households, of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.1% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
3264-440: The presence of numerous microclimates within a few miles of town. To the immediate west, the winters are significantly wetter, and summers are significantly cooler. In contrast, upland locations to the south are significantly cooler in all seasons. The generally warm and dry summers near town make it the ideal climate for the numerous Bing cherry orchards in the area. The summer season runs from mid-June through early September and
3332-401: The regional fur trade headquarters. The HBC's trading network made extensive use of the Columbia River. The rapids of the Columbia River at The Dalles was the largest and longest of the four "great portages", where fur trading boats had to unload and transship their cargoes. Sometimes, during high water, boats traveling downriver would "shoot the rapids" instead of portaging, although the practice
3400-432: The spring frost dates can range from mid-March to early May, and the fall frost dates can range from late September to mid-November. A weather station is located at nearby Columbia Gorge Regional Airport , also known as The Dalles Municipal Airport . In 2006, Google began building a major data center, known locally as Project 02 , along the Columbia River in The Dalles, using the area's reliable hydroelectric power and
3468-657: The station among the Kalapuya in the Willamette Valley rather than the Salish. Jason Lee was the first of the Oregon missionaries and instrumental in the American settlement in the Oregon Country . Jason Lee was the youngest of fourteen siblings. At the age of 13 Lee was self-supporting, converted to Methodism at 23 and later attended the Wilbraham Wesleyan Academy . While studying there, he became friends with Osman Baker and graduated in 1830. Between 1830 and 1832 he
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#17328727578653536-425: The sudden onset of the rainy season in mid- to late fall, there are often days with a very wide disparity between daytime and nighttime temperatures, sometimes exceeding 36 °F or 20 °C. There is far less wind in the fall than in spring and early summer, though passing frontal systems can still bring quick bouts of strong wind. Winter is the wet season in The Dalles. Despite the rain shadow effect created by
3604-457: The summer, winter temperatures can vary tremendously from one day to the next. During arctic air events the daytime high temperatures will generally be well below 32 °F or 0 °C, while a strong subtropical push can raise temperatures into the 50s and low 60s F, even in January. It is quite common for relatively cold air to become trapped at low elevations due to an inversion above; depending on
3672-424: The temperature of the surface airmass, depth of the inversion layer, and temperatures above the inversion layer, this can result in snow, sleet, freezing rain or a very cold liquid rain. Springtime conditions generally run from late February through early June, during which time the overall trend gradually becomes warmer and drier and the landscape briefly turns lush and green. This is the windiest season of all, with
3740-471: The underutilized fiber optic capacity of the area. The new complex includes two buildings, each approximately the size of a football field, and two cooling plants, each four stories high. The project promised hundreds of jobs in the area, mainly in construction, with an additional 200 permanent positions expected later in 2006 although as of 2013 Google employed only 150 combined company employees and contractors in The Dalles. In 2021, Wasco County published
3808-482: The valley. By this point, according to Brosnan, "Jason Lee's political acumen made him realize that a local provisional government was not the direction where lay Oregon's true interest." Abernethy joined Lee in criticizing the Champoeg Meetings and their developments as unnecessary. The delays in communication with the Board of Managers back in the United States eventually necessitated Lee to return there to give
3876-621: The venture. Young blamed the HBC for "tyranizing oppression" and the situation he was in but nonetheless agreed to forfeit production of alcohol without compensation. The first representative from the United States to visit the Methodist station was Navy Lieutenant William A. Slacum on board the Loriot . John McLoughlin welcomed the naval official and informed Jason Lee of his arrival, who met Slacum at Champoeg in January. A common topic Slacum had with French-Canadian and American settlers residing in
3944-421: The waterfront. In 1855, at the end of the Cayuse War , the Indians living near The Dalles were forcibly relocated by the U.S. Army to the Warm Springs Indian Reservation . In the early 1840s American settlers began to arrive in significant numbers, traveling overland via the Oregon Trail . The trail ended at The Dalles. It was not possible to take wagons farther west due to steep cliffs that fell straight into
4012-404: The years of criticisms. Reports held Lee accountable for a general neglect and disinterest in converting Indigenous peoples. Additionally, Lee's inability to provide a complete financial history of the Willamette Mission and its subsidiary stations proved to be too much for the Board. They appointed Rev. George Gray as the new superintendent and instructed him to dispose of the temporal properties of
4080-447: Was 16,010 at the 2020 census , and it is the largest city in Oregon along the Columbia River outside the Portland Metropolitan Area . The Dalles is 75 miles (121 km) east of Portland, within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area . The area around The Dalles is known to have been a trading center for Native Americans as long as 10,000 years ago and is thus one of the oldest inhabited places in North America . The site of what
4148-437: Was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.99. The median age in the city was 39.7 years. 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64; and 17.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 12,156 people, 4,896 households, and 3,226 families residing in
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#17328727578654216-417: Was dangerous and many people died as a result over the years. In 1838 a branch of Jason Lee's Methodist Mission was established at Celilo Falls, named the Wascopam Mission , after the native Wasco Indians. In 1850 the U.S. Army founded a small post at the site of the old mission, being eventually named Fort Dalles . Fort Dalles became the nucleus of the town of The Dalles, which began to develop along
4284-442: Was later appointed as the head of the Nisqually Mission in modern Washington . While in Peoria he held a speech on Oregon that enthralled some locals who formed the Peoria Party to attempt to colonize Oregon. At a meeting with the Missionary Board in November the Board approved his plan for the creation of recruiting laymen such as blacksmiths and mechanics, the creation of grist mill, and expansion of agricultural production. After
4352-420: Was minister in the Stanstead area and taught school. Lee had applied to the London-based Wesleyan Missionary Society to proselytize to the First Nations of Canada but his application wasn't processed as Richard Watson , the secretary, had died. In 1832, four men of the Nez Perce and Bitterroot Salish or Flathead tribe journeyed to St. Louis and requested from resident William Clark for someone to bring
4420-430: Was not interested, finding her unattractive. After getting to know Pittman better, Lee changed his mind, writing, "I at length became convinced that she was eminently qualified to do all the duties and kind offices of an affectionate companion, and was worthy of my highest regards, esteem, and love". Lee and Pittman were married on July 16, 1837. Lee formed the Oregon Temperance Society in 1836, composed of lay members of
4488-415: Was originally named just "Dalles". In 1853 it was changed to "Wascopum," then, in 1860, to "The Dalles". In 1864, the U.S. Congress appropriated money to build a U.S. mint in The Dalles that was to use gold from Canyon City for coinage . The supply of gold from Canyon City began to dwindle, however, and other problems, such as cost overruns, workers leaving to work the gold fields, and flooding from
4556-428: Was shared by Daniel Lee and later missionaries, all of whom complained of having to spend too much time away from conversion efforts. Additionally Lee downplayed the accounts from fellow priests by proclaiming that hundreds of natives had become Methodists. It wasn't until the arrival of George Abernethy in 1840 that Lee was finally allowed to focus solely on proselyting to indigenous peoples. Lee also highlighted that
4624-571: Was the first known bioterrorism attack of the 20th century in the United States. The circumstances of the attack are documented in an American Medical Association article (JAMA Vol 278, No 5, page 389, 6 Aug 1997). The Dalles has one sister city : Jason Lee (missionary) After a group of Nez Perce and Bitterroot Salish men journeyed to St. Louis requesting the Book of Heaven in 1831 (their people had heard of it years before), Lee and his nephew Daniel Lee volunteered to serve as missionaries for them. Both were appointed as missionaries by
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